Communication protocol :

Communication between electronics is like communication between humans. Both sides need to
speak the same language. In electronics, these languages are called communication protocols.

We will discuss the basics of the three most common communication protocols used in embedded
system:

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI),

Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C), and
USB

In vehicle we use special type of communication protocols as follows

CAN, LIN, FLEXRAY,MOST, KWP 2000

Media
oriented
Serial Inter Controll Local system Keyword
Universal
peripheral integrated ed area interconne FLEXRA transport protocol
serial bus
interface circuit Network ct Network Y (MOST) (KWP
(USB)
(SPI) (I2C) (CAN) (LIN) 2000)

2 wire
a single
Number 4 wire 2 wire 2 wire
2 wire line
of Wires communicatio communicatio communica 1 wire 2 channels -
serial bus called the
used n n tion
K-line

Upto 10Mbps 480 Mbps 1Mbps

10 Mbps on
Max ( Twice (USB .2) < 20Kbps 10.4 Kilo
5 Mbps each 24 Mbps
speed faster than Faster than Slow baud
channel
I2C) SPI and I2c
bidirectio
Continuous nal serial
Data Packets Packets Packets Packets Packet
stream communi
Packets cation on
Synchronous Synchronous Message Synchrono UART
Type of
serial serial oriented Synchrono us based
commun serial UART
communicatio communicatio communi us /Asynchro data link
ication
n n cation nous protocol
Maximu
m 1 master
number Multiple node
Multiple Multiple
of - master 127 64 devices -
nodes nodes
devices multiple slave 16 slave
connecte node
d
Powertrai door locks, All
SPI is used to n
talk to a (Engine, opening/cl multimedi
variety of a system
Transmis osing
peripherals, sion,
windows High speed
such ABS) Cd player
asSensors: On board
Applicat
SDRAM, DDR All kind of controlling vehicle
temperature, SDRAM, plug and power train
ion pressure, DDR2 SDRAM play device seats, seat systems, Radio diagonisti
ADC, chassis cs
position
touchscreens, electronics Display
LCD motors,
occupancy Touchscre
en
control