Area 4 Description and Research Fields 2

PhD in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - 32nd cycle
Research Area n. 4 - Additive Manufacturing
Number of scholarship offered 1
Department DIPARTIMENTO DI MECCANICA
Description of the Research Area
In addition to areas 1, 2 and 3, the Doctoral Programme in Mechanical Engineering comprises a

research area devoted to the development of scientific topics characterized by a multi-
disciplinary supervision. In fact, all doctoral activities developed within area 4 foresee the
supervision of at least two faculty members, belonging to different sections of the Department.
For the 32nd cycle, this area will be devoted to Additive Manufacturing, with one available
scholarship.
Different strategic programmes (in EU1 and US2) are funding research activities on AM. In fact,
AM is nowadays considered one of the key enabling technologies to enhance industrial
competitiveness in many different industrial sectors (e.g., bio-medical and dental, aerospace,
machinery and tooling, automotive, creative industries). AM offers many competitive advantages
(e.g., shapes complexity, weight reduction, multigraded and multimaterials manufacturing,
product customization, digital production) but still presents a lot of unsolved challenges that need
appropriate research efforts and a multidisciplinary approach.
The following list provides an overview of possible research topics within this area:
Customization of sport accessories/equipment through additive manufacturing (supervisor

Braghin, Graziosi)
In-situ process monitoring and big data analysis for additive manufacturing (supervisor
Colosimo, Zappa)
Additive manufacturing of lightweight metal structures (supervisor Gobbi, Rosa, Vedani)
Additive Manufacturing and design of innovative energy absorption structures (supervisor
Manes, Colosimo, Previtali)
Stampato il 21/04/2016 1/2
AM solutions for improving adhesion in adhesive joints and polymer-metal hybrid parts
(supervisor Previtali, Bernasconi)
Extrusion based additive manufacturing of metal and ceramic parts (supervisor Strano, Giberti)
[1] Additive Manufacturing in FP7 and Horizon 2020

http://www.rm-platform.com/linkdoc/EC%20AM%20Workshop%20Report%202014.pdf
[2] Additive Manufacturing Technology: Potential Implications for U.S. Manufacturing
Competitiveness
https://www.usitc.gov/journals/Vol_VI_Article4_Additive_Manufacturing_Technology.pdf
Stampato il 21/04/2016 2/2

Research Field: IN-SITU PROCESS MONITORING AND BIG DATA ANALYSIS FOR ADDITIVE
MANUFACTURING
Monthly net income of PhDscholarship (max 36 months)

1200.0
In case of a change of the welfare rates during the three-year period, the amount could be modified.
Context of the research activity
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies for metal parts

production are experiencing an extremely rapid growth in
industry, pulled by continuous technological advances and
pushed by growing government and private investments.
Research is especially devoted to the enhancement of AM
process performances (i.e., capability, repeatability, zero-
defect manufacturing etc.) via advanced sensing and
intelligent data analysis. As a matter of fact, the
competition among AM machine tool builders and AM end
-users is being devoted to move toward smart AM
processes, where high-speed and IR in-line and off-line
Motivation and objectives of the research cameras are used to provide information and allow one to
in this field
react as soon as new problem arises, with the final goal of
limiting (or even avoiding) wastes of expensive materials
and production time. These challenging goals imply the
need to keep under control the layer-wise evolution of the
process thanks to a fast and reliable
detection/identification of defects during the process itself.
Sensor development and integration, on the one hand,
and the development of novel process monitoring
methodologies, on the other hand, represent two key
issues for innovation and competitiveness.
Methods and techniques that will be Development of new sensing solutions, real-time image-
developed and used to carry out the data analysis and industrial statistics for big data analysis
research
will be merged in order to develop new approaches for
1/3
metal AM process monitoring.
We provide doctoral candidates with high-level scientific

training, fostering and refining research and problem
solving abilities by focusing on both theoretical and
Educational objectives experimental skills. A PhD in Mechanical Engineering will
be able to layout, draft and carry on original research, by
leading a research group or working in a team.
National and international academic and non-academic

institutions and organizations, engaged in innovation,
research and technical development; high-tech SMEs,
government departments.
Possible cooperation with:
Penn State University Engineering Statistics Laboratory

Marposs - http://m.marposs.com
Job opportunities
University of Southern California (industrial
engineering)
M.I.T - The Mechanosynthesis group
MUSP laboratories www.musp.it
Harvard university (Statistitcs department)
Hong Kong university (industrial engineering)
The University of Nottingham
(https://www.nottingham.ac.uk)
1 Full Professors
1 Associated Professors
Composition of the research group 1 Assistant Professors
2 PhD Students
Name of the research directors Bianca M. Colosimo, Emanuele Zappa
Contacts
biancamaria.colosimo@polimi.it
emanuele.zappa@polimi.it
phd-dmec@polimi.it
2/3
For further information visit http://www.mecc.polimi.it/en/phd/
Additional support - Financial aid per PhD student per year (gross amount)
Housing - Foreign Students --
Housing - Out-of-town residents --

(more than 80Km out of Milano)
Additional information: educational activity, teaching assistantship, computer availability, desk availability,
any other informations
Educational activities (purchase of study books and material, funding for participation in courses,
summer schools, workshops and conferences): financial aid per PhD student per year:
2nd year: 1.370 euro per student
3rd year: 1.370 euro per student
Teaching assistantship: availability of funding in recognition of supporting teaching activities by

the PhD student. There are various forms of financial aid for activities of support to the teaching
practice. The PhD student is encouraged to take part in these activities, within the limits allowed
by the regulations.
Computer availability:
1st year: individual use
2nd year: individual use
3rd year: individual use
Desk availability:
3/3
Research Field: CUSTOMIZATION OF SPORT ACCESSORIES/EQUIPMENT THROUGH

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

1200.0
Professional athletes have started using dedicated 3D

printed custom-fit accessories/equipment designed to
improve their performance. An open question is how this
customization service can be also extended to sports-
lovers and amateurs of any age. Hence, leveraging on the
customization possibilities offered by additive
manufacturing technologies, this research aims at
promoting new sporty habits and personalised training
programs through 3D printed, custom-fitted and
Motivation and objectives of the research interactive solutions.
in this field
For further information see (last accessed 24th March,
2016):
3D printing in the sports world: how athletes stand to
gain from the new technology - www.sporttechie.com
Next-Gen Sensors Make Golf Clubs, Tennis Rackets,
and Baseball Bats Smarter Than Ever -
www.spectrum.ieee.org
A design approach will be developed to customize and 3D

print accessories/equipment with sensors/actuators
Methods and techniques that will be
developed and used to carry out the embedded. Testing campaigns will be performed to
research assess the characteristics of the 3D printed object with
respect to users training needs and anthropometric data.
1/3
The candidate will collaborate with researchers
developing their projects in the following two laboratories:
E4Sport - Engineering for Sport Laboratory; AddMe.Lab
Additive Manufacturing Laboratory
Working within a multi-disciplinary team, involving also

human and body science experts, the candidate will
acquire professional maturity on: tools/methods for
Educational objectives designing/testing; 3D printing technologies/materials and
design strategies; technologies for interaction design.
Companies interest on additive manufacturing

technologies, wearable devices and product
customization strategies is increasing rapidly. The
candidate will develop independent thinking and
leadership skills in all these topics.
List of Universities, Companies, Agencies and/or National

or International Institutions that are cooperating in the
research:
Job opportunities
Istituto di Medicina e Scienza dello Sport "Antonio
Venerando" - Dipartimento di Scienza dello Sport
University of Milano-Bicocca
Technische Universitt Berlin
University of Innsbruck
The candidate will join the Design for Additive

Manufacturing (DfAM) Special Interest Group (SIG) of the
Design Society (www.designsociety.org).
2 Full Professors
1 PhD Students
Name of the research directors Proff. Braghin, Graziosi
Contacts
2/3
serena.graziosi@polimi.it
Phone: +39 02 2399 8469
Web-page: des.mecc.polimi.it
francesco.braghin@polimi.it
Phone: +39 02 2399 8306
Web-page: mecsys.mecc.polimi.it
phd-dmec@polimi.it


by the regulations.
Desk availability:
3/3
Research Field: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND DESIGN OF INNOVATIVE ENERGY

ABSORPTION STRUCTURES

1200.0
Additive Manufacturing technologies enable the

production of parts and devices that are geometrically
complex, have graded material compositions, and can be
customized. In this scenario the design and manufacturing
of material and/or complex structure with energy
absorption characteristics can be carried out. The goal is
to design and manufacture a light weigh but high stiffness
structure that is able to absorb energy (impact, high
pressure load) also in presence of a critical environment
like high temperature. To this aim, additive manufacturing
Motivation and objectives of the research
in this field of lattice and cellular structures represents an interesting
opportunity that has to be further explored to identify
possible advantages and challenges that need to be
overcome.
Possible applications are for instance in modern car

vehicles as protection around turbocharger and batteries
but can be applied in the increase of safety of
transportations in wider terms.
Methods are related to:
Methods and techniques that will be Material design

developed and used to carry out the
research Structure optimization (analytical and numerical model)
Additive manufacturing: process optimization and quality
1/3
control
Experimental tests

Educational objectives experimental skills. A PhD in Mechanical Engineering will
be able to layout, draft and carry on original research, by
Structures/organizations aimed at innovation and/or

research and technical development, high-tech SMEs, car
and in general transportation manufacturer.
Possible cooperation with:
M.I.T. Impact and Crashworthiness Laboratory

(http://web.mit.edu/icl/)
Job opportunities
M.I.T. The Mechanosynthesis group
(http://mechanosynthesis.mit.edu)
N.T.N.U. Centre for Advanced Structural Analysis
CASA (https://www.ntnu.edu/casa)
The University of Nottingham
(https://www.nottingham.ac.uk)
1 Full Professors
6 PhD Students
Name of the research directors Proff. Manes, Colosimo, Previtali
Contacts
andrea.manes@polimi.it
02 23998630
http://www.giglio.faculty.polimi.it
biancamaria.colosimo@polimi.it
barbara.previtali@polimi.it
2/3
phd-dmec@polimi.it


by the regulations.
Desk availability:
3/3
Research Field: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF LIGHTWEIGHT METAL STRUCTURES

1200.0
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are rapidly

opening outstanding possibilities for the fabrication of
metallic functional parts and systems, but the full
exploitation of their capabilitiescompels a comprehensive
and multidisciplinary design approach. The research
activity will therefore focus on the study and the validation
of a comprehensive AM-oriented methodology for the
design of lightweight parts and systems, under specific
design constraints. The development of such approach
Motivation and objectives of the research needs a deep knowledge of static and dynamic properties
in this field
of materials and structures. The candidate will hence
develop and experimentally validate numerical and
analytical models of static and dynamic behaviour of
trabecular structures as well as of topologically optimized
parts. Besides shape, material optimization will be
pursued as well by developing particular microstructures
and crystallographic textures to confer to materials the
right balance of strength and toughness.
Guidelines and rules to design and assess lightweight

systems by integrating lattice structures and components
topology optimization techniques in an AM-oriented
developed and used to carry out the design process. Experimental characterization of dynamic
research and static properties of lightweight components and
systems by tensile, fatigue and damping tests, as well as
microstructural analyses of materials. Manufacturing of
samples, small-scale prototypes and case-study parts by
1/4
SLM system (Renishaw AM250).

experimental skills. A PhD in Mechanical Engineering will
Educational objectives be able to layout, draft and carry out original research, by
Furthermore, this research will allow the candidate to
deep a continuously and rapidly evolving technology.
The multidisciplinary and design-oriented approach to the

research has a very high added value also in terms of job
opportunities, in particular, at national and international
academic and non-academic research institutions. AM
systems manufacturer as well as any industry active in
AM field report lack of personnel having specific expertise
in this rapidly growing field. Key application areas include
precision machinery, mechatronics and transportation
industry (automotive, maritime, and aerospace).
Job opportunities List of Universities, Companies, Agencies and/or National

research:
1. Industries: BLM, Maspero, Marposs, Sapio, Titalia

2. Research Institutions: CNR IENI (LC), ITIACNR (MI),
SIG-Design for AM - Design Society
3 Full Professors
4 PhD Students
Name of the research directors Proff. Gobbi, Rosa, Vedani
Contacts
Massimiliano Gobbi
2/4
Phone:+39-02-23998214
E-mail: massimiliano.gobbi@polimi.it
Francesco Rosa
Phone:+39-02-23998275
E-mail: francesco.rosa@polimi.it
Maurizio Vedani
Phone: +39-02-23998230
E-mail: maurizio.vedani@polimi.it
phd-dmec@polimi.it


by the regulations.
3/4
Desk availability:
4/4
Research Field: EXTRUSION BASED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF METAL AND

CERAMIC PARTS

1200.0
The Department of Mechanical Engineering recently

invented and patented a new additive manufacturing
technology (called Hephstus) based on the deposition
by extrusion of a green part made by a mixture of
polymeric binder and a metal (or ceramic) powder over a
Parallel Kinematics robotic work table
(www.polimi.it/index.php?id=6247&sel_brevetto=5058)
Motivation and objectives of the research with 5 degrees of freedom. The green part is then
in this field
debinded and sintered to its final shape. A prototype
machine has been designed and built. Intense R&D work
is now required in order to improve the machine, prepare
and characterise the feedstock materials, characterise the
process and the obtained parts, develop process design
guidelines., etc.
The research is mostly experimental, and it will be

focused on the deposition technology, both from the
Methods and techniques that will be kinematics and the process points of view. The typical
developed and used to carry out the materials that will be used in the experiments are derived
research
from the Metal Injection Molding process.
The required work is inherently multi-disciplinary, as

Educational objectives competences of materials science, extrusion, process
planning and robotics must be developed by the
candidate during the phd program.
1/3
Several companies are potentially interested in the patent
and in the resuts of the invention, if we will demonstrate
that it can be used industrially. Additive manufacturing is a
continuously growing field and R&D professionals are
increasingly required in this area.

research:
Job opportunities
Femto-st (Besancon, France)

Universit degli studi di Pavia
Mimitalia (Vado Ligure, Italy)
0 Full Professors
10 PhD Students
Name of the research directors Matteo Strano, Hermes Giberti
Contacts
The research team leading this activity is composed by proff. Matteo Strano, Hermes Giberti,
Massimiliano Annoni, Nora Lecis, Francesco Rosa, Riccardo Casati, Marcello Urgo, Serena
Graziosi, Marco Tarabini, Simone Cinquemani.
matteo.strano@polimi.it
hermes.giberti@polimi.it
phd-dmec@polimi.it
2/3


by the regulations.
Desk availability:
3/3
Research Field: AM SOLUTIONS FOR IMPROVING ADHESION IN ADHESIVE JOINTS AND

POLYMER-METAL HYBRID PARTS

1200.0
The design of lightweight components often requires the

use of adhesively bonded joints or the adoption of a
polymer metal hybrid construction, where metal, load
bearing, inner structures are connected to reinforcing and
stabilizing ribs made of high-performance reinforced
polymers. The objective of this research activity is the
development of new techniques for improving the
adhesion between metals and structural adhesives, as
well between metal inserts and injection moulded
Motivation and objectives of the research
in this field polymers. AM offers new possibilities for tailoring the
surface properties and/or for producing new shapes 3D
shapes with variable density of metal parts to be bonded
using structural adhesives or to be inserted into a plastic
part obtained by injection moulding. Comparison with
traditional methods (abrasion, plasma treatment) and
alternative advanced methods like laser texturing is
planned.
Advanced manufacturing methods will be developed to

implement AM solutions able to functionalise the surface
along with the layer by layer construction.New laser-
developed and used to carry out the based processes (by combining additive and subtractive
research principles) together with advanced experimental
techniques will be adopted for the realisation and
assessment of the mechanical performances of the
bonded joints respectively. The PMH structures will also
1/3
be studied by advanced numerical modelling methods.
This research activity will provide PhD candidates first

with a solid background on the design and testing of
bonded joints and PMH parts. Moreover, the candidates
will become expert of selective laser melting and laser
Educational objectives texturing of metallic part. They will learn to conduct their
own research activity, with the opportunity to develop
innovative solutions in a multidisciplinary context.
Once concluded their research program, PhD laureates

with the skills and background acquired could find job
opportunities in the automotive, as well in any industrial
sector where advanced construction techniques are
required.

Job opportunities
research:
Leading companies manufacturing adhesives

Leading companies producing reinforced polymers
SMEs involved in mould design and injection moulding
Companies involved in the construction of adhesively
bonded structures
0 Full Professors
5 PhD Students
Name of the research directors Barbara Previtali, Andrea Bernasconi
Contacts
barbara.previtali@polimi.it
andrea.bernasconi@polimi.it
phd-dmec@polimi.it
2/3


by the regulations.
Desk availability:
3/3

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PhD in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - 32nd cycle

Research Area n. 4 - Additive Manufacturing

Number of scholarship offered 1

Department DIPARTIMENTO DI MECCANICA

Description of the Research Area

In addition to areas 1, 2 and 3, the Doctoral Programme in Mechanical Engineering comprises a

Customization of sport accessories/equipment through additive manufacturing (supervisor

[1] Additive Manufacturing in FP7 and Horizon 2020

Stampato il 21/04/2016 2/2

Research Area n. 4 - Additive Manufacturing

Monthly net income of PhDscholarship (max 36 months)

Context of the research activity

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies for metal parts

We provide doctoral candidates with high-level scientific

National and international academic and non-academic

Possible cooperation with:

Penn State University Engineering Statistics Laboratory

Housing - Foreign Students --

Housing - Out-of-town residents --

Teaching assistantship: availability of funding in recognition of supporting teaching activities by

Research Area n. 4 - Additive Manufacturing

Research Field: CUSTOMIZATION OF SPORT ACCESSORIES/EQUIPMENT THROUGH

Monthly net income of PhDscholarship (max 36 months)

Context of the research activity

Professional athletes have started using dedicated 3D

A design approach will be developed to customize and 3D

Working within a multi-disciplinary team, involving also

Companies interest on additive manufacturing

List of Universities, Companies, Agencies and/or National

The candidate will join the Design for Additive

For further information visit http://www.mecc.polimi.it/en/phd/

Housing - Foreign Students --

Housing - Out-of-town residents --

Teaching assistantship: availability of funding in recognition of supporting teaching activities by

Research Area n. 4 - Additive Manufacturing

Research Field: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND DESIGN OF INNOVATIVE ENERGY

Monthly net income of PhDscholarship (max 36 months)

Context of the research activity

Additive Manufacturing technologies enable the

Possible applications are for instance in modern car

Methods are related to:

Methods and techniques that will be Material design

We provide doctoral candidates with high-level scientific

Structures/organizations aimed at innovation and/or

Possible cooperation with:

M.I.T. Impact and Crashworthiness Laboratory

For further information visit http://www.mecc.polimi.it/en/phd/

Housing - Foreign Students --

Housing - Out-of-town residents --

Teaching assistantship: availability of funding in recognition of supporting teaching activities by

Research Area n. 4 - Additive Manufacturing

Research Field: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF LIGHTWEIGHT METAL STRUCTURES

Monthly net income of PhDscholarship (max 36 months)

Context of the research activity

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are rapidly

Guidelines and rules to design and assess lightweight

We provide doctoral candidates with high-level scientific

The multidisciplinary and design-oriented approach to the

Job opportunities List of Universities, Companies, Agencies and/or National

1. Industries: BLM, Maspero, Marposs, Sapio, Titalia

For further information visit http://www.mecc.polimi.it/en/phd/

Housing - Foreign Students --

Housing - Out-of-town residents --