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1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the pen-
etration rate of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer with an 8-kg
[17.6-lb] hammer (8-kg [17.6-lb] DCP) through undisturbed
soil or compacted materials, or both. The penetration rate may
be related to in situ strength such as an estimated in situ CBR
(California Bearing Ratio). A soil density may be estimated
(Note 1) if the soil type and moisture content are known. The
DCP described in this test method is typically used for
pavement applications.
1.2 The test method provides for an optional 4.6-kg
[10.1-lb] sliding hammer when the use of the 8-kg [17.6-lb]
sliding mass produces excessive penetration in soft ground
conditions.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
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with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1 8-kg [17.6-lb] DCP dynamic cone penetrometer with
an 8-kg [17.6-lb] hammer (see Fig. 1)a device used to assess
the in situ strength of undisturbed soil or compacted materials,
or both.
2.1.2 sliding attachment (see Fig. 1)an optional device
used in reading the distance the DCP tip has penetrated. It may
be fastened to the anvil or lower rod to hold/slide along a
separate measuring rod, or it may be fastened to the separate
rod and slide along a graduated drive rod.
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
5. Apparatus
5.1 The 8-kg [17.6-lb] DCP is shown schematically in Fig.
1. It consists of the following components: a 16-mm [58-in.]
diameter steel drive rod with a replaceable point or disposable
cone tip, an 8-kg [17.6-lb] hammer which is dropped a fixed
height of 575 mm [22.6 in.], a coupler assembly, and a handle.
2
METHOD ST6: Measurement of the In Situ Strength of Soils by the Dynamic
Cone Penetrometer (DCP), Special Methods for Testing Roads, Draft TMH6,
Technical Methods for Highways (TMH), Pretoria, South Africa, ISBN 0 7988 2289
9, 1984, p. 20. FIG. 2 Replaceable Point Tip
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10 280 [11.02] 50 [1.96] 5 [0.196] 1 5 [0.196] 50
5 310 [12.20] 30 [1.18] 6 [0.236] 1 6 [0.236] 40
5 340 [13.39] 30 [1.19] 6 [0.238] 1 6 [0.238] 40
5 375 [14.76] 35 [1.37] 7 [0.274] 1 7 [0.274] 35
5 435 [17.13] 60 [2.37] 12 [0.474] 1 12 [0.474] 18
A
Number of hammer blows between test readings.
B
Cumulative penetration after each set of hammer blows.
C
Difference in cumulative penetration (Footnote B) between readings.
D
Footnote C divided by Footnote A.
E
Enter 1 for 8-kg [17.6-lb] hammer; 2 for 4.6-kg [10.1-lb] hammer.
F
Footnote D 3 Footnote E.
G
From CBR versus DCP Index correlation.
H
% Moisture content when available.
material, 5 blows for normal materials and 10 blows for very CBR 5 1 / ~0.002871 3 DCP! for DCP in mm/blow (5)
resistive materials. The penetration to the nearest 1 mm [0.04 CBR 5 1 / ~0.072923 3 DCP! in in./blow (6)
in.] corresponding to a specific number of blows is recorded. A
for CH soils.
reading is taken immediately when the material properties or
penetration rate change significantly. 7.1.1 Selection of the appropriate correlation is a matter of
professional judgment.
7. Calculations and Interpretation of Results 7.2 If a distinct layering exists within the material tested, a
7.1 The estimated in situ CBR is computed using the DCP change of slope on a graph of cumulative penetration blows
index (column 6, Table 1) and Table 2 for each set of readings. versus depth will be observed for each layer. The exact
The penetration per blow may then be plotted against scale interface is difficult to define because, in general, a transition
reading or total depth. The penetration per blow is then used to zone exists between layers. The layer thickness can be defined
estimate in situ CBR or shear strength using the appropriate by the intersection of the lines representing the average slope
correlation. For example, the correlation of penetration per of adjacent layers. Once the layer thicknesses have been
blow (DCP) in Table 2 is derived from the following equation defined, the average penetration rate per layer is calculated.
recommended by the US Army Corps of Engineers:3
8. Report
CBR 5 292 / DCP1.12 for DCP in mm/blow (1)
8.1 The report should include all the information as shown
CBR 5 292 / ~DCP 3 25.4!1.12 for DCP in in./blow (2) in Table 1. The relationship used to estimate the in situ CBR
The above equation is used for all soils except for CL soils values should also be included.
below CBR 10 and CH soils. For these soils, the following
equations are recommended by the US Army Corps of Engi- 9. Precision and Bias
neers:4 9.1 PrecisionThe within-field-laboratory repeatability
CBR 5 1 / ~0.017019 3 DCP!2 for DCP in mm/blow (3) standard deviation has been determined to be less than 2
2
mm/blow [0.08 in./blow].5 It is not possible to determine
CBR 5 1 / ~0.432283 3 DCP! for DCP in in./blow (4) reproducibility limits for this field test, which is destructive in
for CL soils with CBR < 10 and nature and the sample is not homogeneous and cannot be
replicated in moisture and density in another laboratory.
3
Webster, S. L., Grau, R. H., and Williams, T. P., Description and Application NOTE 6The repeatability study5 is on granular materials and would
of Dual Mass Dynamic Cone Penetrometer, Report GL-92-3, Department of the
Army, Washington, DC, May 1992, p. 19.
4
Webster, S. L., Brown, R. W., and Porter, J. R., Force Projection Site
5
Evaluation Using the Electric Cone Penetrometer (ECP) and the Dynamic Cone Burnham, T. R., Application of Dynamic Cone Penetrometer to Minnesota
Penetrometer (DCP), Technical Report No. GL-94-17 , Air Force Civil Engineering Department of Transportation Pavement Assessment Procedures, MN/RC-97/19,
Support Agency, U.S. Air Force, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL, April 1994. Minnesota Department of Transportation, Saint Paul, MN, 1997, p. 37.
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Richmond Field Station, University of California, Berkeley, March
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