Measurement systems

Problem set n4

Measurement Systems
Problem set n 4
Modeling a measurement system

Exercise 1 (System order a: IR sensor)

a) We analysed the conversion of the constant radiation flux emitted in temperature () :

The following electrical correspondence can be found concerning the different

variables :
Power consumption : Current Source:
Temperature difference: () ( ) Potential : (t)
Thermal Conductance: Electrical Conductance:
1
=

Thermal capacity: Electrical capacity :

The analog electrical diagram corresponding to Figure 1

I
CT RT UT(t)

Figure 1: Analogy for electrical diagram.

The time response of the temperature ( ) can be easily deduced by the model provided
(with: () = () ( ))
() ()

+ () = = + ()

We found for (), and :

() = 1 exp( ) + ( ) with :

=

=
+ ( )

b) We find for the conversion of the temperature () with load variation ():
The tension () which is :
Measurement systems
Problem set n4

() ()
() = () =
=

By introducing the temperature response time () (see point a)), we find for the
voltage () :
() 2
() = = exp( ) with : , = 0

c) For the frequency response of the IR sensor, we obtain by applying a sinusoidal flux () :
The frequency response of the temperature change ():
() = () + ()

() = () = ()
(1+ ) (1+ )

The conversion of the radiation-temperature is low-pass type and we find the cutoff
frequency :
|Uo(j)| / |(j)|
1
= 2 = 2 = 2

The frequency response of the voltage () :

f
() = ()
fc

2
() = ()
(1+ )
Figure 2: Frequency Response IR sensor

The IR sensor is high-pass type with cutoff frequency . For example, it cant measure
a DC component. The output voltage is then, if the frequency is above the cutoff
frequency:
() = ()
Measurement systems
Problem set n4

Exercise 2 (2nd order system: accelerometer)

a) For the time-dependent response, we obtain :
The sensitivity obtained by static calibration is:

=
= 2.04 105 2

From the step response we can deduce the damping coefficient :

1
2

= 1 + = 6.9 101
1 1

The natural frequency of the system is:

= = 1.38
1 2

b) For the frequency response we find:

The response () :
()2 2
2 + + 1 () = () () = 2 2

1 +

()

The absolute value and the phase:

() 1 () 2 2
()
= and
()
=
2
=

2 2 2 1
1 +4 2

The system is of the low-pass type and the cutoff frequency is:
= 1 2 2 300