UNIT-1

One Mark Questions

1. How do engineering materials classify?

2. What is medium carbon steel?
3. What is mild steel?
4. What is shear stress?
5. What is cast iron?
6. What is principal plane?
7. What is factor of safety?
8. Define tensile stress?
9. What is 18-4-1 high speed steel?
10. What is brittle material? Give one example.
11. What is ductile material? Give one example.
12. What is high carbon steel?
13. What is low carbon steel?
14. Define alloy steel.
15. What is brittleness?
16. What is stiffness
17. What is the angle between two principal planes?
18. What is the angle between principal plane and plane of shear ?
19. What is the angle between two planes of shear?
20. What is compressive stress?

Two Mark Questions

1. What are preferred numbers and what is its importance in design?
2. Distinguish strength and rigidity.
3. Define Maximum principal stress theory
4. Define Maximum shear stress theory
5. Define Maximum distortion energy theory
6. Distinguish total strain energy theory and distortion energy theory
7. How factor of safety selection varies with respect to material?
8. How factor of safety selection varies with respect to type of loading?
9. Sketch a Mohrs circle and show the main points.
10. Distinguish impact strength and static strength.

UNIT-II
One Mark Questions

1. What is fatigue?
2. Define endurance limit?
3. What is notch sensitivity?
4. What is theoretical stress concentration?
5. What is Fatigue stress concentration factor?
6. Write the relation between notch sensitivity and theoretical stress concentration and
fatigue stress concentration?
7. Write the relation between actual endurance limit and endurance limit in fatigue testing?
8. Give two examples for variable loading?
9. Write the formula for mean stress?
10. Write the formula for alternating stress?
11. Write Gerber equation
12. What is cyclic load?
13. Write Goodman equation
14. Write Soderberg equation
15. Show stress vs time diagram of a component if the minimum load and maximum load
acting are -100 MPa and +150 MPa respectively?
16. What is the value of mean load if the load on a component varies from 30N to 100N
17. What is the value of variable load if the load on a component varies from 30N to 100N?
18. What is the value of Kf if kt and q are 2.0 and 1 respectively?
19. What is stress concentration?
20.Show stress vs time diagram of a component if the minimum load and maximum load
acting are -200 N and +200 N respectively
21.Fatigue failure results due to fluctuating stress when the stress magnitude is
i) More than ultimate strength
ii) More than yield strength but lower than ultimate tensile strength
iii) Lower than yield strength
iv) None of the above
22. The criterion of failure for machine parts subjected to fluctuating stress is
i) Ultimate tensile strength
ii) Yield strength
iii) Endurance limit
iv) Modulus of elasticity
23. As the size of component increases , the endurance limit of the component
i) Increase
ii) Decreases
iii) Remains same
iv) None of these
Two Mark Questions
1. What is low cycle and high cycle fatigue?
2. What is Miners equation?
3. Explain the modified Goodman diagram for bending stresses.
4. What is the difference between the Geber curve and Soderberg and Goodman lines?

5.

6. A pulley is supported midway between the two bearings spaced 400mm apart on
the shaft rotating at 1400r.p.m.The tensions of belts are 1000N and 500N vertically
downward. Ultimate tensile strength: 600MPa, Endurance strength:280 MPa.Take
factor of safety :3 and stress concentration factor :1.85. Find diameter of shaft with
bending consideration only.

7. Find the fatigue strength for the specimen made up of steel with endurance limit
280MPa, ultimate tensile strength:600MPa for a life of 200000cycles of stress
reversal.
8. A shaft of diameter d is subjected to a torque varying 100N.m to 500N.m . Due to
keyway, stress concentration factor is 1.5. Torsion factor: 0.6, surface finish factor:
0.85, Size factor: 0.82 and factor of safety 2. Yield strength: 300MPa and Endurance
strength: 200MPa, Find the value of d using Soderberg equation.
9. A bar of rectangular section as shown in fig. is subjected to an axial pull of 500
kN . Calculate its thickness if the allowable
tensile stress in the bar is 200 MPa. Take
stress concentration into account.

10. Derive Soderbergs equation when a

member is subjected to fatigue axial loading.

11. A cantilever beam shown in Fig. is

subjected to load varying from P to 3P. Determine
the value of P. The material of the beam has ultimate
stress of 620.8 MPa, Yield stress of 400 MPa and
endurance stress of 345.2 MPa. The stress
concentration factor may be taken as 1.4. Analyze the
member at the change of cross section A- A. use the
factor of safety =3.

12. What are the factors to be considered while designing machine parts to avoid fatigue
Failure. A machine component is subjected to a flexural stress which fluctuates
between + 300 MN/m2 and 150 MN/m2. Determine the value of minimum ultimate
 strength according to Gerber relation and Soderberg relation. Take yield strength =
0.55 Ultimate strength; Endurance strength = 0.5 Ultimate strength; and factor of
safety = 2.

13. What is stress concentration? Discuss various methods to reduce stress

concentration. Define the terms Endurance limit and Notch sensitivity.

14. Determine the thickness of a 120 mm wide uniform plate for safe continuous
operation if the plate is to be subjected to a tensile load that has a maximum value of
250 kN and a minimum value of 100 kN. The properties of the plate material are as
follows:Endurance limit stress = 225 MPa, and Yield point stress = 300 MPa. The
factor of safety based on yield point may be taken as 1.5.

15. The work cycle of a mechanical component subjected to completely reversed

bending stresses of the following three elements: (i) 350 N/mm2 for 85 % of time,
(ii) 400 N/mm2 for 12 % of time, (iii) 500 N/mm2 for 3 % of time. The material
for the component is 50C4(Sut= 660 N/mm2) and the corrected endurance limit is
280 N/mm2. Determine the life of the component.

16. A transmission shaft carries a pulley midway between the two bearings. The bending
moment at the pulley varies from 200 N-m to 600 N-m, as the torsional moment in
the shaft varies from 70 N-m to 200 N-m. The frequencies of variation of bending
moment and torsional moments are equal to the shaft speed. The shaft is made of
steel FeE 400(Sut= 540 N/mm2 and Syt= 400 N/mm2). The corrected endurance limit
of the shaft is 200 N/mm2. Determine the diameter of the shaft using factor of safety
2.

1
 UNIT-3

One Mark Questions

1. What is riveted joint?

2. Is riveted joint a permanent joint or temporary joint?
3. Name the types of riveted joints?
4. What is lap joint in rivets?
5. What is butt joint in rivets?
6. In which case single shear failure occurs in riveted joint ?
7. In which case double shear failure occurs in riveted joint ?
8. How a rivet is specified?
9. What is the difference between bolt and tap bolt?
10. Write Unwins formula
11. What is bolted joint?
12. Define major diameter of a bolt?
13. Define pitch of a bolt?
14. Write the relation between core diameter and major diameter in bolts?
15. Define lead of a bolt?
16. What is the difference between bolt and stud?
17. What do you mean by uniform strength of bolt ?
18. How uniform strength is obtained for bolts ?
19. Define margin in riveted joints
 20. What is multi start thread ?

Two Mark Questions

1. What is Pitch and margin for riveted joint having rivet diameter of 5 mm?

2. Draw and point out the pitch and margin of a double riveted lap joint?

3. Draw the snap head, flat head rivets?

4. Draw the pan head and counter sunk head rivets?

5. If shear and compressive are same for a single riveted joint then diameter is ___
times the thickness of plate.

6. What is meant by left hand and right hand threads?

7. In the designation M 6 X 1, d or D=___, pitch =________.

8. What is core diameter for the thread having major diameter of 10 mm?

9. Determine the size of bolt carrying a tensile load of 50 kN made of material

having 400 N/mm2 tensile stress.

10. Draw the profiles of V thread, Square thread and ACME thread?

Five Marks Questions

1. Two plates are fastened by means of two bolts as shown in
fig. The bolts are made of plain carbon steel 30C8(Syt= 400
N/mm2) and the factor of safety is 5. Determine the size of
the bolt if P= 5 kN.

2. Explain the failures of riveted joints with neat sketches?

3. A double riveted lap joint is made between 15 mm thick plates. The rivet diameter and
pitch are 25 mm and 75 mm respectively. If the ultimate stresses are 400 MPa in tension,
320 MPa in shear and 640 MPa in crushing, find the minimum force per pitch which will
rupture the joint.

4. Find the efficiency of the Single riveted lap joint of 6 mm plates with 20 mm diameter
rivets having a pitch of 50 mm. Assume Permissible tensile stress in plate = 120 MPa,
Permissible shearing stress in rivets = 90 MPa, Permissible crushing stress in rivets = 180
MPa.
5. Find the efficiency of the Double riveted lap joint of 6 mm plates with 20 mm diameter
rivets having a pitch of 65 mm. Assume Permissible tensile stress in plate = 120 MPa,
Permissible shearing stress in rivets = 90 MPa, Permissible crushing stress in rivets = 180
MPa.

6. Enumerate the different types of riveted joints with neat sketches?

7. Two shafts are connected by means of a flange coupling to transmit torque of 25 N-m.
The flanges of the coupling are fastened by four bolts of the same material at a radius of
30 mm. Find the size of the bolts if the allowable shear stress for the bolt material is 30
MPa.

8. A lever loaded safety valve has a diameter of 100 mm and the blow off pressure is 1.6
MPa. The fulcrum of the lever is screwed into the cast iron body of the cover. Find the
diameter of the threaded part of the fulcrum if the permissible tensile stress is limited to
50 MPa and the leverage ratio is 8.

9. Explain the concept bolts of uniform strength with neat sketch?

10. Explain the concept of determining the size of bolt when the bracket is carries an
eccentric load parallel to the axis of the bolt?
UNIT-4

One Mark Questions

1. What is welded joint?
2. Is welded joint a permanent joint or temporary joint?
3. Name the types of welded joints?
4. What is single parallel fillet welded joint?
5. What is double parallel fillet welded joint?
6. What is lap joint in welding?
7. What is butt joint in welding?
8. What is single transverse fillet welded joint?
9. What is double transverse fillet welded joint?
10. What is the cross section of welded joint?
11. What is a cotter joint?
12. What is the usual taper provided in cotter joint?
13. What is knuckle joint?
14. What is sleeve and cotter joint?
15. What is a socket and spigot cotter joint?
16. Write the relation of width, height of a square key in term of diameter of a shaft?
17. Write the relation of width, height of a rectangular key in term of diameter of a shaft?
18. Name the stresses induced in a key?
19. Write the relation between crushing stress and shear stress induced in a square key?
20. Differentiate flat saddle key and sunk key?

Two Mark Questions

1. What is a key? Sates its functions?

2. Draw the neat sketches of different sunk keys?

3. The shearing area of a key of length l , breadth b and height h is equal to ________.
 4. A square key of side d/4 is to be fitted on a shaft of diameter d and in the hub of a
pulley. If the material of the key and shaft is same and the two are to be equally
strong in shear, what is the length of the key?

5. Two plates are joined together by means of single transverse and double parallel fillet
welds. If the size of the fillet is 5 mm and allowable shear load per mm is 300 N,
what is the approximate length of each parallel fillet?

6. Match the following for List I((a) Gib head key, (b) Woodruff key, (c) Parallel key
and (d) Spine possible) to List II ((i) Self aligning, (ii) Facilitates removal (iii)
Mostly used and (iv) Axial movement).

7. Sketch the Socket and spigot collar joint and label the parts?

8. Derive the expression for failure of rods in tension of cotter joint?

9. Derive the expression of failure of cotter in shear?

10. In a gib and cotter joint, the gib and cotter are subjected to____ and______ stresses.

Five Marks Questions

1.
UNIT-5

One Mark Questions

1. What is transmission shaft?
2. What are the materials used for making transmission shafts?
3. What is manufacturing technique employed in making transmission shafts?
4. Write the shear stress induced in shaft under torque T?
5. Write the bending stress induced in shaft under bending moment M?
6. What are the methods used to design a transmission shaft?
7. Write the equation of polar moment of inertia of a hollow shaft?
8. Write the equation of polar moment of inertia of a solid shaft?
9. Distinguish axle and spindle
10. What is the need of a coupling in a machine ?
11. What is a universal coupling?
12. What is an oldham coupling?
13. Write the application of sleeve or muff coupling?
14. Write the application of clamp or compression coupling?
15. Write the application of flange coupling?
16. Write the application of universal coupling?
17. Write the application of oldhalm coupling?
18. Write the application of bushed pin coupling?
19. What is the value of outer diameter of sleeve in muff coupling?
20. What is the value of length of sleeve in muff coupling?

Two Mark Questions

1. A shaft can safely transmit 90 kW while rotating at a given speed. If this shaft is replaced
by a shaft of diameter double of the previous one and rotated at half the speed of the
previous, the transmitted power of the new shaft is__________.

2. A solid circular rod AB of diameter D and length L is fixed at both ends. A torque is
applied at a section X such that AX=L/4 and BX= 3L/4. What is the maximum shear
stress developed in the rod?
3. A member is subjected to the combined action of bending moment 400 N-m and torque
300 N-m. What are the equivalent bending moment and equivalent torque?

4. A 3 meter long steel cylinder shaft is rigidly held at its two ends. A pulley is mounted on
the shaft at 1 meter from one end; the shaft is twisted by applying torque on the pulley.
The maximum shearing stresses developed in 1 m and 2 m lengths are 1 and 2
respectively. The ratio 1: 2 is_______.

5. Two hollow shafts of the same material have the same length and outside diameter. Shaft
A has internal diameter equal to one third of the outer diameter and shaft B has internal
diameter equal to half of the outer diameter. If both the shafts are subjected to the same
torque, the ratio of their twists 1/2 will be equal to __________.

6. A circular solid shaft is subjected to bending moment of 400 kN-m and a twisting
moment of 300 kN-m. On the basis of max. Principal stress theory, the direct stress is
and according to the max. shear stress is . The ratio of / is__________.

7. The outside diameter of a hollow shaft id twice that of its inside diameter. The torque
carrying capacity of this shaft is T A. A solid shaft of the same material has the diameter
equal to the outside diameter of the hollow shaft. The solid shaft can carry a torque of T B.
The ratio of TA/TB is _________.

8. The diameter of a sold shaft is d. The inside and outside diameters of a hollow shaft of
same material and length are d/3 and 2d/3 respectively. What is the ratio of the weight
of the hollow shaft to that of the solid shaft?

9. Max. shear stress developed on the surface of solid circular shaft under pure torsion is
240 MPa. If the shaft diameter is doubled, then what is the max. shear stress developed
corresponding to the same torque?

10. Two shafts A and B are made of same material. The diameter of the shaft A is twice that
of the shaft B. The ratio of power transmitted by shaft A and shaft B is_____.

Five marks Questions

1. The internal diameter of a hollow shaft is 2/3 rd of its external diameter. Compare the
strength and stiffness of the shaft with that of a solid shaft of the same material.

2. A shaft running at 400 r.p.m. transmits 10 kW. Assuming allowable shear stress in shaft
as 40 MPa, find the diameter of the shaft.

3. A hollow steel shaft transmits 600 kW at 500 r.p.m. The maximum shear stress is 62.4
MPa. Find the outside and inside diameter of the shaft, if the outer diameter is twice of
inside diameter, assuming that the maximum torque is 20% greater than the mean torque.
4. A hollow shaft for a rotary compressor is to be designed to transmit a maximum torque of
4750 N-m. The shear stress in the shaft is limited to 50 MPa. Determine the inside and
outside diameters of the shaft, if the ratio of the inside to the outside diameter is 0.4.
5. A line shaft rotating at 200 r.p.m. is to transmit 20 kW. The allowable shear stress for the
material of the shaft is 42 MPa. If the shaft carries a central load of 900 N and is simply
supported between bearing 3 metre apart, determine the diameter of the shaft. The
maximum tensile or compressive stress is not to exceed 56 MPa.

6. The shaft and the flange of a marine engine are to be designed for flange coupling, in
which the flange is forged on the end of the shaft. The following particulars are to be
considered in the design : Power of the engine = 3 MW, Speed of the engine = 100 r.p.m.,
Permissible shear stress in bolts and shaft = 60 MPa, Number of bolts used = 8, Pitch
circle diameter of bolts = 1.6 Diameter of shaft. Find the diameter of shaft and
diameter of bolts.

7. A line shaft is driven by means of a motor placed vertically below it. The pulley on the
line shaft is 1.5 metre in diameter and has belt tensions 5.4 kN and 1.8 kN on the tight
side and slack side of the belt respectively. Both these tensions may be assumed to be
vertical. If the pulley be overhang from the shaft, the distance of the centre line of the
pulley from the centre line of the bearing being 400 mm, find the diameter of the shaft.
Assuming maximum allowable shear stress of 42 MPa.

8. A hollow shaft has greater strength and stiffness than solid shaft of same of equal weight.
Explain?
9. A solid circular shaft of diameter d is subjected to a torsional moment of T over a length
of l. The permissible angle of twist is in degrees. Prove that the shaft diameter is given
1
584Tl 4
by, d =

Gq
10. A hollow circular shaft of outer diameter and inner diameters of d0 and di respectively is
subjected to a torsional moment of T over a length of l. The permissible angle of twist is
1
584Tl 4 d
in degrees. Prove that the shaft diameter is given by, d = , where c = i
Gq ( 1 - c )


4

d0