PORTOFOLIO MATA KULIAH

BAHASA INGGRIS DALAM KEPERAWATAN II

KODE MATA KULIAH: BAE 112

PENULIS:
NAMA : DIAH AYU MUSTIKA
NIM : 131511133080

FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

SURABAYA
2016
Nama : Diah Ayu Mustika
NIM : 131511133080
Mata Kuliah : English In Nursing 2
Judul Tugas : Resume Dysphagia
Pertemuan Ke :
Tanggal mengumpulkan : 22 Desember 2016

Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa tugas berikut adalah hasil karya saya sendiri. Apabila dengan
sengaja terdapat kesamaan (plagiarisme) dalam pengerjaannya. Saya bersedia untuk mengulang
pengerjaan portofolio sebagaimana ditetapkan bersama dengan PJMK BAE 112.

Surabaya, 22 Desember 2016

(Diah Ayu Mustika)

NIM:131511133080

Tugas terlampir telah direview dan ditelaah

Nama Dosen Pengampu :

NIP/NIK :

Hasil Review :

Nilai Tugas (0100) :

Tanda Tangan Dosen

 DYSPHAGIA

Dysphagia is a sensation of difficulty in swallowing. Dysphagia may reflect two different

sensations or physical functions; (1) difficulty in deglutition, and (2) a sensation of the ingested
bolus sticking in the esophagus or retrosternal area. (Karger, 2014).
Dysphagia has to be distinguished from other swallowing complaints, such as globus
sensation or odynophagia. Odynophagia describes the painful swallow, as occurs in inflammatory
or tumorous diseases, of the upper aerodigestive tract (example: acute tonsilitis, peritonsilar abscess,
epiglottitis, hypopharyngeal carcinoma). Globus sensation (globus pharyngis) is a feeling of a lump
or fullness in the throat and discomfort when swallowing saliva. In contrast to dysphagia,
swallowing of food is not disturbed. The symptom mainly occurs during swallowing of saliva and
decreases or vanishes while swallowing food. (Reiser, 2012)
The etiology of dysphagia are oropharyngeal dysphagia and esophangeal dysphagia. In
young patients, oropharyngeal dysphagia is most often caused by muscle diseases, webs, or rings.
In older people, it is usually caused by central nervous system disorders, including stroke, Parkinson
disease, and dementia.
The risk factor for dysphagia are aging and certain health condition. Due to natural aging
and normal wear and tear on the esophagus and a greater risk of certain conditions, such as stroke
or Parkinson's disease, older adults are at higher risk of swallowing difficulties. People with certain
neurological or nervous system disorders are more likely to experience difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia is brought on by neural or solid issue that meddle with the oropharyngeal
(intentional) period of gulping (oropharyngeal dysphagia). Common causes are dermatomyositis (a
muscle malady) and neurologic impairments created by cerebrovascular mishaps, Parkinson
sickness, multiple sclerosis, solid dystrophy, or achalasia.
The treatment of patients with swallowing disorders should be individualized. The
symptoms along with the physical and emotional impact upon quality of life should be assessed and
considered in the development of a treatment strategy. To date, relatively small numbers of well-
controlled clinical trials have been conducted. Therefore, experience, rather than analysis of data, is
often the basis for treatment.
The nursing diagnoses that recently build up for dysphagia, consist of acute pain, impaired
swallowing related to weakness or paralysis of the swallowing muscles, imbalanced nutrition: less
than body requirements related to inadequate intake, risk for aspiration related to impaired
swallowing, feeding self-care deficit.