Foundation

Contents
CONTENTS...................................................................................................................... 1
PART 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION................................................................11
1.1 OVERVIEW............................................................................................................... 12
1.1.1 LOCATION.........................................................................................................12
1.1.2 Scope................................................................................................................... 12
1.2 Function of building...................................................................................................14

1.2.1 Basement:............................................................................................................14
1.2.2 Floor over ground................................................................................................15
1.3 NATURAL CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTIC IN HO CHI MINH CITY..................15

1.2.1 Nhit ...............................................................................................................16
1.2.2 Bc x mt tri....................................................................................................17
1.2.3 m..................................................................................................................17
1.2.4 My...................................................................................................................... 18
1.2.5 Gi....................................................................................................................... 19
1.2.6 ng biu kin mt tri.....................................................................................20
PART 2: ARCHITECTURE...................................................................................21
2.1 SOLUTION 1: DESIGNING CAFETERIA ON TERRACE.....................................22

2.1.1 Status of building................................................................................................22
2.1.2 Selecting solution................................................................................................22
2.1.3 Idea for design.....................................................................................................23
2.1.4 Result...................................................................................................................24
Page 1
2.2 SOLUTION 2: DESIGNING LOUVER SYSTEM....................................................27
2.2.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................27
2.2.2 Phn tch chn h lam..........................................................................................27
PART 3: PART III. ENERGY.................................................................................39
3.1 GENERAL ENERGY OF E-TOWN CENTRAL BUILDING...................................40

3.1.1 The Faade systems.............................................................................................40
3.1.2 The louver systems..............................................................................................44
3.1.3 H thng iu ha khng kh...............................................................................50
......................................................................................................................................... 57
3.2 THE ENERGY PROBLEM OF E -TOWN BUILDING............................................65

3.2.1 The Faade systems.............................................................................................65
3.2.2 The louver system................................................................................................66
3.3 THE LOUVER SYSTEM DETAILED DESIGN.......................................................67

3.3.1 The louver............................................................................................................ 67
3.3.2 Calculate cooling load.........................................................................................67
3.3.3 Hiu qu kinh t khi p dng h lam...................................................................67
PART 4: PART IV: SUPERSTRUCTURE.............................................................68
4.1 GETTING STARTED................................................................................................69

4.1.1 Reference standard and annex.............................................................................69
4.1.2 Design life...........................................................................................................69
4.1.3 Environmental condition.....................................................................................69
4.1.4 Fire resistance and durability...............................................................................70
4.1.4 Material properties...............................................................................................72
4.1.5 Loads and Actions...............................................................................................75
Page 2
4.1 PRELIMINARY DESIGN.........................................................................................76
4.1.1 Analysis of the solutions......................................................................................76
4.1.5 S liu s b........................................................................................................81
4.1.6 Khong cch b tr thp.......................................................................................84
4.1 THIT K CHI TIT H DM SN TNG IN HNH......................................85

4.1.6 Thit k sn d ng lc.......................................................................................85
4.1.7 Thit k sn sn BTCT......................................................................................85
4.3 SO SNH CH TIU KINH T................................................................................85

4.3.1 So snh tnh kinh t ca 2 phng n thit k sn...............................................85
4.3.2 Chn phng n ti u........................................................................................85
4.4 THIT K CHI TIT KT CU CT BTCT...........................................................85

4.4.1 mnh, cp chng chy v n nh ct............................................................85
4.4.2 Thit k ct BTCT...............................................................................................85
PART 5: FOUNDATION.........................................................................................86
5.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................. 87
5.1.1 Geological records...............................................................................................87
5.1.2 Phng n mng................................................................................................100
5.2 PREMILINARY DESIGN.......................................................................................103

5.2.1 Material.............................................................................................................103
5.2.2 Bored pile and pile cap......................................................................................103
5.2.3 Retainin wall and Shoring system......................................................................104
5.3 BORED PILE DESIGN...........................................................................................105

5.3.1 Bearing resistance of single pile........................................................................105
5.3.2 Pile group..........................................................................................................125
5.3.3 Designing pile foundation for column C2..........................................................126
Page 3
5.3.4 Designing pile foundation for core....................................................................144
5.5 Construction method of the basement......................................................................160

5.5.1 Construction sequence of the basement.............................................................160
5.5.2 Design sequence................................................................................................164
5.5.3 SELECTING MODEL......................................................................................165
5.5.4 DETERMINATING INPUT DATA...................................................................166
5.5.5 Load...................................................................................................................174
5.5.6 Crictical section.................................................................................................175
5.5.7 Designing retaining wall....................................................................................176
5.5.8 Opening and shoring system layout...................................................................184
5.5.9 Bearing resistance of kingspot...........................................................................186
Page 4
Table Content
Table 5.1 Hole Pits and SPT values..................................................................................89

Table 5.2 Hole Pits and SPT values (continued)...............................................................90
Table 5.5 Physical properties of soil layers......................................................................93
Table 5.6 Physical properties of soil layers (continued)...................................................94
Table 5.7 Physical properties of soil layers (continued)...................................................95
Table 5.8 Soil layers and SPT value N30 taken from the hole 5.......................................96
Table 5.9 Shaft resistance according to DA1-1..............................................................105
Table 5.10 Shaft resistance according to DA1-2............................................................108
Table 5.11 Shaft resistance according to DA2................................................................111
Table 5.12 Shaft resistance according to DA3................................................................114
Table 5.13 Partial factor for the base (b) and shaft (s) resistance..................................116
Table 5.14 Value of fi according to Meyerhof................................................................117
Table 5.15 Value of fc,i and fs,i according to DA1-1, DA1-2, DA2........................119
Table 5.16 Value fc,i and fs,i according to DA3................................................................120
Table 5.17 Bearing resistance according to AIJ..............................................................121
Table 5.18 Result of bearing resistance of a single bored pile (D1000)..........................121
Table 5.19 Partial factors on action or the effect of actions............................................123
Table 5.20 Internal force................................................................................................123
Table 5.21 Reaction at head of pile with DA1-1, DA2, DA3.........................................124
Table 5.22 Reaction at head of pile with DA1-2............................................................124
Table 5.23 Nombre of pile..............................................................................................125
Table 5.24 Verification of bearing resistance of single pile............................................126
Table 5.25 Verification of bearing resistance of pile group............................................127
Table 5.26 Immediate settlement for layers....................................................................130
Table 5.27 Consolidation settlement for layers..............................................................131
Page 5
Table 5.28 Consolidation settlement..............................................................................131
Table 5.29 Reaction force at head of pile.......................................................................132
Table 5.30 Value of moment My(z)................................................................................135
Table 5.31 Value of shear force......................................................................................136
Table 5.32 Value of horizontal deplacement...................................................................137
Table 5.33 Value of horizontal pressure.........................................................................138
Table 5.34 Partial factors on action or the effect of actions............................................141
Table 5.36 Nombre of pile..............................................................................................142
Table 5.37 Verification of bearing resistance of single pile............................................145
Table 5.38 Verification of bearing resistance of pile group............................................146
Table 5.39 Immediate settlement....................................................................................147
Table 5.40 Consolidation settlement..............................................................................147
Table 5.41 Reinforcement for pile foundation at core....................................................149
Table 5.42 Value of moment My(z).................................................................................151
Table 5.43 Value of shear force Vy(z).............................................................................152
Table 5.44 Value of horizontal pressure '(z).................................................................153
Table 5.45 Value of horizontal deplacement y(z)...........................................................154
Table 5.46 Triaxial shear UU test of layer 1...................................................................163
Table 5.47 Value of consolidated compression test at layer 1.........................................165
Table 5.48 Value of Eoed in layer 1.................................................................................166
Table 5.49 Value of Eoed in layer 1.................................................................................167

Table 5.50 Value of X factor and Y factor......................................................................167
Table 5.51 Reference value of Rinter................................................................................168
Table 5.52 Value of Rinter for layers.................................................................................169
Table 5.53 Input data for PLAXIS model.......................................................................170
Table 5.54 Moment envelope in section 1-1...................................................................174
Table 5.55 Horizontal deplacement of Section I-I..........................................................175
Page 6
Table 5.56 Vertical reinforcement..................................................................................179
Table 5.57 Dimesion of kingspot....................................................................................183
Table 5.58 Horizontal force at Section 1-1.....................................................................185
Table 5.60Value of calculated length of kingspot...........................................................188
Table 5.61 Verification of ressistance of kingspot at phase 4.........................................189
Table 5.62 Verification of resistance of kingspot at phase 6...........................................190
Table 5.63 Verification of resistance of kingspot at phase 8...........................................191
Table 5.64 Verification of stability of kingspot at phase 4..............................................195
Table 5.67 Verification of stability of kingspot at phase 10............................................198
Page 7
Figure content
Figure 1.1 Etown Central site location.............................................................................12
Figure 1.2 The overall perspective...................................................................................13
Figure 1.3Vertical section.................................................................................................13
Figure 1.4 B1 Basement floor plane.................................................................................14
Figure 1.5 Typical floor plane..........................................................................................15
Figure 1.6 Dry buld temperature in Ho Chi Minh city.....................................................16
Figure 1.7 Wet buld temperature in Ho Chi Minh city.....................................................16
Figure 1.8 Direct solar radiation intensity in Ho Chi Minh city.......................................17
Figure 1.9 Relative humidity in Ho Chi Minh city...........................................................17
Figure 1.10 Cloud cover in Ho Chi Minh city..................................................................18
Figure 1.11 Wind frequency (Hrs) in Ho Chi Minh city...................................................19
Figure 1.12 Sun path diagram in Ho Chi Minh city.........................................................20
Figure 2.1 Layout plan.....................................................................................................24
Figure 2.2 Birds eye view...............................................................................................25
Figure 2.3 Perspective inside............................................................................................26
Figure 2.4 Daily conditions in Ho Chi Minh city.............................................................28
Figure 2.5.........................................................................................................................34
Figure 5.1 Site map of survey sites..................................................................................88
Figure 5.2 Notes of the geological section of the construction.........................................89
Figure 5.3 Geological section of the construction II II.................................................90
Figure 5.4 Geological section of the construction II II (continued)..............................90
Figure 5.5 Pile dimension...............................................................................................103
Figure 5.6 Angle of internal friction according to Berezantsev......................................106
Figure 5.7 Adhesion factors for piles driven to deep penetration into clays...................121
Figure 5.8 Pile layout plan.............................................................................................125
Figure 5.9 Pile layout for column C2.............................................................................128
Figure 5.10 Load distribution beneath pile group in layered soil formation...................131
Page 8
Figure 5.11 Influence factors for calculating immediate settlements of flexible
foundations of width B at depth D below ground surface..............................................132
Figure 5.12 Calculation of mean vertical stress at depth z beneath rectangular area ab on
surface loaded at uniform pressure q..............................................................................133
Figure 5.13 Depth factor d for calculating oedometer settlements................................134
Figure 5.14 Punching shear layout.................................................................................136
Figure 5.15 Relationship between moment My(z) and depth z......................................138
Figure 5.16 Relationship between shear force and depth z.............................................139
Figure 5.17 Relationship between horizontal deplacement and depth z.........................140
Figure 5.18 Relationship between horizontal pressure and depth z................................141
Figure 5.19 Column design chart for circular column....................................................142
Figure 5.20 Pile layout for core......................................................................................145
Figure 5.21 Maximum value of axial reaction according to DA1-2..............................147
Figure 5.22 Maximum value of axial reaction according to DA1-1, DA2, DA3...........148
Figure 5.23 Envelop moment Mmax ,Mmin following to X axis........................................151
Figure 5.24 Envelop moment Mmax ,Mmin following to Y axis........................................151
Figure 5.25 Relationship between moment My(z) and depth z.......................................154
Figure 5.26 Relationship between shear force Vy(z)and depth z....................................155
Figure 5.27 Relationship between horizontal pressure '(z) and depth z.......................156
Figure 5.28 Relationship between horizontal deplacement and depth z.........................157
Figure 5.29 Column design chart for circular column....................................................158
Figure 5.30 Construction sequence................................................................................162
Figure 5.31Hardening Soil model..................................................................................165
Figure 5.32 Relationship between stress and deformation.............................................167
Figure 5.33 Relationship between stress and deformation.............................................169
Figure 5.34 Relationship between X factor and Y factor................................................171
Figure 5.35 Load layout plan.........................................................................................174
Figure 5.36 Critical Section 1-1.....................................................................................175
Figure 5.37 Moment envelope........................................................................................181
Page 9
Figure 5.38 Coefficient of stability from PLAXIS model..............................................183
Figure 5.39 Opening and kingpost system layout at basement floor B1.........................184
Figure 5.40 Opening and kingpost system layout at basement floor B1.........................184
Figure 5.41 Opening and kingpost system layout at basement floor B3, B4, B5............185
Figure 5.42 Shoring system layout at excavation pile cap..............................................185
Figure 5.43 Kingspot layout plan...................................................................................187
Page 10
Final project: Etown Central Office Building
PART 1: FOUNDATION
Page 11
5.1 GENERAL
5.1.1 Geological records
5.1.1.1Soil profile
The geological survey area, the land cover of the soil layers:
Page 12
Figure 5.1Site map of survey sites
Page 13
Figure 5.2Notesof the geological section of the construction
Page 14
Figure 5.3Geological section of the constructionII II
Figure 5.4Geological section of the constructionII II (continued)
Page 15
Figure 5. 5Geological section of the constructionIII III
Figure 5. 5Geological section of the constructionIII III (continued)
Page 16
Table 5.1Hole Pits and SPT values
Page 17
Table 5.2Hole Pits and SPT values (continued)
Page 18
Page 19
Page 20
Table 5.5Physical properties of soil layers

ST
Gi tr c l Gi tr i din ca cc lp t
T
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6a)
Gravel: 2.0 - 20,0 (mm) - 8.2 0,7 3.5 11.2 -
Sand: 0,05 - 2.0 (mm) 14.4
1 Dust: 0,005 - 0,05 (mm) 39.6 8.9 14.7 6.6 5.1 12.1
Clay <0,005 (mm) 46.0 23.6 53.7 12.9 5.8 73.4
2 Natural moisture, W (%) 79.9 25.5 28.9 18.4 16.9 28.2
3 3 1.50 1.93 1.94 1.92 1.94 1.96
Bulk unit weight,w (g/cm )
4 3 0,84 1.54 1.51 1.63 1.66 1.53
Dry unit weight, c (g/cm )
5 Submerged unit weight, sub 0,51 0,97 0,95 1.02 1.03 0,97
3
(g/cm )
6 Density, 2.62 2.68 2.71 2.67 2.67 2.72
7 Initial void ratio, eo 2.149 0,740 0,803 0,643 0,612 0,779
8 Porosity, n (%) 68 43 45 39 38 44
9 Degree of saturation, G0 (%) 97 92 98 76 74 98
10 Liquid limit, WL (%) 67.1 30,8 43.9 21.6 - 51.2
11 Plastic limit, WP (%) 37.2 18.1 22.8 15.8 - 27.4
12 Plasticity index, IP (%) 29.9 12.7 21.1 5.8 - 23.8
13 Liquidity index, B 1.42 0,58 0,29 0,45 - 0,03
14 Direct shear: (degree) 40' 22 41' 24 08 49'
' ' '
c (kg/cm )
2 0,140 0,219 0,088 0,032
15 Compression index, av 0,031 0,020 0,018 0,015
2
(cm /kg)
Compression modulus, E0 33.81 35.78 65.55 86.80
2
(kg/cm )
16 Unconsolidated-undrained 26.74 88.52 - -
force (UU), cuu (kPa)
Unconsolidated-undrained 37' 08' 10' - - 14'
inner friction angle (UU),uu
(degree)
17 Consolidated-undrained force 11.78 - - 8.56 7.71 -
(CU): ccu (kPa)
ccu (kPa) 13.73 - - 11.71 10,69 -
18 Consolidated-undrained inner 54 - - 05 32 -
friction angle (CU):uu ' ' '
(degree)
uu 50 - - 17 00 -
(degree) ' ' '
19 Preconsolidation pressure, c 42.6 - 137.0 142.0 186.0 -
(kPa)
Coefficient of vertical 0,156 - 0,439 0,469 0,619 -
-3 2
consolidation, Cv x 10 (cm /s)
Page 21
Coefficient of vertical 0,083 - 0,033 0,020 0,020 -

-7
permeability, Kv x 10 (cm/s)
20 Ultimate net bearing capacity, 16.33 52.69 149.5 - - 385.96
qu (kPa) 0
21 Standard bearing pressure, Ro 0,64 2.00 2.94 2.52 3.45 3.80

2
(kg/cm )
Table 5.6Physical properties of soil layers (continued)

ST
T
(6b) (6) (6c) (7) (8a) (8)
Sn si: 2.0 - 20,0 (mm) - 1.9 - - - 0,2
Ct: 0,05 - 2.0 (mm) 88.8 81.2 88.5 33.5 48.3 22.3
1
Bi: 0,005 - 0,05 (mm) 5.2 7.0 6.1 38.1 30,5 22.7
St <0,005 (mm) 6.0 9.9 5.4 28.4 21.2 53.8
2 m t nhin, W (%) 18.0 18.2 17.7 27.3 26.3 20,0
3
3 Dung trng t nhin,w (g/cm ) 1.95 1.94 1.95 1.91 1.95 2.01
3
4 Dung trng kh, c (g/cm ) 1.65 1.64 1.66 1.50 1.54 1.68
3
5 Dung trng y ni sub (g/cm ) 1.03 1.02 1.04 0,94 0,97 1.06
6 T trng, 2.67 2.67 2.67 2.68 2.68 2.71
7 H s rng ban u, eo 0,616 0,629 0,612 0,785 0,737 0,618
8 rng, n (%) 38 39 38 44 43 38
9 bo ha, G0 (%) 78 77 77 93 96 87
10 Gii hn chy, WL (%) - 20,4 - 38.2 35.3 45.9
11 Gii hn do, WP (%) - 15.4 - 20,5 19.9 23.9
- 5.0 - 17.7 15.4 22.0
12 Ch s do, IP (%)
13 st, B - 0,57 - 0,38 0,41 -0,18
Ct trc tip: () 36 56 06
52' 55' 04'
14 ' ' '
2
c (kg/cm ) 0,034 0,074 0,035 0,195 0,176 0,400
2
H s nn ln, av (cm /kg) 0,017 0,017 0,016 0,022 0,027 0,013
15 Modun tng bin dng, E0
2 75.11 69.50 79.05 32.00 39.08 49.52
(kg/cm )
230,7
Lc dnh kt (UU), cuu (kPa) - - - 64.22 40,49
4
16
Gc ma st trong (UU),uu
- - - 51' 07' 20'
()
Lc dnh kt (CU): ccu (kPa) - 9.44 8.15 23.99 - 35.39
17
ccu (kPa) - 11.41 12.13 21.33 - 34.99
Gc ma st trong (CU):uu 49 30
- 25' - 57'
() ' '
18
uu 05 52
- 06' - 55'
() ' '
Page 22
p lc tin c kt, c (kPa) - 213.8 - 304.0 314.0 498.5

-3
H s nn c kt, Cv x 10
2 - 0,447 - 0,318 0,307 0,513
19 (cm /s)
-7
H s thm c kt, Kv x 10
- 0,010 - 0,016 0,016 0,013
(cm/s)
Cng khng nn mt trc 125.7 122.2 422.9
20 - 23.53 -
n hng, qu (kPa) 5 7 3
p lc tnh ton qui c, Ro
21 2 3.38 3.01 3.28 2.66 2.56 4.52
(kg/cm )
Table 5.7Physical properties of soil layers (continued)

ST
T
(9) (10a) (10b) (10) (10c) (11)
Sn si: 2.0 - 20,0 (mm) 5.8 2.1 7.3 1.5 - 4.2
Ct: 0,05 - 2.0 (mm) 66.0 85.9 80,4 81.1 23.9 85.8
1
Bi: 0,005 - 0,05 (mm) 10,1 7.2 7.1 7.8 30,0 4.9
St <0,005 (mm) 18.1 4.8 5.2 9.6 46.1 5.1
2 m t nhin, W (%) 19.9 15.2 16.9 19.3 20,4 15.6
3
3 Dung trng t nhin,w (g/cm ) 1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 2.00 1.97
3
4 Dung trng kh, c (g/cm ) 1.65 1.71 1.69 1.65 1.66 1.70
3
5 Dung trng y ni sub (g/cm ) 1.04 1.07 1.05 1.03 1.05 1.06
6 T trng, 2.68 2.66 2.67 2.66 2.71 2.67
7 H s rng ban u, eo 0,622 0,555 0,581 0,612 0,628 0,564
8 rng, n (%) 38 36 37 38 39 36
9 bo ha, G0 (%) 86 73 78 84 88 74
10 Gii hn chy, WL (%) 27.9 - - 21.5 43.5 -
11 Gii hn do, WP (%) 17.8 - - 16.0 22.9 -
12 Ch s do, IP (%) 10,1 - - 5.5 20,6 -
13 st, B 0,21 - - 0,60 -0,12 -
04' 42 06 13 45
Ct trc tip: () 05'
14 ' ' ' '
2
c (kg/cm ) 0,029 0,029 0,086 0,353 0,028
2
H s nn ln, av (cm /kg) 0,014 0,015 0,017 0,014 0,015
15 Modun tng bin dng, E0
2 87.66 82.91 69.00 47.97 82.40
(kg/cm )
213.9
Lc dnh kt (UU), cuu (kPa) - - - -
4
16
Gc ma st trong (UU),uu
51' - - - 26' -
()
Lc dnh kt (CU): ccu (kPa) - - - 9.50 - 8.07
17
ccu (kPa) - - - 12.83 - 9.49
Gc ma st trong (CU):uu 05 59
18 - - - -
() ' '
Page 23
uu 45 19
- - - -
() ' '
p lc tin c kt, c (kPa) - 611.0 - 698.7 - -
-3
H s nn c kt, Cv x 10
2 - 0,459 - 0,423 - -
19 cm /s)
-7
H s thm c kt, Kv x 10
- 0,006 - 0,005 - -
(cm/s)
Cng khng nn mt trc 420,7
20 147.97 - - 21.33 -
n hng, qu (kPa) 5
p lc tnh ton qui c, Ro
21 2 3.22 3.94 3.54 3.04 4.67 6.00
(kg/cm )
Table 5.8Soil layers and SPT value N30 taken from the hole 5
Tn su B dy
STT c im N30
lp (m) (m)
1 San lp B tng, t, san lp 0,0 1.3 1.3 -
2 1 Bn st, st nho 1.3 9.6 8.3 0
3 3 St, st do cng 9.6 11.7 2.1 11
11.7
4 4 ct, st do 5.8 11
17.5
Ct th va th, trng thi 17.5
5 5 4.0 12
cht va 21.5
21.5
6 6 ct, st do 9.9 14
33.5
St, st na cng (thu 23.2
7 6a 2.1 13
knh) 25.3
Ct th va, trng thi cht va 32.5
8 6b 2.0 18
(thu knh) 34.5
33.5
9 6c Ct th va, trng thi cht va 3.5 15
37.0
37.0
10 7 St, st do cng 2.1 12
39.1
11 8b St, st na cng 2.6 22
39.1
12 8 St, st cng 12.4 42
51.5
st, st do cng na 51.5
13 9 2.1 19
cng 53.6
14 10 ct, st do 53.6 80+ 24.4+ 40+
Ct th va th, trng thi 63.5
15 10b 2.0 37
cht va (thu knh) 65.5
77.8
16 10c St, st cng 1.2 60
79.0
Page 24
5.1.1.2 Preliminary comments and recommendations

From soil layer 1 to layer 7, the soil is weak, clay, plastic, very low strength and has
a big thickness (35 m thick) so when designing the foundation as well as measuring
the diaphragm of the construction, we should pay attention to this class.
For medium load construction, it is recommended to select from layer 8 to clay,
hard layer thickness: medium to high load resistance (> 400 kPa) and thickness
(thicker than 12 m) Therefore, it is appropriate to design bored pile foundation
because the soil layer has small compact, stable distribution. The stake should be 42.0
m or less.
For medium to large loads, it is recommended to use layer (10): sandy, plastic or
layer (11): medium rough - very tight, to design large diameter bored pile foundation.
The recommended pile tip is 60.0 m or less.
Depending on the work load, the depth of the pile is different when designing pile
foundation. Here the geological data of the drill hole 5 are taken into account because
the hole 5 is located near the core and near the center of the work, where the density
of the pile foundation is concentrated.
5.1.2 Phng n mng

In this thesis, Students design the foundation consists of 2 parts: bored pile design and
construction method basement.
5.1.2.1 Bored pile

5.1.2.1.1 General
Bored piles are concrete cast-in-place poured in holes drilled or drilled in the
ground which horizontal section is usually round. Bored piles may not have reinforced
steel when the load of the work only cause stresses in the pile. In case of
reinforcement steel requirement due to horizontal load or compressive load along with
concrete, the actual reinforcement is currently not cut but stretched throughout the
length of the pile.
5.1.2.1.2Advantages and disadvantages of bored piles
No
Advantages Disadvantages
.
1 No shocking High cost, complicated construction techniques
High load carrying capacity, The process of quality check pile is complex
2
suitable for weak geology.
The small amount of steel in Friction on the side of the pile can be
3 the pile significantly reduced compared to the pile and
press.
Page 25
5.1.2.2Construction method of basement

Due to the construction work in the residential area, the site is relatively narrow,
with relatively large excavation depths and relatively weak geologic areas (mud layer
more than 37 m thick). It is not feasible to install a small section of laser or solier pile
for retaining walls during construction because the option is barrette reinforced
concrete wall for retaining walls during construction and for tunnel walls later.
The semi-topdown construction method was selected to ensure safety during
construction because the depth of the excavation was quite large and the geology of
this area was rather weak. This solution solves the barrier system thoroughly because
the use of the floor structure of the structure to support this system is highly stable.
Limiting the impact on subsidence, cracking, sliding to many neighboring buildings.
Implementation is fast but high technical cost is high.
5.1.2.2.1General
The semi - topdown construction method, which is the technology of underground
construction of tall buildings, by the top down method, is different from bottom - up
construction method.
In semi- topdown technology, the retaining structure is the diaphragm and girder
floor system. In order to construct the basements, the walls surrounding the building
and bored piles must first be constructed. Subsequently, the construction of the
basement from the top down, during the excavation went to the floor and the basement
girder constructed above works as a barrier system.
In some cases the ground floor is higher than the natural ground. Then the ground
floor is constructed by the bottom up method, digging the ground down then the
formwork, scaffolding to the ground floor construction. When the ground floor is
finished the rest will be constructed by semi-topdown method.
The concrete bored piles under the foundation are only applied to the foundation
base and then placed the kingpost on the bored pile, which is the main bearing
structure during the basement process.
The excavation process in the basement uses small-sized excavators to move easily
and the soil is removed through openings.
After finishing the floor and the foundation we have to patch the open holes and
construct the structure above.
Page 26
5.1.2.2.2Advantages and disadvantages of semi-topdown construction method

No Advantages Disadvantages
.
1 Applying for works with many The connection between the
basements, big digging depth diaphragm wall, floor, beam is
difficult to execute
2 Space saving, suitable for inserts Complex basement column system,
complex calculations
3 Ensure safety because of the stable Difficult mechanization
wall support
4 Save formwork, scaffolding against Impact on workers health due to
floor beams closed cellar. Must ensure ventilation
and lighting.
5 Constructed ground floor first, reduce Requires high construction
the influence of the weather experience
6 Quickly meet the construction Engineering and construction costs
schedule are high
7 Save on costs
8 Limit sinking of adjacent buildings
Page 27
5.2 PREMILINARY DESIGN

5.2.1 Material
Concrete: C30/37
- Specify weight density: = 25kN/m2.
- Characteristic compressive cylinder strenghth: fck= 30103 kN/m2.
- Characteristic axial tensile strength: fctk= 1,3103 kN/m2.
- Modul of elasticity: Eb = 3.45107 kN/m2.
ReinforcementAIII( 10mm)
- Design yield strength: fy = 390103 kN/m2.
- Modul of elasticity: Es = 21107 kN/m2.
ReinforcementAI(< 10mm)
- Design yield strength: fy = 235103 kN/m2.
- Modul of elasticity: Es = 21107 kN/m2.

5.2.2Bored pile and pile cap
Pile dimension
Page 28
Figure 5.5 Pile dimension

- Perimeter of pile: 0,314m
- Area of pile: 0,71 m2
- Diameter: 1m
- Depth of base: -64,5m
- Length Lp: 46,9m
Pile cap dimension
- Length of pile in cap: 0,9m
- Height: 2m
- Depth of base: -18,6m
5.2.3 Retainin wall and Shoring system

Retaining wall: reinforcement concrete
- Thickness: 1m
- Length: 45m
Shoring system: Steel CT3 H400x400x25x25
- Axial stiffness: EA = 6.038x106 kN/m
- Mean of spacing: l = 10.6m
Page 29
5.3BORED PILE DESIGN

5.3.1 Bearing resistance of single pile
5.3.1.1Bored pile designed from material
Piles material resistance:
f cd
Rbk = A c + f yd A s
kf
Where:
fcd: design value of concrete compressive strength
fyd: design yield strength of reinforcement
kf: material coefficenceof concrete
According to EN1990 Basic of structural design, kf = 1,1
As: Area of reinforcement of 16
As = 16 x x162/4 = 3217 mm2
Ac: Area of concrete:
Ac = d2/4 As = (1000 50)2 / 4 3217 = 0,71mm2
Piles material resistance:

30
Rbk =( 705605+3903217 )103 =20334 kN
1 .1
5.3.1.2Bored pile designed fromsoil parameters

5.3.1.2.1Design approach DA1-1
Combination of set of partial factors: A1 + M1 + R1
Partial factor for design resistanceRd = 1,5

1

c =
1
1
Partial factors for soil parameter: cu
b
1, 25
=
Partial resistance factors for bored piles: s 1

Base resistance
Page 30
Base of pile is in layer 10, angle of shearing resistance = 28,080
Stress in depth of base
Total vertical stress:
vk ,b = 15 8, 3 + 19, 4 2,1 + 19, 2 5,8 + 19, 4 (4 + 1, 7) + 19, 6 2,1

+19, 4 8, 2 + 19, 5 3, 5 + 19,1 2,1 + 20,1 12, 4 + 19,8 2,1 + 19, 7 (9, 9 + 2 + 1, 02)
= 1241kPa
Pore water pressure:
ub = ( 64,5 + 0,97 ) 10 = 654, 7 kPa
Vertical effective stress:
vk ,b = vk ,b - ub = 1241 654, 7 = 586, 4kPa
According to Berezantsev, angle of shearing resistance = 28,080, =>Nq =19,46
Figure 5.6 Angle of internal friction according to Berezantsev

Characteristic base resistance:
Rbk =

Ab = [ (19, 46 + 1) 1241 + 654, 72 ] 0, 71 = 6624kN
( N q +)vk' ,b + ub
Rd 1,5
Design base resistance
Rbk 6624
Rbd = = = 5299kN
b 1, 25
Shaft resistance
Coefficient of effective cohesion(According toDM 7- US Army Corps of
Engineers):=0,8
At layer5:
Page 31
=25,53o => Nq = 13,3
Nq 13,3
Ks = = = 0, 27
=> 50 50
Total vertical stressat base of pile cap:
vk ,1 = 337,1kPa
Vertical effective stressat base of pile cap:
'vk ,1 = vk ,1 - u1 = 337,1 195, 7 = 141, 4kPa
Vertical effective stressat base of layer5:
'vk ,2 = 149, 7 kPa
Vertical effective stress for design:
'vk = 0,5 ( 141, 4 + 149, 7 ) = 146kPa
Friction between 2 layers:
t = c + K s 'vk tan
= 0,8 7, 71 + 0, 27 146 tan ( 25, 53o ) = 25kPa
Shaft resistance for layer 5
tAs 2 25 (0,88 3,141)

Rsk 2 = = = 45kN
Rd 1,5
Do the same calculation for other layers:
Page 32
Table 5.9Shaft resistance according to DA1-1

ng sut Ma st n
Chiu As xung Gc ma Lc dnh H s p hu hiu v gia SCT c
Lp
M t su quanh st c lc ngang H s gia lp trng Rsk,j
t
m m2 kPa Ks 'vk,ave tave kN
kN/m2 kN/m2
5 Ct 0.88 2.76 25.53 7.71 0.27 0.13 146 25 45
6 ct 1.7 5.34 26.82 9.44 0.34 0.17 158 35 124
6A St 2.1 6.60 4.23 162.27 0.04 0.00 176 130 573
6 ct 8.2 25.76 26.82 9.44 0.34 0.17 224 46 793
6C Ct 3.5 11.00 28.5 8.15 0.42 0.23 280 70 511
7 St 2.1 6.60 12.42 23.99 0.12 0.03 306 27 120
8 St 12.4 38.96 16.95 35.39 0.16 0.05 378 47 1222
9 st 2.1 6.60 7.85 79.11 0.08 0.01 451 68 299
10 ct 9.9 31.10 28.08 9.5 0.39 0.21 509 113 2349
10b Ct 2 6.28 28.1 2.9 0.39 0.21 567 120 505
10 ct 1.02 3.20 28.08 9.5 0.39 0.21 581 128 274
Page 33
Characteristic value of the shaft resistance of a pile:
Rsk = Rsk ,i = 6814kN
Design value of the shaft resistance of a pile:
Rsk 6814
Rsd = = = 6814kN
s 1
Design value of bearing resistance of a pile:
Rd = Rbd + Rsd = 5299 + 6814 = 12113kN
5.3.1.2.2Design approach DA1-2

1

c =
1
1
b
1, 6
=
Partial resistance factors for bored piles: s 1,3

Base resistance
Stress at depth of base
vk ,b = 15 8, 3 + 19, 4 2,1 + 19, 2 5,8 + 19, 4 (4 + 1, 7) + 19, 6 2,1

+19, 4 8, 2 + 19, 5 3, 5 + 19,1 2,1 + 20,1 12, 4 + 19,8 2,1 + 19, 7 (9, 9 + 2 + 1, 02)
= 1241kPa
ub = ( 64,5 + 0,97 ) 10 = 654, 7 kPa
Page 34
vk ,b = vk ,b - ub = 1241 654, 7 = 586, 4kPa
According to Berezantsev, angle of shearing resistance cc = 28,080, =>Nq =19,46

Characteristic base resistance
Rbk =

Ab = [ (19, 46 + 1) 1241 + 654, 72 ] 0, 71 = 6624kN
( N q +)vk' ,b + ub
Rd 1,5
Rbk 6621
Rbd = = = 4140kN
b 1, 6
Page 35
Table 5.10Shaft resistance according to DA1-2

ng sut Ma st n
Lp
t
kN/m2 kN/m2
5 Ct 0.88 2.76 25.53 7.7 0.27 0.13 145.56 24.62 45.4
6 ct 1.7 5.34 26.82 9.4 0.34 0.17 157.69 34.70 123.5
6A St 2.1 6.60 4.23 162.3 0.04 0.00 175.76 130.34 573.3
6 ct 8.2 25.76 26.82 9.4 0.34 0.17 224.38 46.18 793.0
6C Ct 3.5 11.00 28.5 8.2 0.42 0.23 279.55 69.66 510.6
7 St 2.1 6.60 12.42 24.0 0.12 0.03 305.73 27.22 119.7
8 St 12.4 38.96 16.95 35.4 0.16 0.05 377.90 47.05 1222.0
9 st 2.1 6.60 7.85 79.1 0.08 0.01 450.81 67.97 299.0
10 ct 9.9 31.10 28.08 9.5 0.39 0.21 509.12 113.29 2349.0
10b Ct 2 6.28 28.1 2.9 0.39 0.21 566.83 120.48 504.7
10 ct 1.02 3.20 28.08 9.5 0.39 0.21 581.48 128.31 274.1
Page 36
Rsk 6814
Rsd = = = 5241kN
s 1,3
Rd = Rbd + Rsd = 4140 + 5241 = 9382kN
5.3.1.2.3Design approachDA2

1

c =
1
1
b
1,1
=
Partial resistance factors for bored piles: s 1,1

Base resistance
vk ,b = 15 8, 3 + 19, 4 2,1 + 19, 2 5,8 + 19, 4 (4 + 1, 7) + 19, 6 2,1

+19, 4 8, 2 + 19, 5 3, 5 + 19,1 2,1 + 20,1 12, 4 + 19,8 2,1 + 19, 7 (9,9 + 2 + 1, 02)
= 1241kPa
ub = ( 64,5 + 0,97 ) 10 = 654, 7 kPa
vk ,b = vk ,b - ub = 1241 654, 7 = 586, 4kPa

According to Berezantsev, angle of shearing resistance = 28,080, =>Nq =19,46
Page 37
Rbk =

Ab = [ (19, 46 + 1) 1241 + 654, 72 ] 0, 71 = 6624kN
( N q +)vk' ,b + ub
Rd 1,5

Rbk 6624
Rbd = = = 6022kN
b 1,1
Page 38
Table 5.11Shaft resistance according to DA2

ng sut Ma st n
Lp
t
kN/m2 kN/m2
5 Ct 0.88 2.76 25.53 7.71 0.27 0.13 145.56 24.62 45.38
6 ct 1.7 5.34 26.82 9.44 0.34 0.17 157.69 34.70 123.54
6A St 2.1 6.60 4.23 162.27 0.04 0.00 175.76 130.34 573.28
6 ct 8.2 25.76 26.82 9.44 0.34 0.17 224.38 46.18 793.03
6C Ct 3.5 11.00 28.5 8.15 0.42 0.23 279.55 69.66 510.64
7 St 2.1 6.60 12.42 23.99 0.12 0.03 305.73 27.22 119.72
8 St 12.4 38.96 16.95 35.39 0.16 0.05 377.90 47.05 1222.00
9 st 2.1 6.60 7.85 79.11 0.08 0.01 450.81 67.97 298.96
10 ct 9.9 31.10 28.08 9.5 0.39 0.21 509.12 113.29 2349.02
10b Ct 2 6.28 28.1 2.9 0.39 0.21 566.83 120.48 504.66
10 ct 1.02 3.20 28.08 9.5 0.39 0.21 581.48 128.31 274.11
Page 39
Rsk 6814
Rsd = = = 6195kN
s 1,1
Design value of bearing resistance of a pile
Rd = Rbd + Rsd = 6022 + 6814 = 12217 kN
5.3.1.2.4Design approach DA3
1, 25

c =
1, 25
1, 4
b
1
=
Partial resistance factors for bored piles: s 1

Characteristic value of soil:
cuk tan ( k )
cud = ; d = tan -1
cu

Base resistance
Page 40
vk ,b = 15 8, 3 + 19, 4 2,1 + 19, 2 5,8 + 19, 4 (4 + 1, 7) + 19, 6 2,1
+19, 4 8, 2 + 19, 5 3, 5 + 19,1 2,1 + 20,1 12, 4 + 19,8 2,1 + 19, 7 (9, 9 + 2 + 1, 02)
= 1241kPa
ub = ( 64,5 + 0,97 ) 10 = 654, 7 kPa
vk ,b = vk ,b - ub = 1241 654, 7 = 586, 4kPa
According to Berezantsev, design value of angle of shearing resistance
tan ( k ) tan ( 28, 080 )

d = tan -1
= tan
-1
= 23,110
,

=>Nq =11,09
Rbk =

Ab = [ (11, 09 + 1) 1241 + 654, 72 ] 0, 71 = 4056kN
( N q +)'vk ,b + ub
Rd 1,5
Rbk 4056
Rbd = = = 4056kN
b 1
Page 41
Table 5.12Shaft resistance according to DA3

ng sut Ma st n
Lp
t
kN/m2 kN/m2
5 Ct 0.88 2.76 20.91 5.51 0.20 0.077 146 16 29
6 ct 1.7 5.34 22.02 6.74 0.21 0.086 158 19 67
6A St 2.1 6.60 3.39 115.91 0.03 0.002 176 93 409
6 ct 8.2 25.76 22.02 6.74 0.21 0.086 224 25 422
6C Ct 3.5 11.00 23.48 5.82 0.23 0.098 280 32 235
7 St 2.1 6.60 9.99 17.14 0.10 0.017 306 19 83
8 St 12.4 38.96 13.70 25.28 0.13 0.032 378 32 840
9 st 2.1 6.60 6.29 56.51 0.06 0.007 451 48 212
10 ct 9.9 31.10 23.11 6.79 0.22 0.095 509 54 1112
10b Ct 2 6.28 23.13 2.07 0.22 0.095 567 55 232
10 ct 1.02 3.20 23.11 6.79 0.22 0.095 581 60 129
Page 42
Rsk 3771
Rsd = = = 3771kN
s 1
Rd = Rbd + Rsd = 4056 + 3771 = 7827 kN
Page 43
5.3.1.3Bored pile designed from SPT test
5.3.1.3.1 Bearing resistance of bored pile according to Meyerhof
Bearing resistance from SPT test:
qb A b u f i l i
Rcu = +
b s
where :
- b, s: partial factor for the base and shaft resistance of bored pile
Table 5.13Partial factor for the base (b) and shaft (s) resistance
DA1-1 DA1-2 DA2 DA3
Partial factor for base
1.25 1.6 1.1 1
b
Partial factor for shaft
1 1.3 1.1 1
s
-
Ab, u: area and perimeter of a pile
-
qb: base resistance of soil below the base of pile
-
fi: shaft resistance of soil in layer i
-
li: length of pile in layer i
According to Meyerhof:
qb = k1 N p
f i = k 2 N s ,i
k1 : coefficient dependent on type of pile
k1 = 120 for bored pile
Np
:average value of SPT value with 4d below and 1d above the base.
k2 : coefficient dependent on type of pile
k2 = 2 for bored pile
N s ,i
:average value of value SPT in layer i
Base of pile in layer 10 sand, design value of base resistance:
Page 44
29+34+51+ 47
q b =k 1 N p =120 =41 .25=4950 kN /m2
4
Table 5.14Value of fi according to Meyerhof

su
Nsi
Tn trung Li
Loi t su (SPT k2 fi fiLi
lp bnh z (m)
)
(m)
- - 1
-19.6 2 12 1 24
Ct cht 18.6 20.6 2
5
va - - 1
-21.05 0.9 13 1 11.7
20.6 21.5 3
- - 1
-22.5 2 12 1 24
21.5 23.5 2
- - 1
-24.5 2 13 1 26
23.5 25.5 3
- -
6 ct -26.5 2 11 1 11 22
25.5 27.5
- - 1
-28.5 2 10 1 20
27.5 29.5 0
- -
-30.5 2 9 1 9 18
29.5 31.5
- - 1
-32.5 2 10 1 20
31.5 33.5 0
Ct cht - - 1
6c -34.5 2 15 1 30
va 33.5 35.5 5
- 1
-37 -36.25 1.5 15 1 22.5
35.5 5
St do -
7 -37 -38.05 2.1 8 1 8 16.8
cng 39.1
- - 5
-40.1 2 54 1 108
39.1 41.1 4
- - 4
-42.1 2 44 1 88
41.1 43.1 4
- - 3
-44.1 2 36 1 72
43.1 45.1 6
- - 3
8 St cng -46.1 2 37 1 74
45.1 47.1 7
- - 4
-48.1 2 49 1 98
47.1 49.1 9
- - 4
-50.1 2 42 1 84
49.1 51.1 2
- - 4
-51.3 0.4 42 1 16.8
51.1 51.5 2
9 st - - -52.3 1.6 19 1 1 30.4
Page 45
51.5
53.1 9
-- 1
-53.35 0.5 19 1 9.5
53.1
53.6 9
-- 2
-54.6 2 27 1 54
53.6
55.6 7
-- 2
-56.6 2 29 1 58
55.6
57.6 9
-- 3
-58.6 2 30 1 60
57.6
59.6 0
10 ct
-- 4
-60.6 2 40 1 80
59.6
61.6 0
-- 4
-62.6 2 41 1 82
61.6
63.6 1
-- 2
-64.05 0.9 29 1 26.1
63.6
64.5 9
ufiLi (kN) 4432.7
Bearing resistance according to Meyerholf:
DA1-1 DA1-2 DA2 DA3

qb A b u f i l i 8529. 9382.
Rcu = + (kN ) 8392.7 7526
b s 7 1
5.3.1.3.2 Bearing capacity of bored pile according to Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ)
Bearing capacity of bored pile according to AIJ:
q b A b u ( f c ,i lc ,i + f s, i ls ,i )
Rc ,u = +
b s
where:
- b, s: partial factor for the base and shaft resistance of bored pile
-
Ab, u: area and perimeter of a pile
-
qb: base resistance of soil below the base of pile
For bored pile: qb = 150 Np = 150 x 36 = 5400 kN/m2
With Np: average value of value SPT with 1d below and 4d above the base
Page 46
-
lc,i, ls,i: length of pile in clay and silt layernombre i
-
fc,i, fs,ishaft resistance of pile in clay and silt layer nombre i
10 N s ,i
f s ,i = f c, i= p f L c u, i
3
;
+ Ns,i: average value of value SPT in silt layer nombre i

+ Cu,i: undrained cohesive in silt layer nombre i
+ p, fL: coefficient determined by Semple & Rigden (1984):
Figure 5.7Adhesion factors for piles driven to deep penetration into clays
Page 47
Table 5.15 Value of fc,i and fs,i according to DA1-1, DA1-2, DA2
N
Tn su trung Li Cng khng ct
Loi t su (SPT fs,i fc,i fs,ils,i+fc,ilc,i
lp bnh z (m) (m) khng thot nc (cu)
)
-18.6 -20.6 -19.6 2 12 40 80.0
5 Ct cht va
-20.6 -21.5 -21.05 0.9 13 43.3 39.0
-21.5 -23.5 -22.5 2 12 40 80.0
-23.5 -25.5 -24.5 2 13 43.3 86.7
6 ct -25.5 -27.5 -26.5 2 11 36.7 73.3
-27.5 -29.5 -28.5 2 10 33.3 66.7
-29.5 -31.5 -30.5 2 9 30 60.0
-31.5 -33.5 -32.5 2 10 33.3 66.7
6c Ct cht va -33.5 -35.5 -34.5 2 15 50 100.0
-35.5 -37 -36.25 1.5 15 50 75.0
7 St do cng -37 -39.1 -38.05 2.1 64.22 8 64.22 134.9
-39.1 -41.1 -40.1 2 230.74 54 230.74 461.5
-41.1 -43.1 -42.1 2 230.74 44 230.74 461.5
-43.1 -45.1 -44.1 2 230.74 36 230.74 461.5
8 St cng -45.1 -47.1 -46.1 2 230.74 37 230.74 461.5
-47.1 -49.1 -48.1 2 230.74 49 230.74 461.5
-49.1 -51.1 -50.1 2 230.74 42 230.74 461.5
-51.1 -51.5 -51.3 0.4 230.74 42 230.74 92.3
-51.5 -53.1 -52.3 1.6 79.11 19 79.11 126.6
9 st
-53.1 -53.6 -53.35 0.5 79.11 19 79.11 39.6
-53.6 -55.6 -54.6 2 27 90 180.0
-55.6 -57.6 -56.6 2 29 96.7 193.3
-57.6 -59.6 -58.6 2 30 100 200.0
10 ct
-59.6 -61.6 -60.6 2 40 133 266.7
-61.6 -63.6 -62.6 2 41 137 273.3
-63.6 -64.5 -64.05 0.9 29 96.7 87.0
fs,ils,i+fc,ilc,i 5098.8
Page 48
Table 5.16Value fc,i and fs,i according to DA3

N
Tn su trung Li Cng khng ct
Loi t su (SPT fs,i fc,i fs,ils,i+fc,ilc,i
lp bnh z (m) (m) khng thot nc (cu)
)
-18.6 -20.6 -19.6 2 12 40 80.0
5 Ct cht va
-20.6 -21.5 -21.05 0.9 13 43.3 39.0
-21.5 -23.5 -22.5 2 12 40 80.0
-23.5 -25.5 -24.5 2 13 43.3 86.7
6 ct -25.5 -27.5 -26.5 2 11 36.7 73.3
-27.5 -29.5 -28.5 2 10 33.3 66.7
-29.5 -31.5 -30.5 2 9 30 60.0
-31.5 -33.5 -32.5 2 10 33.3 66.7
6c Ct cht va -33.5 -35.5 -34.5 2 15 50 100.0
-35.5 -37 -36.25 1.5 15 50 75.0
7 St do cng -37 -39.1 -38.05 2.1 45.9 8 64.22 96.3
-39.1 -41.1 -40.1 2 164.8 54 230.74 329.6
-41.1 -43.1 -42.1 2 164.8 44 230.74 329.6
-43.1 -45.1 -44.1 2 164.8 36 230.74 329.6
8 St cng -45.1 -47.1 -46.1 2 164.8 37 230.74 329.6
-47.1 -49.1 -48.1 2 164.8 49 230.74 329.6
-49.1 -51.1 -50.1 2 164.8 42 230.74 329.6
-51.1 -51.5 -51.3 0.4 164.8 42 230.74 65.9
-51.5 -53.1 -52.3 1.6 56.5 19 79.11 90.4
9 st
-53.1 -53.6 -53.35 0.5 56.5 19 79.11 28.3
-53.6 -55.6 -54.6 2 27 90 180.0
-55.6 -57.6 -56.6 2 29 96.7 193.3
-57.6 -59.6 -58.6 2 30 100 200.0
10 ct
-59.6 -61.6 -60.6 2 40 133 266.7
-61.6 -63.6 -62.6 2 41 137 273.3
-63.6 -64.5 -64.05 0.9 29 96.7 87.0
fs,ils,i+fc,ilc,i 4186.4
Page 49
Table 5.17Bearing resistance according to AIJ

DA1-1 DA1-2 DA2 DA3
qb A b u f i l i 9543. 9586.
Rcu = + (kN ) 9418.4 7296.1
b s 6 4
5.3.1.4 Result of bearing resistance
Table 5.18Result of bearing resistance of a single bored pile (D1000)

Design value
SPT
Design of bearing
Material Soil
approach resistance
Meyerhof AIJ
[kN]
DA1-1 Rcd,1-1 7814 9418 12113
DA1-2 Rcd,1-2 6048 7296 9382
20334
DA2 Rcd,2 8529 9543 12217
DA3 Rcd,3 9382 9586 7827
Page 50
5.3.2 Pile group
Figure 5.8Pile layout plan
Page 51
5.3.3 Designing pile foundation for column C2
5.3.3.1 Load
Self-weight:
W Gk = ck D2 /4L=25 12 /445 , 6=895 , 4 kN
Design load:
Ed = G (G k +W Gk )+ Q Qk
All load was designed for infavourable case:
Table 5.19Partial factors on action or the effect of actions

DA1-1 DA1-2 DA2 DA3
Permanent Load G G 1,35 1 1,35 1,35
Variable Load Q Q 1,5 1,3 1,5 1,5
Table 5.20Internal force

Case Combinatio DA1-1 DA1-2 DA2 DA3
n
Vmax Comb.4 18349 2438 2438
24389 9 9
Mxmax Comb.5 11,52 3,07 11,52 11,52
Mymax Comb.2 52,56 16,90 52,56 52,56
Hxmax Comb.2 54,02 38,24 54,02 54,02
Hymax Comb.5 12,01 9,48 12,01 12,01
Compressive force to pile cap:
24389 + 4358 DA1 - 1; DA2; DA3
28748
Fd = N Ed + WG , d = =

18349 + 3309
21658 DA1 - 2
Moment at the base of pile cap
11,52 + 54, 02 2
119, 6
M tt
x = M xtt + Vxtt H d = =
79,5
3, 07 + 38, 24 2
(kN .m)

52,56 + 12, 21 2
77, 0
M tt
y = M ytt + Vxtt H d = =
16,9 + 9, 48 2 35,9
(kN .m)

Axial force at head of pile
Pi tt
=
N tt

( M ) y ( M ) x
tt
x i
tt
y i
n y i
2
x 2
i
Page 52
Table 5.21Reaction at head of pile with DA1-1, DA2, DA3
xi yi xi2 yi2 Pi
Pile
[m] [m] [m2] [m2] [kN]
1 -1.5 1.5 7194.00
2 1.5 1.5 7219.65
9 9
3 1.5 -1.5 7179.80
4 -1.5 -1.5 7154.14
Table 5.22Reaction at head of pile with DA1-2

xi yi xi2 yi2 Pi
Pile
[m] [m] [m2] [m2] [kN]
1 -1.5 1.5 5421.70

2 1.5 1.5 5433.65
9 9
3 1.5 -1.5 5407.13
4 -1.5 -1.5 5395.18
5.3.3.2 Calculating quantity of pile, layouting pile

5.3.3.2Quantity of pile
Quantity of pile is estimated:

N Ed
n=
Rcd
where:
n: nombre of pile
NEd: Design value of load
Rcd: Design value of bearing resistance
Coefficient of effect of pile group
Suppose: = 1
Table 5.23Nombre of pile

Design Design value of Design value of nombre
approach load NEd bearing
resistance Rcd
Page 53
[kN] [kN]
DA1-1 24389 7814 3.12
DA1-2 18349 6048 3.02
DA2 24389 8529 2.94
DA3 24389 9382 2.83
Choose n =4.
5.3.3.2Pile layout
Figure 5.9Pile layout for column C2
5.3.3.3 Verification of bearing resistance

5.3.3.3.1 Verification of bearing resistance of single pile
Table 5.24 Verification of bearing resistance of single pile

Fdmax Rcd
Design
Check
approach
[kN] [kN]
DA1-1 7220 7814

DA1-2 5434 6048
Page 54
DA2 7220 8529
DA3 7220 9382
5.3.3.3.2 Verification of bearing resistance of pile group

Effection of pile group according to Converse-Labarre
(n - 1) n2 + ( n2 - 1) n1
d
h = 1 - arctg 1
s 90n1n2
where:
n1: nombre of row
n2: nombre of column
= arctan(d/s)
where:
d: diameter
s: distance between 2 pile
1
=1arctan ( )
3 [
(21 )2+(21)2
9022
=0 .79 ]
Bearing resistance of pile group:
Q group =nQ Rd
where:
n: nombre of pile
QRd: design value of bearing resistance
: effection of pile group Converse-Labarre
Table 5.25Verification of bearing resistance of pile group

Fdmax Qgroup
Design
Check
approach
[kN] [kN]
DA1-1 24389 24692
Page 55
DA1-2 18349 19111
DA2 24389 26951
DA3 24389 29647
5.3.3.4Verification of settlement
Depth of base of pile group = 2/3D = 2/3 48,9 = 32,6 m from base of pile cap
Depth of base of pile group is in layer 9
Dimension of pile group(square pile group)
a = 4 + [1/4(32,6 2)2] = 19,3 m
Figure 5.10Load distribution beneath pile group in layered soil formation

5.3.3.4.1Immediate settlement
Layer 9
Height of pile group: h = 2,1 m

Compression force from superstructure: F = 17542 kN
Selfweight of pile and pile cap:
Page 56
2 12
5
2 + 4 32, 6
WG , d = 25 4 + ( 9,85 8, 65 - 1,3 1,1) 5
+ ( 9,85 8, 65 - 5 ) 1

2

= 7022kN
Weight of soil replaced:
12
Ws = 4 (10, 3 0,88 + 10, 2 1, 7 + 9, 7 2,1 + 10, 2 8, 2 + 10, 4 3,5
4
+9, 4 2,1 + 10, 6 12, 4 + 10, 4 2,1)
+52 2 10,3 = 2002kN
Net foundation pressure:
qn = ( 17542 + 7022 2002 ) / 19, 32 = 60, 6 kN / m 2
Determine influence factors 1, 0 according to M. Tomlinson
Figure 5.11Influence factors for calculating immediate settlements of flexible

foundations of width Bat depth D below ground surface
H/B = 2,1 / 19,3 = 0,11
L/B = 1 1 = 0,02
Page 57
D/B = 30,6/ 10,3 = 1,60 = 0,92
qn B 0, 02 0,92 60, 6 19,3

ri = 1 0 = = 3, 94mm
Immediate settlement: Eu 15030
Page 58
Table 5.26Immediate settlement for layers

Chiu
B WG,d Wsoil qn ri
Lp dy 1 0
[m] [m] [kN] [kN] [kN/m2] [mm]
9 2.10 19.30 7022 2002 60.6 0.02 0.92 3.94
10 26.4 35.75 7271 3344 16.8 0.10 0.92 6.66
Tng ln [mm] 10.6
5.3.3.4.2Consolidation settlement
Layer9:
Depth of middle of laeyer: D = 47,8 + 11,6/2 = 53,6m
Determine stress at the middle of
L/B = 1; z/B = 1,05/19,3= 0,054 z/q = 0,9
Thus, z = 0,9q = 0,9 60, 6 = 54,54kPa
Consolidation settlement at middle of layer 9:
roed = a0zH = 1,910-454,541,05103 = 10,88 mm
Figure 5.12Calculation of mean vertical stress at depth z beneath rectangular

area ab onsurface loaded at uniform pressure q
Page 59
Table 5.27Consolidation settlement for layers

Laye H z B qn z a0
z/B z/qn
r [m] [m] [m] [kN/m2] [kN/m2] [m2 /kN]
0.05
9 2.10 1.05 19.3 0.90 60.6 54.54 1.910-4
4
35.7
10 26.4 15.3 0.43 0.55 16.8 9.240 1.710-4
5
Xc nh h s su d
Figure 5.13Depth factor d for calculating oedometer settlements

LB / D = 19,32 / 48,9 = 0,395 = 0,6
d
Consolidation settlement:
rc = 0,8,10,88 = 5,22 mm
Table 5.28Consolidation settlement

roed LB / D d rc Sum
[mm] [m] [mm] [mm]
10.88 19.3 0.40 0.60 5.22
16.12
20.73 35.75 0.73 0.67 10.90
Total settlement r = ri + rc = 10,6 + 16,12 = 26,72 mm <rsls = 50 mm
=>Satisfied
Page 60
5.3.3.5Designing pile cap
5.3.3.5.1Designing reinforcement
Table 5.29Reaction force at head of pile

xi yi xi2 yi2 Pi
Pile
[m] [m] [m2] [m2] [kN]
1 -1.5 1.5 7194
2 1.5 1.5 7220
9 9
3 1.5 -1.5 7180
4 -1.5 -1.5 7154
Flexural moment at column:
M = (P1 + P2) 0,95 = (7194 + 7220)0,95 = 13693 kNm
Tnh ton ct thp chu un (b h = 5000 2000 mm)
Choose a = 200mm h0 = 1,8 m
M 13693
K= = = 0, 028 < K ' = 0,168
bd f ck 5 1,8 30 10
2 2 3
single reinforcement
Lever arm:
d 1,8
z= 1 + 1 - 3,53K
= 1 + 1 - 3,53 0, 028
2 2
= 1, 75m > 0, 95d = 1, 71m
Area of reinforcement:
M 13693
As = = 106 = 18367 mm2 = 3673, 4mm 2 / m
f yd z 426 10 1, 75
3
Choose25a100 (As = 4909 mm2/m).
Page 61
5.3.3.5.2Verification punching shear resistance for pile cap
Figure 5.14Punching shear layout

The punching shear resistance per unit area VRd:
vRd = CRd ,c k ( 100 r f ck )

1/ 3
2d / a
= 0,12 1, 33 ( 100 0, 0027 30 )
1/ 3
2 1800 / 720 = 1, 6 MPa
Design value of punching shear force per unit area:
VEd 24389
vEd = = = 1334kPa = 1,334 MPa
ud 2,54 4 1,8
vRd =1,6 MPa > vEd = 1,334MPa (Satisfied)

5.3.3.5.3 Verification shear resistance for pile cap
Design value of shear forceVEd =7194 + 7220= 11414 kN
Design value of shear resistance:
VEd VRd ,max = 0, 5 bw d v f cd

f ck 30
v = 0, 6 1- = 0, 6
1- = 0,528
250 250
VRd ,max = 0, 5 bw d v f cd = 0,5 5 1,8 0,528 17 103
= 40392kN
VEd VRd ,max
So (Satisfied)
Page 62
5.3.3.6Verification of horizontal resistance
We select the Winkler platform to test piles bearing horizontal loads. According to
this model, the ground around the pile is considered as a linear elastic. The soil around
the pile is replaced by anti-horizontal alignment and is represented by individual
independent springs of equal length and hardness equal to the conventional basis
Verification horizontal resistance include: verify horizontal deplacement, momen,
shear force, horizontal stress following the depth z.
Calculate ratio L/T to consider:
L 5T :long pile
L 2T :short pile
At depth z:
HT 3 MT 2
y ( z ) = Ay + By
horizontal deplacement: EI EI
HT 2 MT
q ( z ) = Aq + Bq
angle of rotation: EI EI
H M
' ( z ) = Ap + BP 2
horizontal pressure: T T
M
V ( z ) = Av H + Bv
shear force: T
M y ( z ) = Am HT + Bm M
Momen:
Coefficient of stiffness of bored pile:
D4 14
EI = E = 31106 = 1521709kNm 2
64 64
bc = d + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 m
EI 3358991
T= 5 =5 = 2, 63
Kbc 6000 1,8
L 46,9
zmax = = = 17,8
T 2, 63 long pile
H = 151, 6 / 4 = 37,91kN
Horizontal load:
Page 63
Table 5.30Value of moment My(z)
ze z Am Bm My(z)
0 0.0 0 1 75.8
0.1 -0.3 0.1 1 85.8
0.2 -0.5 0.198 0.999 95.5
0.3 -0.8 0.291 0.994 104.4
0.4 -1.1 0.379 0.987 112.7
0.5 -1.3 0.459 0.976 119.8
0.6 -1.6 0.532 0.96 125.9
0.7 -1.8 0.595 0.939 130.6
0.8 -2.1 0.649 0.914 134.1
0.9 -2.4 0.693 0.885 136.3
1 -2.6 0.727 0.852 137.2
1.2 -3.2 0.767 0.775 135.3
1.4 -3.7 0.772 0.688 129.2
1.6 -4.2 0.746 0.594 119.5
1.8 -4.7 0.696 0.498 107.3
2 -5.3 0.628 0.404 93.3
3 -7.9 0.225 0.059 26.9
4 -10.5 0 -0.042 -3.2
5 -13.2 -0.033 -0.026 -5.3
Figure 5.15Relationship between moment My(z) and depth z
Page 64
Table 5.31Value of shear force

ze z Av Bv Vy(z)
0 0 1 0 37.9
0.1 -0.3 0.989 -0.007 37.3
0.2 -0.5 0.956 -0.028 35.4
0.3 -0.8 0.906 -0.058 32.7
0.4 -1.1 0.84 -0.095 29.1
0.5 -1.3 0.764 -0.137 25.0
0.6 -1.6 0.677 -0.181 20.5
0.7 -1.8 0.585 -0.226 15.7
0.8 -2.1 0.489 -0.27 10.8
0.9 -2.4 0.392 -0.312 5.9
1 -2.6 0.295 -0.35 1.1
1.2 -3.2 0.109 -0.414 -7.8
1.4 -3.7 -0.056 -0.456 -15.2
1.6 -4.2 -0.193 -0.477 -21.0
1.8 -4.7 -0.298 -0.476 -25.0
2 -5.3 -0.371 -0.456 -27.2
3 -7.9 -0.349 -0.213 -19.4
4 -10.5 -0.106 0.017 -3.5
5 -13.2 0.015 0.029 1.4
Figure 5.16Relationship between shear force and depth z
Page 65
Table 5.32Value of horizontal deplacement

ze z Ap Bp '(z)
0 0 0 0 0
0.1 -0.3 -0.227 -0.145 -1.6
0.2 -0.5 -0.422 -0.259 -2.8
0.3 -0.8 -0.586 -0.343 -3.7
0.4 -1.1 -0.718 -0.401 -4.4
0.5 -1.3 -0.822 -0.436 -4.8
0.6 -1.6 -0.897 -0.451 -4.9
0.7 -1.8 -0.947 -0.449 -4.9
0.8 -2.1 -0.973 -0.432 -4.7
0.9 -2.4 -0.997 -0.403 -4.4
1 -2.6 -0.962 -0.364 -4.0
1.2 -3.2 -0.885 -0.268 -2.9
1.4 -3.7 -0.761 -0.157 -1.7
1.6 -4.2 -0.609 -0.047 -0.5
1.8 -4.7 -0.445 0.054 0.6
2 -5.3 -0.283 0.14 1.5
3 -7.9 0.226 0.368 4.0
4 -10.5 0.201 0.112 1.2
5 -13.2 0.046 0.002 0.0
Figure 5.17Relationship between horizontal deplacement and depth z
Page 66
Table 5.33Value of horizontal pressure

ze z Ay By y(z)
0 0.0 2.435 1.623 1.7
0.1 -0.3 2.273 1.453 1.5
0.2 -0.5 2.112 1.293 1.4
0.3 -0.8 1.952 1.143 1.3
0.4 -1.1 1.796 1.003 1.2
0.5 -1.3 1.644 0.873 1.1
0.6 -1.6 1.496 0.752 0.9
0.7 -1.8 1.353 0.642 0.8
0.8 -2.1 1.216 0.54 0.7
0.9 -2.4 1.086 0.448 0.6
1 -2.6 0.962 0.364 0.6
1.2 -3.2 0.738 0.223 0.4
1.4 -3.7 0.544 0.112 0.3
1.6 -4.2 0.381 0.029 0.2
1.8 -4.7 0.247 -0.03 0.1
2 -5.3 0.142 -0.07 0.0
3 -7.9 -0.075 -0.089 -0.1
4 -10.5 -0.05 -0.028 0.0
5 -13.2 -0.009 0 0.0
Figure 5.18Relationship between horizontal pressure and depth z
Page 67
5.3.3.6.1 Verification of horizontal pressure:
4
y = 4, 9kPa h1h 2
cos I
( y ' tan I + x cI )
4
= 10, 25 o
(149, 7 tan(23, 53o ) + 0, 6 10,8) = 125 kPa
cos(23, 53 )
Satisfied
5.3.3.6.2 Verification of horizontal deplacement

y = 1, 7 mm < 10mm
Satisfied
5.3.3.6.3Verification of flexural moment
Suppose the axis distance for reinforced concrete bored pile: a = 100 mm
d = 1000 2100 = 800 mm (d/h = 0,8)
Maximum design value of momentMEdmax = 137,2 kNm
Maximum design value of axial force NEdmax = 7220 kN
=> (MEdmax, NEdmax) = (137,2 kNm, 7220 kN)
Figure 5.19Column design chart for circular column

N Ed 7220
n= 2 = 2 = 0,51
h f cd 1 14, 2 10
3

M Ed 137, 2
K = 3 = 3 = 0, 0097
h f cd 1 14, 2 10 3
As f yd 3217 10 -6 390 103 / 1,15

2 = = 0, 064
h f cd 12 17 103
Look up the chart with:
Page 68
The point falls inside the section
16d16is satisfied
5.3.3.6.4Verification of shear force
VEdmax = 37,9 kN
VEd 37,9
n Ed = = 2 = 37,9kPa
Design value of shear stress: d2 1
200 200
k = 1+ = 1+ = 1, 45
d 1000
n min = 0, 035k 3/ 2 f ck1/ 2 = 0, 035 1, 453/ 2 251/ 2 = 0,30 MPa = 300kPa
nEd<nmin->no shear reinforcement required
choose reinforcement stirrup: ad200
Page 69
5.3.4 Designing pile foundation for core
5.3.4.1 Load
Self-weight:
W Gk = ck D2 /4L=25 1,82 / 445 , 6=2901, 1 kN
Design load:
Ed = G (G k +W Gk )+ Q Qk
All load was designed for infavourable case:
Table 5.34Partial factors on action or the effect of actions

DA1-1 DA1-2 DA2 DA3
Permanent Load G G 1,35 1 1,35 1,35
Variable Load Q Q 1,5 1,3 1,5 1,5
Table 5.35Internal force

Case Combinatio DA1-1 DA1-2 DA2 DA3
n
Vmax Comb.4 57650 42702 57650 57650
9 6 9 9
Mxmax Comb.5 84364 62405 84364 84364
Mymax Comb.2 30398 20744 30398 30398
7 5 7 7
Hxmax Comb.2 1623 1076 1623 1623
Hymax Comb.5 177 129 177 177
5.3.4.2 Calculating quantity of pile, layouting pile

5.3.4.2.1Quantity of pile
Quantity of pile is estimated:
N Ed
n=
Rcd
where:
n: nombre of pile
NEd: Design value of load
Rcd: Design value of bearing resistance
Coefficient of effect of pile group
Page 70
Suppose: = 1
Table 5.36Nombre of pile

Design value of
Design value of
Design bearing
load NEd nombre
approach resistance Rcd
[kN] [kN]
DA1-1 576509 24290 36
DA1-2 427026 18622 34
DA2 576509 25394 34
DA3 576509 24641 35
Choose n = 38.
5.3.4.2.2Pile layout
Figure 5.20Pile layout for core
Page 71
5.3.4.3 Verification of bearing resistance
5.3.4.3.1 Verification of bearing resistance of single pile
Using Safe Software to calculate axial reaction of head of pile. Pile group and ground
are considered to be link springs support pile cap. Axial deformation is considered to
be greater than deformation by settlement and load.
Elastic settlement: S dh = 0, 5rc = 0, 5 50 = 25mm
A simple system of the ground and piles are the springs with the stiffness connected to
the radio at the center of the pile. Stiffness of system:
N tc
k = nki =
Sdh
where: Ntc : normal force, n:nombre of pile.
k 576509
ki = = = 606,8kN / m
=> n 38 25
Axial reaction at the head of piles:
Page 72
Figure 5.21Maximum value of axial reaction according to DA1-2
Page 73
Figure 5.22Maximum value of axial reaction according to DA1-1, DA2, DA3
Table 5.37Verification of bearing resistance of single pile

Fdmax Rcd
Design
Check
approach
[kN] [kN]
DA1-1 7220 7814

DA1-2 5434 6048
DA2 7220 8529
DA3 7220 9382
Page 74
5.3.4.3.2 Verification of bearing resistance of pile group

Effection of pile group according to Converse-Labarre
(n - 1)n2 + (n2 - 1)n1

d
h = 1 - arctg 1
s 90n1n2
where:
n1: nombre of row
n2: nombre of column
= arctan(d/s)
d: diameter
s: distance between 2 pile
1
=1arctan ( ) [
(51 )8+(81)5
3 9058
=0 .66 ]
Bearing resistance of pile group:
Q group =nQ Rd
where:
n: nombre of pile
QRd: design value of bearing resistance of a single pile
: effection of pile group Converse-Labarre
Table 5.38Verification of bearing resistance of pile group

Fdmax Qgroup
Design
Check
approach
[kN] [kN]
DA1-1 576509 609193

DA1-2 427026 467039
DA2 576509 609193
DA3 576509 609193
Page 75
5.3.4.4Verification of settlement
Depth of base of pile group = 2/3D = 2/3 62,2 = 41,5 m from base of pile cap
Depth of base of pile group is in layer 10

5.3.4.4.1 Immediate setttlement
Table 5.39Immediate settlement

Chiu
B L WG,d Wsoil qn ri
Lp dy 1 0
[m] [m] [m] [kN] [kN] [kN/m2] [mm]
75.6 14681
10 20,68 61.9 58231 85.3 0.05 0.93 10.2
8
5.3.4.4.2 Consolidation settlement
Table 5.40Consolidation settlement

L H z B z ao poed
z/B z/qn d
p m m m kN/m2 m2/kN mm
20.6 10.3 0.61 0.7
10 61.9 0,82 69.9 1.70E-04 35.3
8 4 7 1
Total settlement = ri + roed = 10.2 + 35.3 = 45.5 mm <rsls = 50 mm (Satisfied)
Page 76
5.3.4.5Designing pile cap
5.3.4.5.1Designing reinforcement
Figure 5.23Envelop moment Mmax,Mmin following to X axis
Figure 5.24Envelop moment Mmax,Mmin following to Y axis
Page 77
According to EN1992-1-1 :2004, reinforcement in a pile cap should be calculated
either by using strut-and-tie or flexural methods as appropriate. We use flexural
method to calculate reinforcement.
Table 5.41Reinforcement for pile foundation at core

Ph V M b d z As,req As
Chn thp KT
ng tr (kN.m) (m) (m) (m) (mm2) chn
O
Mmax 18723 1 2.85 2.650 15981 2xd32a100 16085 0.55%
K
X
O
Mmin -4764 1 2.85 2.802 3853 d25a100 4909 0.17%
K
O
Mmax 22235 1 2.85 2.609 19267 2xd36a100 20358 0.69%
K
Y
O
Mmin -3391 1 2.85 2.816 2729 d25a100 4909 0.17%
K
5.3.4.5.2 Verification shear resistance for pile cap
Design value of shear forceVEd =11785 kN
VEd VRd ,max = 0,5 bw d v f cd

f ck 30
v = 0, 6 1- = 0, 6 1-
= 0,528
250 250
VRd ,max = 0, 5 bw d v f cd = 0,5
1 2,85 0,528 17 103
= 12790kN
VEd VRd ,max

So Satisfied
5.3.4.5.3 Verification punching shear resistance for pile cap
Da vo v tr cc vch cng li thang c b tr th hu nh phn chu vi kim

tra ct thng ca h vch rt ln, dn n kh nng chng ct thng ln hn nhiu so
vi ct. Trong trng hp ny chu vi ct thng hu nh bao ht cc cc, do khng
cn phi tnh ton c th.
5.3.4.6Verification of horizontal resistance
Verification horizontal resistance include: verify horizontal deplacement, momen,
shear force, horizontal stress following the depth z.
Calculate ratio L/T to consider:
L 5T long pile
L 2T short pile
Page 78
At depth z:
HT 3 MT 2
y ( z ) = Ay + By
horizontal deplacement: EI EI
HT 2 MT
q ( z ) = Aq + Bq
angle of rotation: EI EI
H M
' ( z ) = Ap + BP 2
horizontal pressure: T T
M
V ( z ) = Av H + Bv
shear force: T
M y ( z ) = Am HT + Bm M
Moment:
Coefficient of stiffness of bored pile:
D4 1.84
EI = E = 31106 = 1, 6 107 kNm2
64 64
bc = d + 1 = 1,8 + 1 = 2,8m
EI 1, 6 107
T= 5 = 5 = 3, 94
Kbc 6000 2,8
L 55
zmax = = = 13,96
T 3,94 long pile
Horizontal load H = 161,16 kN
Page 79
Table 5.42Value of moment My(z)

ze z Am Bm My(z)
0 0.0 0 1 483.5
0.1 -0.4 0.1 1 547.0
0.2 -0.8 0.198 0.999 608.8
0.3 -1.2 0.291 0.994 665.4
0.4 -1.6 0.379 0.987 717.9
0.5 -2.0 0.459 0.976 763.4
0.6 -2.4 0.532 0.96 802.0
0.7 -2.8 0.595 0.939 831.9
0.8 -3.2 0.649 0.914 854.1
0.9 -3.5 0.693 0.885 868.0
1 -3.9 0.727 0.852 873.7
1.2 -4.7 0.767 0.775 861.9
1.4 -5.5 0.772 0.688 823.0
1.6 -6.3 0.746 0.594 761.0
1.8 -7.1 0.696 0.498 682.8
2 -7.9 0.628 0.404 594.2
3 -11.8 0.225 0.059 171.4
4 -15.8 0 -0.042 -20.3
5 -19.7 -0.033 -0.026 -33.5
Figure 5.25Relationship between moment My(z) and depth z
Page 80
Table 5.43Value of shear force Vy(z)

ze z Av Bv Vy(z)
0 0 1 0 161.2
0.1 -0.4 0.989 -0.007 158.5
0.2 -0.8 0.956 -0.028 150.6
0.3 -1.2 0.906 -0.058 138.9
0.4 -1.6 0.84 -0.095 123.7
0.5 -2.0 0.764 -0.137 106.3
0.6 -2.4 0.677 -0.181 86.9
0.7 -2.8 0.585 -0.226 66.6
0.8 -3.2 0.489 -0.27 45.7
0.9 -3.5 0.392 -0.312 24.9
1 -3.9 0.295 -0.35 4.6
1.2 -4.7 0.109 -0.414 -33.2
1.4 -5.5 -0.056 -0.456 -65.0
1.6 -6.3 -0.193 -0.477 -89.6
1.8 -7.1 -0.298 -0.476 -106.4
2 -7.9 -0.371 -0.456 -115.7
3 -11.8 -0.349 -0.213 -82.4
4 -15.8 -0.106 0.017 -15.0
5 -19.7 0.015 0.029 6.0
Figure 5.26Relationship between shear force Vy(z)and depth z
Page 81
Table 5.44Value of horizontal pressure '(z)

ze z Ap Bp '(z)
0 0 0 0 0
0.1 -0.4 -0.227 -0.145 -4.5
0.2 -0.8 -0.422 -0.259 -8.1
0.3 -1.2 -0.586 -0.343 -10.7
0.4 -1.6 -0.718 -0.401 -12.5
0.5 -2.0 -0.822 -0.436 -13.6
0.6 -2.4 -0.897 -0.451 -14.0
0.7 -2.8 -0.947 -0.449 -14.0
0.8 -3.2 -0.973 -0.432 -13.4
0.9 -3.5 -0.997 -0.403 -12.5
1 -3.9 -0.962 -0.364 -11.3
1.2 -4.7 -0.885 -0.268 -8.3
1.4 -5.5 -0.761 -0.157 -4.9
1.6 -6.3 -0.609 -0.047 -1.5
1.8 -7.1 -0.445 0.054 1.7
2 -7.9 -0.283 0.14 4.4
3 -11.8 0.226 0.368 11.5
4 -15.8 0.201 0.112 3.5
5 -19.7 0.046 0.002 0.1
Figure 5.27Relationship between horizontal pressure '(z) and depth z
Page 82
Table 5.45Value of horizontal deplacement y(z)

ze z Ay By y(z)
0 0.0 2.435 1.623 2.3
0.1 -0.4 2.273 1.453 2.1
0.2 -0.8 2.112 1.293 1.9
0.3 -1.2 1.952 1.143 1.7
0.4 -1.6 1.796 1.003 1.6
0.5 -2.0 1.644 0.873 1.4
0.6 -2.4 1.496 0.752 1.3
0.7 -2.8 1.353 0.642 1.1
0.8 -3.2 1.216 0.54 1.0
0.9 -3.5 1.086 0.448 0.9
1 -3.9 0.962 0.364 0.8
1.2 -4.7 0.738 0.223 0.6
1.4 -5.5 0.544 0.112 0.4
1.6 -6.3 0.381 0.029 0.2
1.8 -7.1 0.247 -0.03 0.1
2 -7.9 0.142 -0.07 0.1
3 -11.8 -0.075 -0.089 -0.1
4 -15.8 -0.05 -0.028 0.0
5 -19.7 -0.009 0 0.0
Figure 5.28Relationship between horizontal deplacement and depth z
Page 83
5.3.4.6.1 Verification of horizontal pressure:
4
y = 14kPa h1h2
cos I
( y ' tan I + x cI )
4
= 1 0, 25 o
(149, 7 tan(23, 53o ) + 0, 6 10,8) = 125 kPa
cos(23, 53 )
Satisfied
5.3.4.6.2Verification of horizontal deplacement

y = 2,3mm < 10mm
Satisfied
5.3.4.6.3Verification of flexural moment
Suppose the axis distance for reinforced concrete bored pile: a = 100 mm
d = 1800 250 = 1700 mm (d/h = 0,8)
Maximum design value of moment MEdmax = 873,7 kNm
Maximum design value of axial force NEdmax = 22723 kN
(MEdmax, NEdmax) = (873,7 kNm, 22723 kN)
Figure 5.29Column design chart for circular column

N Ed 22723
n= 2 = 2 = 0, 49
h f cd 1,8 14, 2 10
3

M Ed 873, 7
K = 3 = 3 = 0, 011
h f cd 1,8 14, 210 3
As f yd 8796 10-6 390 103 / 1,15

2 = = 0, 054
h f cd 1,82 17 103
Look up the chart with:
Page 84
The point falls inside the section
28d20 is satisfied.
5.3.4.6.4Verification of shear force
VEdmax = 161,2 kN
VEd 161, 2
n Ed = = = 49, 75kPa
Design value of shear stress: d2 1,82
200 200
k = 1+ = 1+ = 1, 45
d 1000
n min = 0, 035k 3/ 2 f ck1/ 2 = 0, 035 1, 453/ 2 251/ 2 = 0,30 MPa = 300kPa
nEd<nmin=> no shear reinforcement required

choose reinforcement stirrup: ad200
Page 85
5.5Construction method of the basement
5.5.1 Construction sequence of the basement
Construction measures are based on many factors, but must meet the technical
requirements of the strength of the diaphragm wall, diaphragm wall displacement,
bearing capacity of the floor and kingpost. It also has to meet the progress and cost
saving requirements as low as possible.
Based on the requirements and conditions of construction of the project students
submit the construction sequence as shown below. Based on this construction
sequence, students undertake calculations, design of the diaphragm wall, floor bearing
capacity, kingpost bearing capacity
Page 86
Page 87
Page 88
Figure 5.30Construction sequence
Basement construction process by semi-topdown method
Step 1: Construct diaphragm walls, bored piles, and anti-steel pillars

(Kingpost)
Step 2: Construct 1st floor:
- Execute beams on the top of the wall
- Install temporary shelters for openings, keep openings open for ventilation,
equipment transportation, and lighting.
Step 3: Digging the basement 1:
Page 89
- It is necessary to check the load capacity of the 1st floor as well as the authorized
load. Lower groundwater level, transverse monitoring.
- Protect the kingpost system during digging
Step 4: Execute the basement 1
- Construct beams, floors, columns
- Install temporary protection for openings
Step 5: Dig up the basement 2
- Same as above
Step 6: Build the basement
- Same as above
Step 8: Build the basement 3
- Same as above
Step 10: Build the basement 4
- Same as above
- Install anti-steel system
Page 90
Step 12: Continue digging to the bottom of the beam, floor 5, pile and technical
pits
Step 13: Execute the basement 5
- Execute beams, floors, columns, walls, piles and technical pits.
- Wait for the concrete to meet the quality requirements, remove the temporary
protection system at basement 5.
Step 14: Construct of ramp, stairs, patch for temporary openings, wait for
concrete to meet the requirements to removing braces.5.5.2 Tnh ton tng
vy
5.5.2Design sequence
Step 1: Prepare the background parameters for design
- Report geological survey

- Elevation of ground water level
- Determine the parameters of the ground
Step 2: Simulate the computational model
- Determine the construction method

- Method to lower ground water level
- Drafting stage of the basement construction
- Expected situations can occur
Step 3: Select the specific location of the compartment walls
- The location has a different basement bottom level

- The pile is located near the diaphragm wall
- The location of the water tank, the stairs .. is located near the diaphragm wall
Page 91
5.5.3SELECTING MODEL
Selecting PLAXIS 2D model: hardening soil model
This is an isotropic nonlinear model, considering the hardening of the soil.

Hardening-soil model mostly differs from that of Morh-Coulomb in the plasticity and
stiffness of the soil. In this model, the soil was more accurately modeled with three
different input stiffness parameters: the compression module in the three-axis
compression test, the expansion module in the three-axis compression test, and the
modulus in the consolidation compression test. In this model the deformation module
depends on the soil's stress.
In the deep-excavation problem, the use of the Mohr-coulomb model provides
inaccurate results because only one type of module is used (expansion module equals
to compression module) while the soil expands along "ng n" (expansion module
is usually much larger than compression module), resulting that displacement and
internal forces in the diaphragm wall must be altered as well.
Therefore, hardening-soil model is chosen for design in this paper.
Figure 5.31Hardening Soil model
Page 92
5.5.4DETERMINATING INPUT DATA
In this paper, we calculate input data for 1st layer, the same calculation for all layer is
expressed by table 5.40.
5.5.4.1Poissons ratio
According to Worth (1975)::
n 0.25 + 0.00225( I p )
At layer 1: Ip = 29,9% =>n 0.25 + 0.00225 29, 9 = 0,32

5.5.4.2 Module of elasticity E
50
Eref
5.5.4.2.1 Module
50
Eref
Module is determined from triaxial shear UU test:
pref = 50kPa
Reference press: (ng vi cp p lc bun 50kPa)
Table 5.46Triaxial shear UU test of layer 1

HK5
su ly mu (m) 44.5 su ly mu (m) 44.5
ng sut lch ng sut lch Bin
Bin dng
(kPa) (kPa) dng
0 0 52.09 7.34
16.38 0.1 50.95 8.39
20.44 0.21 50.36 9.44
23.34 0.31 49.51 10.49
26.23 0.42 48.43 11.54
29.12 0.52 47.07 12.59
33.3 1.05 45.5 13.64
36.87 1.57 43.95 14.69
40.11 2.1 41.92 15.74
42.17 2.62 40.68 16.79
43.94 3.15 39.44 17.83
45.69 4.2 37.99 18.88
47.14 5.25 33.98 19.93
49.93 6.29
Page 93
Figure 5.32Relationship between stress and deformation

E u50
= 7469kPa
So ref
2 u50 2
'50
Eref = Eref (1 + n ' ) = 7869 (1 + 0.32) = 6559 kPa
3 3
oed
Eref
5.5.4.2.2 Module
oed
Eref
Module determined from consolidated compression testis coefficient of
Pref = 50 kPa
tangential angle at point :
Page 94
Table 5.47Value of consolidated compression test at layer 1

HK 2
su ly mu (m) -
p lc nn q (kPa) Bin dng
0 0
6.25 0.008
12.5 0.024
25 0.050
50 0.094
100 0.158
200 0.235
400 0.311
200 0.302
100 0.294
50 0.284
25 0.272
6.25 0.247
Figure 5.33Relationship between stress and deformation

200 - 0
oed
Eref = = 630, 3 kPa
Module tip tuyn 0.35 - 0.033
Page 95
5.5.4.3.3 Module of unloading Eur
Module Eur determined by unloading line from consolidated compression test, is
Pref
1' =
tangential module with unloading line at the point 1 - sin '
K 0NC = 1 - sin ' = 1 - sin15,80 = 0.728
' NC '
1 = 50/ K0
Eur = Eur
ref kPa
= Eur 3 = 68,7 kPa
5.5.4.3Coefficient of powerm
Table 5.48Value ofEoed in layer 1

1'
6.25 12.5 25 50 100 200 400
(kPa)
Eoed
444 479 530 631 931 1820 3612
(kPa)
50
Eref = 6712, 7 kPa ; c ' = 13.7 kPa, ' = 15,830 ; pref = 50kPa
=>
m
c 'cos '+ 1' sin '
Eoed = Eoerefd
c 'cos '+ p sin '
From equation: ref . Change m = 0 1 ,
Table 5.49Value of Eoed in layer 1

m 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.48 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
1' E oed
Eoed E oed
E oed
Eoed
E oed
E oed
Eoed
Eoed
Eoed
Eoed
6.25 444 595 561 529 498 470 443 418 394 372 350
12.5 479 601 573 546 521 496 473 451 430 410 390
25 530 612 595 578 561 545 529 514 499 484 470
50 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631
100 931 657 685 713 743 774 807 841 876 913 951
200 1820 692 759 833 913 1002 1099 1206 1323 1451 1592
400 3612 734 854 994 1157 1346 1567 1823 2122 2469 2874
Another way to find value of m:
E c 'cos '+ 1' sin '

Cho y = ln oerefd , x = ln
c 'cos '+ p sin '
Eoed ref
Here is the table of value of X factor and Y factor:
Page 96
Table 5.50 Value of X factor and Y factor
x y
-0.255 -0.152
-0.208 -0.119
-0.127 -0.076
0.000 0.000
0.178 0.169
0.402 0.460
0.659 0.758
Figure 5.34 Relationship between X factor and Y factor

From the chart above m = 1
5.5.4.4Coefficient of interface Rinter
Coefficient of interface Rint er :
cint er = Rint er csoil

tan( )int er = Rint er tan( ) soil
Value Rint er depends on type of soil, condition of execution in the construction site,
Table 5.51Reference value of Rinter

Hai loi vt liu tip xc Rinter
Ct v Thp 0.6-0.7
St v Thp 0.5
Ct v B tng 1-0.8
St & B tng 1-0.7
Page 97
t v Li a k thut 1
t v Vi a k thut 0.9-0.5
Page 98
Table 5.52Value of Rinterfor layers

Layer Rinter
1 0.7
2 0.7
3 0.8
5.5.4.5Angle of expansion
Angle of expansion:
= 00if < 300

= - 300 if >300
5.5.4.6Another input
Coefficient Poisson for unloadingn ur .

n ur = 0.2
Coefficient K 0 = 1 - sin
NC '
R = 0.9
Coefficient f
5.5.4.7 Input data for PLAXIS model
Page 99
Table 5.53Input data for PLAXIS model

Lp t SL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ct th
t san
n cht st,
lp (b Bn st, st, ct, ct,
St, do th, ct, St, st St, st st do
Tn t tng, st st do st st
cng trng st do do cng cng cng n
t ), nho mm do do
thi cht na cng
ri rc
va
HSM HSM
HSM HSM HSM HSM HSM HSM HSM HSM HSM
Loi UnDraine UnDraine
Drained Undrained UnDrained Drained Drained Drained UnDrained UnDrained Drained
d d
unsat
15 19.3 19.4 19.2 19.4 19.4 19.1 20.1 19.8 19.7
(kN/m3)
sat (kN/m3) 15.1 19.7 19.5 20.2 20.3 20.2 19.4 20.6 20.4 20.3
pref (kN/m2) 100 50 50 80 100 100 200 200 400 560 560
E50ref
10000 6559 8999 12671 10235 10201 18416 13762 39633 32842 38335
(kN/m3)
Eoedref
10000 7696 9562 12671 10235 10396 10550 7312 9269 15030 28791
(kN/m3)
Eurref
30000 19678 26998 38013 30705 30602 55248 41287 118899 98527 115005
(kN/m3)
m 0.5 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1 1 0.8
n 0.32 0.28 0.30 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.29 0.30 0.27 0.26
nur 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
c' (kN/m2) 1 13.7 14.0 21.9 11.7 10.7 11.4 21.3 35.0 35.0 12.8
'( )
o
15.8 17.4 17.7 26.3 27.0 28.1 17.1 18.9 18.9 29.8
(o) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rinter 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9
MNN (m) -1.0
Page 100
5.5.5Load
i vi khu vc nh cp IV ln cn ly ti b mt l 20 n 40 kN/m 2
(mi tng ly bng 10 kN/m2)
i vi khu vc tip gip ng ly ti b mt l 20 kN/m 2
Figure 5.35Load layout plan
Page 101
5.5.6Crictical section
Figure 5.36 Critical Section 1-1

Section 1-1 is the most critical because of some reason below:
This section across the hole of construction

The length of this section is the smallest
So, the smaller inertia module is, the weaker horizontal resistance of section is.
Page 102
5.5.7 Designing retaining wall

5.5.7.1 Construction sequence in PLAXIS model
Phase 1: Loading
Phase 2: Lowering groundwater level to depth -3,2m andexcavating at depth -2,2m
Phase 3: Executing floor 1
Phase 4: Lowering groundwater level to depth -5,55m and excavating at depth
-4,55m
Phase 5: Executing floor basement B1
-7,65m
-10,75m
-13,85m
Phase 12: Lowering groundwater level to depth -17m and excavating at depth -16m
Phase 14: Lowering groundwater level to depth -24,3m and excavating at the base of
pile cap
Page 103
5.5.7.2 Result
5.5.7.2.1 Moment envelope
Table 5.54Moment envelope in section 1-1
Section I-I
Page 104
5.5.7.2.2 Horizontal deplacement
Table 5.55Horizontal deplacement of Section I-I
Phase 2:
Excavating
at depth
level
-2.2m
Phase 4:
Excavating
at depth
level
-4.55m
Page 105
Phase 6:
Excavating
at depth
level
-7.65m
Phase 8:
Excavating
at depth
level
-10.75m
Page 106
Phase 10:
Excavating
at depth
level
-13.85m
Phase 12:
Excavating
at depth
level -16m
Page 107
Phase 14:
Excavating
at base of
pile cap
5.5.7.3 Designing reinforcement for retaining wall

From moment envelope (Table 5.47), we devide into 2 part:
Negative moment:
Use Mmin = -851,5 kNm (at depth z = -10,4m) to calculate

vertical reinforcement for part (0m; -17,9m)
Use Mmin = -238,2 kNm (at depth z =-17,9m) to calculate

vertical reinforcement for part (-17,9m; -45m)
Possitive moment:
Use Mmax = 1402,8 kNm (at depth z = -14,3m) to calculate

vertical reinforcement for part (0m; -24,4m)
Use Mmax = 692,2 kNm (at depth z =-37,5m) to calculate

vertical reinforcement for part (-24,4m; -45m)
Figure 5.37 Moment

envelope
Page 108
5.5.7.3.1 Vertical reinforcement
Table 5.56Vertical reinforcement

Negative moment Possitive moment Note
Moment M 238.2 851.5 692.2 1402.8 kNm
Effective height deff 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 m
M
K= 2 0.0089 0.0321
Coefficient bd f ck 9 2 0.02611 0.05292
Coefficient K'= 0.168 0.168 0.168 0.168
K < K' => No compression reinforcement required
0.9324 0.9125 0.9178
Lever arm z 9 5 1 0.89383 <=0.95d
M
As= 752.86 2750.0 2222.7
Tension reinforcement f yd z 3 7 6 4625.47 mm2
0,26 f ctm bd
A s ,min = 1817.3 1817.3 1817.3
Min reinf. f yk 3 3 3 1817.33 mm2
Max reinf. As,max=0.04Ac 37600 37600 37600 37600 mm2
1817.3 1817.3 1817.3
Area of reinf. As 3 3 3 1817.33 mm2
Choose 22 N 2 8 6 13
760.26 3041.0
Area of reinf. As 5 6 2280.8 4941.73 mm2
123.14
Spacing of rebar s 862 3 172.4 71.8333 mm
0.0808 0.3235 0.2426
Ratio 8 2 4 0.52572 %
5.5.7.3.1 Horizontal reinforcement
Design value of shear force:
Vmax = 1036,4 kN
Design value of stress of shear force :
VEd V 1036, 4
vEd = = Ed = = 1280kPa = 1, 28MPa
bz 0,9bd 0,9
1 0, 9
with cotq = 2,5, stress of shear resistance
vRd , max = 3, 64 MPa
vEd < vRd , max

=> ,
Page 109
=> no horizontal reinforcement required
=> choose link 14a200
5.5.7.4 Verification stability coefficient in construction execution

Calculate coefficient /c reduction in PLAXIS model to find value of stability
coefficient in construction execution. Here is stability coefficient at phase 14 from
PLAXIS model:
Figure 5.38 Coefficient of stability from PLAXIS model

Coefficient of stability:
- Msf =2,81>1,4
satisfied
Page 110
5.5.8 Opening and shoring system layout
Figure 5.39Opening and kingpost system layout at basement floor B1
Figure 5.40Opening and kingpost system layout at basement floor B1
Page 111
Figure 5.41Opening and kingpost system layout at basement floor B3, B4, B5
Figure 5.42Shoring system layout at excavation pile cap
Page 112
5.5.9 Bearing resistance of kingspot
5.5.9.1 Material property
Property of steel
Limit of yeld: fy = 345103 kN/m2.

Module of elasticity: E = 200106 kN/m2.
Coefficient of work: c = 0.9
Table 5.57Dimesion of kingspot

H B tw tf
Type Dimension
mm mm mm mm
KP1 H-400x400x16x20 400 400 16 20
KP2 H-500x500x20x30 500 500 20 30
KP3 H-600x500x20x30 600 500 20 30
Af Aw A Af/Aw Jx Jy Wx Wy ix iy
Type
cm2 cm2 cm2 cm2 cm4 cm4 cm3 cm3 cm cm
106 17.
KP1 80 58 217.6 1.39 64034 21346 3202 9.9
7 2
250 21. 12.
KP2 150 88 388.0 1.70 180097 62529 7204
1 5 7
250 25. 12.
KP3 150 108 408.0 1.39 270144 62536 9005
1 7 4
Page 113
Figure 5.43Kingspot layout plan

5.5.9.2 Load
5.5.9.2.1 Dead load
Tnh ti bao gm trng lng bn thn sn, dm, trng lng bn thn kingpost.
Tnh ti s c tnh n trong m hnh ETABS vi h s vt ti n=1.1
5.5.9.2.2 Live load
Hot ti thi cng cho khu vc bi ct pha ct thp 10 (kN/m2)
Hot ti khu vc giao thng s c tnh ton theo ti trng xe
tiu chun vi gi tr 25 (kN/m2)
Hot ti thi cng cho cc khu vc cn li c tnh ton vi gi tr2(kN/m2)
H s vt ti i vi hot ti thi cng ly =1.2
5.5.9.2.3 Horizontal pressure of ground
Page 114
Table 5.58 Horizontal force at Section 1-1

Phase Floor Horizontal force at Section 1-1
Phase 4: Excavating at depth
Floor 1 -173.2 kN/m
-4.55m
Phase 6: Excavating at depth Floor 1 -20,2 kN/m
-7.65m Basement 1 -523.9 kN/m
Floor 1 72,0 kN/m
Basement 1 -571,0 kN/m
-10.75m
Floor 1 106.5 kN/m
Phase 10: Excavating at depth Basement 1 -524.9 kN/m
-13.85m Basement 2 -522,6 kN/m
Floor 1 111,6 kN/m
Floor 1 -500,5 kN/m
Floor 2 -503,8 kN/m
-16m
Floor 3 -566,7 kN/m
Floor 4 -394,0 kN/m
Floor 1 117,7 kN/m
Phase 14: Excavating at base of Basement 2 -453,3 kN/m
pile cap Basement 3 -523,3 kN/m
5.5.9.2.4 Load combination

According to TCVN 2737-1995: Loads ands effects-Design standard, Combination:
1.1DL + 1.2LL+ 1.2HP
Page 115
5.5.9.3 Result of internal force
Table 5.59 Internal force

Phase Axial force Moment M3-3 Moment M2-2
Phase 4:
Excavating
at depth
-4.55m
Phase 6:
Excavating
at depth
-7.65m
Phase 8:
Excavating
at depth
-10.75m
Page 116
Phase 10:
Excavating
at depth
-13.85m
Phase 12:
Excavating
at depth
-16m
Phase 14:
Excavating
at base of
pile cap
Page 117
5.5.9.4 Verification of resistance and stability of kingspot

In this thesis, we verify resistance and stability of kingspot located in core
5.5.9.4.1 Calculated length of kingspot:

2
L0 = L + l = L +

Where:
L0: lengh of kingspot for calculation
L: actual length
z: coefficient of length of kingspot clapmed
kbp
= 5
c EI
where:
k:coefficient depends on type of ground base
According to table A.1 TCVN 10304:2014 - Pile Foundation Design
Standard, for sandy clay, k =7000 kN/m4.
c:coefficient of working
According to table A.1 TCVN 10304:2014 - Pile Foundation Design
Standard, for sandy clay, for isolated member, c= 3.
bp :width of pile
E :Elastic module of material
I : Inertia module of pile
Table 5.60Value of calculated length of kingspot

b bp I c l
4
m m m 1/m m
0.5 1.25 1.80E-03 3 0.38 5.24
0.5 1.25 6.25E-04 3 0.47 4.24
0.6 1.4 3.60E-03 3 0.34 5.89
0.6 1.4 1.26E-03 3 0.42 4.77
0.75 1.625 1.83E-03 3 0.40 4.99
0.65 1.475 7.31E-03 3 0.30 6.71
Page 118
5.5.9.4.2Verification of resistance of kingspot

According to credit 7.4.1.2 TCVN 5575:2012 - Steel structures - Design standard,
f < 530 MPa
for eccentric compressive member with limit of yield y ,wihout dynamic
action and N / (A n f ) > 0.1
N Mx My
+ + <1
An f c cxWnx ,min f c cxWny ,min f c
N, Mx, M y
Where : : absolute value of axial force, flexural moment
cx , c y
: coefficient based on dimension of section
Table 5.61 Verification of ressistance of kingspot at phase 4

Nam Type P/ Af/A Chec
P M22 M33 Cx Cy Value
e (Afy) w k
C39 KP1 -721 28 7 0.10 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.10 OK
C44 KP1 -448 127 -4 0.06 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.45 OK
C46 KP1 -414 42 -19 0.06 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.20 OK
C55 KP1 -292 -11 -31 0.04 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.11 OK
C56 KP1 -1416 -84 -25 0.20 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.29 OK
C57 KP1 -159 -14 -52 0.02 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.12 OK
C58 KP1 -173 -12 -53 0.02 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.11 OK
C61 KP1 -91 15 67 0.01 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.13 OK
C62 KP1 -527 -151 58 0.07 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.59 OK
C63 KP1 93 10 37 0.01 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.08 OK
C64 KP1 -544 14 -186 0.08 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.31 OK
C65 KP1 -143 -9 -46 0.02 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.10 OK
C66 KP1 -140 14 69 0.02 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.13 OK
C75 KP1 -138 40 -83 0.02 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.22 OK
Page 119
Table 5.62 Verification of resistance of kingspot at phase 6

Nam Type P/ Af/A Valu Chec
P M22 M33 Cx Cy
e (Afy) w e k
C39 KP1 -738 -43 -56 0.10 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.18 OK
C44 KP1 -461 -188 16 0.06 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.65 OK
C46 KP1 -412 -80 120 0.06 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.42 OK
C54 KP1 -179 -13 98 0.03 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.16 OK
C55 KP1 -265 78 -67 0.04 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.34 OK
C56 KP1 -1373 -182 -125 0.19 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.58 OK
C57 KP1 -267 -3 128 0.04 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.18 OK
C58 KP1 -278 -6 112 0.04 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.17 OK
C61 KP1 -129 20 90 0.02 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.17 OK
C62 KP1 -533 245 23 0.07 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.84 OK
C63 KP1 55 -29 38 0.01 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.13 OK
C64 KP1 -562 -14 -214 0.08 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.34 OK
C65 KP1 -292 -7 67 0.04 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.13 OK
C66 KP1 -335 4 -105 0.05 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.17 OK
C67 KP1 -215 -15 105 0.03 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.18 OK
C75 KP1 -148 30 -96 0.02 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.21 OK
Page 120
Table 5.63Verification of resistance of kingspot at phase 8

e (Afy) w k
C39 KP1 -1169 -70 -38 0.16 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.25 OK
C44 KP1 -450 169 -27 0.06 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.60 OK
C46 KP1 -417 -71 101 0.06 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.38 OK
C54 KP1 -333 -15 90 0.05 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.18 OK
C55 KP1 -684 102 -45 0.10 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.45 OK
C56 KP1 -1372 -187 -115 0.19 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.58 OK
C57 KP1 -460 3 -117 0.06 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.19 OK
C58 KP1 -465 6 -103 0.07 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.19 OK
C61 KP1 -349 27 81 0.05 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.21 OK
C62 KP1 -519 -232 50 0.07 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.82 OK
C63 KP1 -320 -14 57 0.04 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.15 OK
C64 KP1 -572 -8 -220 0.08 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.33 OK
C65 KP1 -525 5 -67 0.07 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.16 OK
C66 KP1 -525 4 -110 0.07 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.20 OK
C67 KP1 -413 -17 98 0.06 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.21 OK
C75 KP1 -161 33 -113 0.02 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.24 OK
Page 121
Table Verification of resistance of kingspot at phase 10

e (Afy) w k
C39 KP1 -1582 -99 -67 0.22 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.38 OK
C44 KP1 -452 171 -28 0.06 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.61 OK
C46 KP1 -419 -78 101 0.06 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.40 OK
C54 KP1 -507 -18 96 0.07 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.22 OK
C55 KP1 -688 85 -16 0.10 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.37 OK
C56 KP1 -1368 -196 -112 0.19 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.60 OK
C57 KP1 -645 3 -119 0.09 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.22 OK
C58 KP1 -645 6 -106 0.09 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.22 OK
C61 KP1 -587 25 49 0.08 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.21 OK
C62 KP1 -518 -233 55 0.07 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.83 OK
C63 KP1 -537 -16 60 0.08 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.19 OK
C64 KP1 -583 -5 -227 0.08 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.33 OK
C65 KP1 -543 -14 30 0.08 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.15 OK
C66 KP1 -709 -2 107 0.10 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.22 OK
C67 KP1 -629 -20 106 0.09 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.26 OK
C75 KP1 -171 35 -130 0.02 1.39 1.06 1.47 0.26 OK
Page 122
Table 5. Verification of resistance of kingspot at phase 12

Nam M2 P/ Af/A Valu Chec
Type P M33 Cx Cy
e 2 (Afy) w e k
- 1.4
C39 KP1 -1983 -66 0.28 1.39 1.06 0.44 OK
106 7
1.4
C44 KP1 -454 172 -29 0.06 1.39 1.06 0.61 OK
7
1.4
C46 KP1 -420 -84 100 0.06 1.39 1.06 0.42 OK
7
1.4
C54 KP1 -699 -18 88 0.10 1.39 1.06 0.25 OK
7
1.4
C55 KP1 -692 98 -10 0.10 1.39 1.06 0.41 OK
7
- 1.4
C56 KP1 -1366 -109 0.19 1.39 1.06 0.61 OK
205 7
1.4
C57 KP1 -649 -2 62 0.09 1.39 1.06 0.16 OK
7
1.4
C58 KP1 -649 -1 56 0.09 1.39 1.06 0.15 OK
7
1.4
C61 KP1 -412 48 20 0.06 1.39 1.06 0.22 OK
7
- 1.4
C62 KP1 -516 59 0.07 1.39 1.06 0.84 OK
234 7
1.4
C63 KP1 15 -50 -19 0.00 1.39 1.06 0.17 OK
7
1.4
C64 KP1 -593 0 -233 0.08 1.39 1.06 0.32 OK
7
1.4
C65 KP1 -570 15 34 0.08 1.39 1.06 0.16 OK
7
1.4
C66 KP1 -527 5 59 0.07 1.39 1.06 0.15 OK
7
1.4
C67 KP1 -864 -20 99 0.12 1.39 1.06 0.18 OK
7
1.4
C75 KP1 -181 38 -144 0.03 1.39 1.06 0.29 OK
7
Page 123
Page 124
Table 5. Verification of resistance of kingspot at phase 14

Nam M2 M3 P/ Chec
Type P Af/Aw Cx Cy Value
e 2 3 (Afy) k
- 1.0 1.4
C39 KP1 -62 129 0.34 1.39 0.46 OK
2437 6 7
1.0 1.4
C44 KP1 -452 169 -25 0.06 1.39 0.60 OK
6 7
- 1.0 1.4
C46 KP1 51 227 0.27 1.39 0.47 OK
1947 6 7
1.0 1.4
C54 KP1 -657 33 -191 0.09 1.39 0.39 OK
6 7
1.0 1.4
C55 KP1 -689 98 -5 0.10 1.39 0.40 OK
6 7
- 1.0 1.4
C56 KP1 108 311 0.34 1.39 0.73 OK
2435 6 7
1.0 1.4
C57 KP1 -602 5 332 0.08 1.39 0.44 OK
6 7
1.0 1.4
C58 KP1 -602 -8 301 0.08 1.39 0.41 OK
6 7
1.0 1.4
C61 KP1 -787 36 323 0.11 1.39 0.42 OK
6 7
1.0 1.4
C62 KP1 -517 -235 62 0.07 1.39 0.84 OK
6 7
1.0 1.4
C63 KP1 -715 6 -145 0.10 1.39 0.27 OK
6 7
- 1.0 1.4
C64 KP1 -40 167 0.20 1.39 0.34 OK
1440 6 7
1.0 1.4
C65 KP1 -974 12 -209 0.14 1.39 0.28 OK
6 7
1.0 1.4
C66 KP1 -647 -16 380 0.09 1.39 0.52 OK
6 7
1.0 1.4
C67 KP1 -841 39 -461 0.12 1.39 0.56 OK
6 7
1.0 1.4
C75 KP1 -988 -50 222 0.14 1.39 0.37 OK
6 7
Page 125
5.5.9.4.3 Verification of stability of kingspot

According to credit 7.4.2.8 TCVN 5575:2012 - Steel structures - Design
standard,, stability of kingspot will be verificated by equation below:
N
< f c
exy A
3 4
exy = ey ( 0,6 c +0,4 c )
Where:
c:calculated by equation (43) in credit 7.4.2.5 TCVN 5575:2012 - Steel

structures - Design standard
ey
: calculated by equation (40) in credit 7.4.2.2 TCVN 5575:2012, Steel structures
- Design standard
Page 126
Table 5.64 Verification of stability of kingspot at phase 4

Nam Type M3 Valu
P M22 Lx Ly x y ey exy Check
e 3 e
3.5 3.5 35. 0.8 0.6
C39 KP1 -1084 1 576 20.4 0.78 OK
0 0 3 9 6
9.3 9.3 94. 0.1 0.1
C44 KP1 -448 127 -4 54.6 0.44 OK
6 6 5 5 5
3.5 3.5 35. 0.7 0.5
C46 KP1 -857 45 606 20.4 0.86 OK
0 0 3 7 9
9.3 9.3 73. 0.4 0.3
C54 KP1 -585 46 101 43.4 0.13 OK
6 6 7 2 6
9.3 9.3 73. 0.6 0.6
C55 KP1 -645 -10 -26 43.4 0.09 OK
6 6 7 2 0
9.3 9.3 94. 0.5 0.4
C56 KP1 -259 -1 64 54.6 0.16 OK
6 6 5 5 5
9.3 9.3 94. 0.3 0.3
C57 KP1 -1416 -84 -25 54.6 0.62 OK
6 6 5 4 4
9.3 9.3 94. 0.2 0.2
C58 KP1 -159 -14 -52 54.6 0.12 OK
6 6 5 9 2
9.3 9.3 94. 0.3 0.2
C61 KP1 -173 -12 -53 54.6 0.12 OK
6 6 5 2 5
9.3 9.3 94. 0.2 0.1
C62 KP1 -91 15 67 54.6 0.14 OK
6 6 5 1 3
- 9.3 9.3 94. 0.1 0.1
C63 KP1 -527 58 54.6 0.57 OK
151 6 6 5 5 4
9.3 9.3 94. 0.3 0.2
C64 KP1 -143 -9 -46 54.6 0.08 OK
6 6 5 2 5
9.3 9.3 94. 0.2 0.2
C65 KP1 -174 -15 -61 54.6 0.12 OK
6 6 5 9 2
3.5 3.5 35. 0.7 0.5
C66 KP1 -605 -61 606 20.4 0.84 OK
0 0 3 1 4
9.3 9.3 94. 0.1 0.1
C75 KP1 -138 40 -83 54.6 0.21 OK
6 6 5 5 0
Page 127
Page 128
Table 5.65 Verification of stability of kingspot at phase 6

Nam Typ M2 Valu
e e 2 e
KP - 7.8 79. 0.4 0.4
C39 38 -16 7.84 45.7 0.37 OK
1 1178 4 2 8 7
KP - 3.5 35. 0.1 0.1
C44 -461 16 3.50 20.4 0.44 OK
1 188 0 3 6 5
KP 3.5 35. 0.3 0.2
C46 -412 -80 120 3.50 20.4 0.27 OK
1 0 3 0 3
KP 7.8 79. 0.3 0.2
C54 -179 -13 98 7.84 45.7 0.12 OK
1 4 2 7 4
KP 3.5 35. 0.2 0.1
C55 -265 78 -67 3.50 20.4 0.24 OK
1 0 3 1 6
KP - - 3.5 35. 0.3 0.3
C56 -125 3.50 20.4 0.58 OK
1 1373 182 0 3 9 5
KP 7.8 79. 0.5 0.3
C57 -267 -3 128 7.84 45.7 0.17 OK
1 4 2 8 9
KP 7.8 79. 0.5 0.3
C58 -278 -6 112 7.84 45.7 0.16 OK
1 4 2 2 7
KP 7.8 79. 0.6 0.4
C61 -337 3 -85 7.84 45.7 0.14 OK
1 4 2 1 8
KP - 3.5 35. 0.1 0.1
C62 -520 42 3.50 20.4 0.58 OK
1 238 0 3 5 3
KP 3.5 35. 0.1 0.0
C63 55 -29 38 3.50 20.4 0.10 OK
1 0 3 3 8
KP 3.5 35. 0.7 0.5
C64 -562 -14 -214 3.50 20.4 0.28 OK
1 0 3 4 3
KP 7.8 79. 0.5 0.4
C65 -320 7 -64 7.84 45.7 0.12 OK
1 4 2 3 3
KP 7.8 79. 0.6 0.4
C66 -308 -2 112 7.84 45.7 0.16 OK
1 4 2 3 6
KP 7.8 79. 0.3 0.2
C67 -215 -15 105 7.84 45.7 0.14 OK
1 4 2 7 5
KP 7.8 79. 0.4 0.3
C75 -367 -14 100 7.84 45.7 0.16 OK
1 4 2 5 5
Page 129
Page 130
Table 5.66Verification of stability of kingspot at phase 8

Nam Type Valu
P M22 M33 Lx Ly x y ey exy Check
e e
- 7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.5 0.5
C39 KP1 36 -8 0.45 OK
1592 4 4 7 2 2 2
- 7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.4 0.3
C44 KP1 78 -7 0.50 OK
1342 4 4 7 2 0 9
- 7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.5 0.5
C46 KP1 23 -4 0.33 OK
1208 4 4 7 2 4 4
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.4 0.3
C54 KP1 -333 -15 90 0.15 OK
4 4 7 2 3 3
2.1 2.1 12. 21. 0.4 0.3
C55 KP1 -684 102 -45 0.27 OK
7 7 6 9 0 7
- - 3.5 3.5 20. 35. 0.3 0.3
C56 KP1 -115 0.58 OK
1372 187 0 0 4 3 8 5
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.6 0.4
C57 KP1 -460 3 -117 0.19 OK
4 4 7 2 3 9
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.5 0.4
C58 KP1 -465 6 -103 0.18 OK
4 4 7 2 7 6
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.6 0.5
C61 KP1 -556 3 -90 0.19 OK
4 4 7 2 5 4
- 3.5 3.5 20. 35. 0.1 0.1
C62 KP1 -519 50 0.58 OK
232 0 0 4 3 5 3
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.4 0.3
C63 KP1 -320 -14 57 0.13 OK
4 4 7 2 4 6
3.5 3.5 20. 35. 0.8 0.5
C64 KP1 -572 -8 -220 0.29 OK
0 0 4 3 1 8
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.6 0.5
C65 KP1 -525 5 -67 0.16 OK
4 4 7 2 0 2
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.6 0.5
C66 KP1 -525 4 -110 0.20 OK
4 4 7 2 3 1
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.4 0.3
C67 KP1 -413 -17 98 0.17 OK
4 4 7 2 4 5
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.4 0.4
C75 KP1 -558 -16 105 0.20 OK
4 4 7 2 9 0
Page 131
Page 132

Nam Type Valu
P M22 M33 Lx Ly x y ey exy Check
e e
- 7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.5 0.5
C39 KP1 36 -12 0.54 OK
1999 4 4 7 2 5 4
- 7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.4 0.4
C44 KP1 65 -5 0.58 OK
1794 4 4 7 2 6 6
- 7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.5 0.5
C46 KP1 23 3 0.42 OK
1602 4 4 7 2 7 7
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.4 0.3
C54 KP1 -507 -18 96 0.20 OK
4 4 7 2 6 8
- 7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.6 0.6
C55 KP1 -12 2 0.36 OK
1508 4 4 7 2 2 2
- 7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.6 0.5
C56 KP1 -27 34 0.63 OK
2484 4 4 7 2 0 8
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.6 0.5
C57 KP1 -645 3 -119 0.23 OK
4 4 7 2 5 3
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.6 0.5
C58 KP1 -645 6 -106 0.22 OK
4 4 7 2 1 1
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.6 0.5
C61 KP1 -803 3 -92 0.23 OK
4 4 7 2 5 7
- 2.1 2.1 12. 21. 0.3 0.3
C62 KP1 243 16 0.59 OK
1432 7 7 6 9 6 6
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.4 0.4
C63 KP1 -537 -16 60 0.19 OK
4 4 7 2 9 3
- 7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.5 0.5
C64 KP1 -16 81 0.33 OK
1202 4 4 7 2 8 3
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.6 0.5
C65 KP1 -753 5 -72 0.20 OK
4 4 7 2 3 7
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.6 0.5
C66 KP1 -737 3 -114 0.24 OK
4 4 7 2 5 5
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.4 0.4
C67 KP1 -629 -20 106 0.23 OK
4 4 7 2 8 0
7.8 7.8 45. 79. 0.5 0.4
C75 KP1 -763 -18 112 0.26 OK
4 4 7 2 2 4
Page 133
Page 134

Nam Type M2 M3 Valu
P Lx Ly x y ey exy Check
e 2 3 e
- 6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.6 0.6
C39 KP1 36 -5 0.57 OK
2396 6 6 6 3 2 2
- 6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.5 0.5
C44 KP1 63 -3 0.61 OK
2247 6 6 6 3 4 4
- 6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.6 0.6
C46 KP1 23 -1 0.46 OK
1998 6 6 6 3 4 4
6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.5 0.4
C54 KP1 -699 -18 88 0.22 OK
6 6 6 3 5 8
- 6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.7 0.7
C55 KP1 0 7 0.41 OK
1947 6 6 6 3 0 0
- 6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.6 0.6
C56 KP1 -29 20 0.65 OK
2851 6 6 6 3 6 5
6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.7 0.6
C57 KP1 -854 4 -97 0.24 OK
6 6 6 3 0 2
6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.6 0.6
C58 KP1 -848 6 -88 0.23 OK
6 6 6 3 9 1
- 6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.7 0.6
C61 KP1 5 -74 0.25 OK
1076 6 6 6 3 0 4
- 2.1 2.1 12. 21. 0.4 0.4
C62 KP1 244 -4 0.63 OK
1880 7 7 6 9 4 4
6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.5 0.5
C63 KP1 -780 -16 53 0.21 OK
6 6 6 3 8 4
- 6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.6 0.6
C64 KP1 -15 74 0.35 OK
1445 6 6 6 3 5 1
- 6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.7 0.6
C65 KP1 4 -60 0.23 OK
1006 6 6 6 3 0 5
6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.7 0.6
C66 KP1 -972 4 -96 0.26 OK
6 6 6 3 0 2
6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.5 0.5
C67 KP1 -864 -20 99 0.25 OK
6 6 6 3 7 0
6.9 6.9 40. 70. 0.6 0.5
C75 KP1 -981 -18 105 0.27 OK
6 6 6 3 0 3
Page 135

Nam Typ M2 Valu
e e 2 e
KP - 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.6 0.6
C39 -62 129 0.60 OK
1 2437 6 6 2 1 4 0
KP - 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.5 0.5
C44 -98 -19 0.60 OK
1 2239 6 6 2 1 5 5
KP - 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.6 0.5
C46 51 188 0.51 OK
1 1979 6 6 2 1 4 7
KP 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.6 0.4
C54 -692 -23 195 0.28 OK
1 6 6 2 1 0 6
KP - 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.7 0.6
C55 -31 29 0.41 OK
1 1898 6 6 2 1 0 9
KP - 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.7 0.6
C56 30 -196 0.63 OK
1 2866 6 6 2 1 5 9
KP 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.7 0.5
C57 -804 6 -337 0.43 OK
1 6 6 2 1 8 5
KP 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.7 0.5
C58 -796 -1 -294 0.39 OK
1 6 6 2 1 9 7
KP - 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.7 0.6
C61 0 -283 0.42 OK
1 1028 6 6 2 1 9 1
KP - 3.5 3.5 20. 35. 0.1 0.1
C62 -517 62 0.60 OK
1 235 0 0 4 3 5 3
KP 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.5 0.4
C63 -788 -37 116 0.25 OK
1 6 6 2 1 4 6
KP - 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.6 0.5
C64 -40 167 0.39 OK
1 1440 6 6 2 1 3 5
KP 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.7 0.5
C65 -974 12 -209 0.34 OK
1 6 6 2 1 3 9
KP 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.7 0.5
C66 -929 -2 -301 0.42 OK
1 6 6 2 1 9 9
KP 1.6 1.6 16. 0.9 0.6
C67 -845 6 492 9.3 0.51 OK
1 0 0 2 5 1
KP 5.3 5.3 31. 54. 0.5 0.4
C75 -988 -50 222 0.36 OK
1 6 6 2 1 3 2
Page 136

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Contents

PART 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION................................................................11

1.2 Function of building...................................................................................................14

1.3 NATURAL CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTIC IN HO CHI MINH CITY..................15

2.1 SOLUTION 1: DESIGNING CAFETERIA ON TERRACE.....................................22

PART 3: PART III. ENERGY.................................................................................39

3.1 GENERAL ENERGY OF E-TOWN CENTRAL BUILDING...................................40

3.2 THE ENERGY PROBLEM OF E -TOWN BUILDING............................................65

3.3 THE LOUVER SYSTEM DETAILED DESIGN.......................................................67

PART 4: PART IV: SUPERSTRUCTURE.............................................................68

4.1 GETTING STARTED................................................................................................69

4.1 THIT K CHI TIT H DM SN TNG IN HNH......................................85

4.3 SO SNH CH TIU KINH T................................................................................85

4.4 THIT K CHI TIT KT CU CT BTCT...........................................................85

5.2 PREMILINARY DESIGN.......................................................................................103

5.3 BORED PILE DESIGN...........................................................................................105

5.5 Construction method of the basement......................................................................160

Table 5.1 Hole Pits and SPT values..................................................................................89

Table 5.49 Value of Eoed in layer 1.................................................................................167

Figure 5.1Site map of survey sites

Figure 5.2Notesof the geological section of the construction

Figure 5.3Geological section of the constructionII II

Figure 5.4Geological section of the constructionII II (continued)

Figure 5. 5Geological section of the constructionIII III

Figure 5. 5Geological section of the constructionIII III (continued)

Table 5.1Hole Pits and SPT values

Table 5.2Hole Pits and SPT values (continued)

Table 5.3Hole Pits and SPT values (continued)

Table 5.4Hole Pits and SPT values (continued)

Table 5.5Physical properties of soil layers

Coefficient of vertical 0,083 - 0,033 0,020 0,020 -

21 Standard bearing pressure, Ro 0,64 2.00 2.94 2.52 3.45 3.80

Table 5.6Physical properties of soil layers (continued)

p lc tin c kt, c (kPa) - 213.8 - 304.0 314.0 498.5

Table 5.7Physical properties of soil layers (continued)

5.1.1.2 Preliminary comments and recommendations

5.1.2 Phng n mng

5.1.2.1 Bored pile

5.1.2.2Construction method of basement

5.1.2.2.2Advantages and disadvantages of semi-topdown construction method

5.2 PREMILINARY DESIGN

- Specify weight density: = 25kN/m2.

- Characteristic compressive cylinder strenghth: fck= 30103 kN/m2.

- Characteristic axial tensile strength: fctk= 1,3103 kN/m2.

- Modul of elasticity: Eb = 3.45107 kN/m2.

- Design yield strength: fy = 390103 kN/m2.

- Modul of elasticity: Es = 21107 kN/m2.

- Design yield strength: fy = 235103 kN/m2.

- Modul of elasticity: Es = 21107 kN/m2.

Figure 5.5 Pile dimension

5.2.3 Retainin wall and Shoring system

5.3BORED PILE DESIGN

Ac = d2/4 As = (1000 50)2 / 4 3217 = 0,71mm2

Piles material resistance:

5.3.1.2Bored pile designed fromsoil parameters

Combination of set of partial factors: A1 + M1 + R1

Partial factor for design resistanceRd = 1,5

Base of pile is in layer 10, angle of shearing resistance = 28,080

Stress in depth of base

Total vertical stress:

vk ,b = 15 8, 3 + 19, 4 2,1 + 19, 2 5,8 + 19, 4 (4 + 1, 7) + 19, 6 2,1

Vertical effective stress:

vk ,b = vk ,b - ub = 1241 654, 7 = 586, 4kPa

According to Berezantsev, angle of shearing resistance = 28,080, =>Nq =19,46