MEDIEVAL MUSICAL STYLE CHARACTERISTICS

PERFORMING MEDIUM: During the Medieval period, music was primarily vocal.
Instruments were used to accompany vocal lines or to improvise instrumental
dances, and very little instrumental music has survived.

RHYTHM: Rhythm was not notated during much of this period, and traditions
regarding the treatment of sacred text, the meter of the text, and the musical
abilities of singers and instrumentalists often determined the rhythmic complexity
and tempo of pieces.

MELODY: Melodic intervals and the range of melodies were generally small
during this era (Hildegard of Bingen was an exception), and sacred melodies
were often based on church modes (modes are notes arranged in a specific scale
or pattern of intervals, and were often used to structure the melody or tonality of
a piece).

HARMONY: Harmony and tonality as we know it today were not functional during
the Medieval period. Music appears to have been constructed and heard as
separate lines rather than vertical sonorities. Parallel fifths and octaves were
favored, and triads or thirds were considered dissonant.

TEXTURE: Monophonic texture was predominantly used during the first part of
this era, and polyphonic texture began to be used in the mid to late Medieval
period. Heterophony may have been heard in performances.

FORM: Popular genres during this period included the following large forms:
sacred vocal music such as plainchant, conductus, masses, and motets;
instrumental estampies; and secular vocal songs.
ELEMENTS OF ART

Line An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or
three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

Shape An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and

width.

Form An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes

height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form
may also be free flowing.

Value The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value;
black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle
gray.

Space An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a
sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

Color An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity.
Hue: name of color
Value: hues lightness and darkness (a colors value changes when white or
black is added)
Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high intensity= color is strong and
bright; low intensity= color is faint and dull)

Texture An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they
might feel if touched.
PRINCIPLES OF ART: Balance, emphasis, movement, proportion, rhythm,
unity, and variety; the means an artist uses to organize elements within a work
of art.

Rhythm A principle of design that indicates movement, created by the careful

placement of repeated elements in a work of art to cause a visual tempo or beat.

Balance A way of combining elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or stability

to a work of art. Major types are symmetrical and asymmetrical.

Emphasis (contrast) A way of combining elements to stress the differences

between those elements.

Proportion A principle of design that refers to the relationship of certain

elements to the whole and to each other.

Gradation A way of combining elements by using a series of gradual changes in

those elements. (large shapes to small shapes, dark hue to light hue, etc)

Harmony A way of combining similar elements in an artwork to accent their

similarities (achieved through use of repetitions and subtle gradual changes)

Variety A principle of design concerned with diversity or contrast. Variety is

achieved by using different shapes, sizes, and/or colors in a work of art.

Movement A principle of design used to create the look and feeling of action
and to guide the viewers eye throughout the work of art.
 A. Physical fitness is your ability to carry out tasks without undue fatigue.
a state of physiologic well being that is achieved through a combination of
good diet, regular physicalexercise, and other practices that promote good
health.
B. The definition of health-related fitness involves exercise activities that
you do in order to try to improve your physical health and stay healthy,
particularly in the categories of cardiovascular endurance, muscular
strength, flexibility, muscular endurance and body composition.
C. Skill related fitness is the ability to do well in everyday life activities and
sports. It includes training to improve speed, agility, balance, coordination,
power, and reaction time.

2. Enumerate and define

5 Health-Related Fitness Components

1.Muscular Strength: The ability of muscles to lift a heavy weight or exert a lot of
force one time.
2.Muscular Endurance: The ability to use muscles for a long period of time
without tiring.
3.Cardiovascular Endurance: The ability of the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and
blood to work efficiently and to supply the body with oxygen.
4.Body Composition: The combination of all of the tissues that make up the body
such as bones, muscle, organs and body fat.
5.Flexibility: The ability to use your joints fully through a wide range of motion.
 1.
A. Community- a group of people living in the same place or having a
particular characteristic in common.
B. Environment- the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or
plant lives or operates. the natural world, as a whole or in a particular
geographical area, especially as affected by human activity.\
c. Health - the state of being free from illness or injury. State of complete physical, mental,
and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
d. Community Health- refers to the health status of a defined group of
people, or community, and the actions and conditions that protect and
improve the health of the community.

Environmental Health - is the science and practice of preventing human injury and
illness and promoting well-being by

identifying and evaluating environmental sources and hazardous agents and

limiting exposures to hazardous physical, chemical, and biological agents in air,

water, soil, food, and other environmental media or settings that may adversely
affect human health.

2. Chracteristics of a healthy community

Members participate in development and execution of activities
v Individual members are physically, mentally, emotional healthy
o Needs are being met by members around them
v Members have a sense of belonging and being needed
v Community continues to grow with healthy consistency
v Community as the ability to address individuals during crisis situations o fire, police, ambulance
v There is a healthy level of employment for members
v Healthy form of communication o Newspaper, radio, television
v Positive leaders within the community
v An election based decision making process
v Members work together for common betterment
v Leaders are aware of community needs and dynamics and acknowledge them
v Community members acknowledge weak areas and continue to better those aspects
v Members feel safe and secure within their environment