HOUSEHOLD WIRING &

GROUNDING/EARTHING
HOUSEHOLD/DOMESTIC WIRING
Electric Power System
500/220KV 132KV,
11KV

400V

220V
3 Phases,
One Neutral
coming from
the street
Transformer
go to Energy
Meter &
then to this
distribution
board
HOUSEHOLD WIRING LAYOUT
HOUSEHOLD WIRING LAYOUT
HOUSEHOLD WIRING LAYOUT
GROUNDING/EARTHING
 HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION
4 Wires, 3 Phase & one Neutral.

Each phase along with neutral is distributed

across various rooms of the house.

Every room has its own miniature circuit breaker.

Electricity is distributed in such a way that none

of the phase is overloaded.
 Household Sockets
Phase
220V

Neutral
OV
Earth

Phase

Neutral
 Wiring Returns current to
power source
What do each of these
wires do? Neutral

Live
Provides current to
appliance

Earth
Takes current to ground if
appliance has fault

What wire is missing and

why?
 What is Neutral?
What is Earth?
Why it is Used?

Mostly used for Safety

House
Neutral
Insulation
Earthing
Earthing
Fault
No Earthing
Earth Wire is Present. What will
Happen Now??
Current takes the least resistance path
and passes through the earth wire to
the ground and back to the source.
Miniature
Circuit Breaker
 Improperly Grounded Appliance with Short

One milliampere: Tingling sensation

Ten milliamperes: Nerves and muscles overloaded
200 milliamperes: Potentially fatal; Heart fibrillation
500 -1000 milliamperes: Highly Fatal
One ampere or more: Burn Alive
Grounded Appliance

No Electric Shock
 Ground / Earth Wire Prevents You from
becoming the Shortest, Easiest Path to the Ground!!
 Earthing
The process of connecting metallic bodies of all
the electrical apparatus and equipment to huge
mass of earth by a wire having negligible
resistance is called Earthing.
 Purpose of Earth
Some times charge may appear on large devices
such as Air Conditioners or Refrigerators due
some internal problem.

This can cause electric shock to the person

touching it.

The earth wire operates the circuit breaker in the

main supply board preventing any damage.
 Advantages of Earthing
To save human life from danger of electrical shock or
death.

To protect buildings, machinery & appliances under

fault conditions.

To provide safe path to dissipate lightning and short

circuit currents.

To provide stable platform for operation of

sensitive electronic equipment.