Internet (Web) of Things

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

What is the Internet of Things?
a global infrastructure for the information society,
For enabling advanced services
by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things
based on existing and evolving interoperable information and
communication technologies

A thing is an object of the physical world or the

information world (virtual thing), capable of being
identified and integrated via communication networks.

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

What is the Internet of Things?
The Internet of Things
People
Machines
Vehicles
Homes
Factories
Cities ....
.....almost anything

Interconnected and interoperating !!!

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

What is Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT isnt just about interconnectivity and interoperability..

It is also about
Data gathering
Analysis
Applications
Decision making
Control
Optimization
...............

All done at scale!!

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT Reference Model

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

The IoT World Forum Reference Model

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT Reference Model

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

 Sensors and IoT Endpoints
The Device Network

Microcontrollers

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

Sensors and IoT Endpoints (contd.)

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT Reference Model Networking Layer

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT System - Networking

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT System Networking (contd.)
WAN - Cellular networks designed for smart-phone applications are
optimized for
High speed data and voice
and therefore are expensive and power hungry.

IoT networks need to be designed for

Low speed data
and should be inexpensive and low power.

Solution: Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) optimized for IoT

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT System Networking with LPWA

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT Reference Model Service Layer

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT Reference Model Service Layer (contd.)
IoT generates a lot of data
Data is generated continuously (streaming data)..
The amount of data increases with device population
Data sources are highly distributed
Data sources are on the move
Data can become stale fairly soon
Data location will depend on deployed application
Data needs to be accurate
Data needs to be secure
Data needs to be useful .
.

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT Reference Model Service Layer (contd.)
Cloud computing
great solution when full, uninterrupted access to a cloud server capable
of processing and transmitting data quickly to the end device is available.

IoT devices have to be able to reliably perform at task even during

service interruption
i.e. localized processing and storage capability becomes increasingly
essential.
Introduced concepts of fog computing and edge computing.

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT Reference Model Service Layer (contd.)
Fog Computing
Fog Computing some preliminary computing nearer to the WAN,
instead of at the cloud.
Processing of the large volume of data is closer to the end-points.
Facilitates real-time processing and avoids data getting stale problem

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT Reference Model Service Layer (contd.)
Edge Computing

Instead of doing the bulk of processing in a centralized server, each

device on the network would play its own role in processing the
information.

Requires intelligent devices with processing power

sensors are connected to programmable automation controllers (PAC)
which handle processing, communication, etc.

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT Reference Model Service Layer (contd.)
Fog Computing vs. Edge Computing

E.g. Robotic room temperature sensor system in Smart Homes

Fog computing
a centralized fog node or IoT gateway would receive information
continuously from the temperature sensors, process that information,
and adjust the room temperature based on all sensor inputs.

Edge computing
an edge computing solution would enable each temperature sensor to
determine itself whether or not temperature is lower/higher than
room temperature and signal the adjusting mechanism.

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT Reference Model Service Layer (contd.)
IoT Data Collection System

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

 IoT Reference Model Service Layer (contd.)
IoT Data Collection System
REST APIs

MQTT - Message Queuing Telemetry Transport

a machine-to-machine (M2M)/"Internet of Things" connectivity protocol.
publish-subscribe-based "lightweight" messaging protocol
designed for connections with remote locations where the network
bandwidth is limited.

CoAP Constrained Application Protocol

Targeted for small low power sensors, switches, valves controlled or
supervised remotely over the Internet
Designed to easily translate to HTTP for simplified integration with Web
Offers multicast support, very low overhead, and simplicity (important for
IoT where devices have much less memory and power)

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT Reference Model Application Layer

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT- Real World Use Cases.
Smart Cities
Focus has been on the implementation of communication-based
technologies, primarily led by Mobile Network operators (MNO)
eGovernment

Waste Management

Intelligent Street Lighting

Smart Parking and Intelligent Travel system

Public Safety - Video Surveillance

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT- Real World Use Cases.
Smart Cities

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT- Real World Use Cases.
Automobile Industry
Towards the future Internet of Vehicles and Connected Vehicles

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT- Real World Use Cases.
Automobile Industry
Towards the future Internet of Vehicles and Connected Vehicles

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT- Real World Use Cases.
Automobile Industry
Tesla Smart Car
Networked Data, Devices and Services
Software controlled switches handle all vehicle control functions
Over-the-Air Software Updates & Patches
Add entirely new functionality to the car (e.g: Hill Start Assist )
Data feed of near real-time traffic conditions (Source: Google Maps)
Transmit vehicle status telemetry ..
The car has an API Tesla API!!!

Connected Ambulances

Smart Bus System

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16
IoT- Real World Use Cases.
Healthcare
Biomonitoring drugs, Pharmacy on a chip, Electronic pill dispensers,
electronic bottles etc
Smart watches, fitness monitors, Clinical monitoring, Home
monitoring, Kid care, Elderly care..
Accident response, Emergency evacuation procedures, Critical care
Open data via Internet of Medical Things !!

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

IoT- Real World Use Cases.
Smart Homes

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

 Information Security
Office of Budget and Finance
Education Partnership Solutions

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

Technology Roadmap for IoT

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16

Further Reading
IEEE Internet of Things Magazine "The Internet of Things: The story
so far (2016)

Al-Fuqaha, Ala, et al. "Internet of things: A survey on enabling

technologies, protocols, and applications." IEEE Communications Surveys
& Tutorials 17.4 (2015): 2347-2376.

W3C Semantic Sensor Networks

http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/XGR-ssn-20110628/

Dr. Sowmya Kamath S, Dept of IT, NITK Surathkal 3-Nov-16