Atoll 3.1.0 GSM Gprs Edge Complete

ATOLL GSM/GPRS/EDGE FEATURES
Training Programme
1. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Concepts
2. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Planning Overview
3. Modelling a GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network
4. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions
5. Neighbour Allocation
6. Frequency Plan Analysis
7. Frequency Allocation
8. Using Drive Test
Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 2 of 75

GSM/GPRS/EDGE Overview
Frequency Hopping Overview

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

Second digital norm for mobile telephony (2G) established in 1982
Initially dedicated to voice services
Addition of GPRS (General Packet Radio Service 2,5G) and EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates
for GSM Evolution 2,75G)
Packet-switched services and high data rates
Use of Coding Schemes

According to radio link quality, selection of robustness dependent coding scheme
Good quality : least robust coding schemes for high throughput
Poor quality : most robust coding schemes for high security (lower throughput)
CS1 to 4 for GPRS (GMSK modulation) up to 171,2 kbps per frame (

GPRS in Atoll
MCS1 to 9 for EDGE (8PSK modulation) up to 384 kbps per frame

EGPRS in Atoll
DAS5 to 12 and DBS5 to 12 for EDGE Evolution (16 and 32QAM modulations) up to 1 Mbps
per frame
EGPRS2 in Atoll
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

8 Timeslots per frame
1 user per TS in FR
2 users per TS in HR
Use of codec modes (e.g. Half-Rate) to
compress voice and increase network
capacity in good radio conditions
Signalling on BCCH
Broadcast en TS 0
Up to 7 TS for traffic (TCH)
Channel bandwidth = 200 KHz
Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS)

Optional definition of cell hierarchy (Umbrella, Macro, Micro, Pico, ..cells)
Traffic served on priority on highest priority layers
Priority may not be respected for signal strength or mobility reasons
(e.g. pico cells dedicated to low mobility users)

Interference in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Measured by C/(I+N) parameter
Occurring between co and adjacent channels

Example : if on an overlapping area, a receiver is covered twice by the same channel and if the signal
strength received from the interferer is close to the serving signal strength, the receiver is interfered
Main issue of GSM/GPRS/EDGE

Reduction of capacity
No service of codec modes
No service of coding schemes
Solutions to interference
Frequency hopping
Frequency diversity in order to diversify the interferers
Against frequency selective fading
Average interference level over all the mobile station assigned frequencies
Uplink power control (currently not modelled in Atoll)

Frequency Hopping Overview
Hopping Modes
Non Hopping (NH)
Mobile always attached to the same channel
Mobile Station Allocation : Channel
Base Band Hopping (BBH)

One frequency per TRX
Mobile hops over TRXs
In Atoll, base band hopping is made over TRXs of a given subcell
Definition of a Mobile Allocation List (MAL) : list of frequencies defined in in the subcell to which the MS
is attached
Mobile Station Allocation : MAL
Synthesized Frequency Hopping (SFH)

One frequency list per TRX
Mobile linked to a TRX
TRX hops over frequencies
Definition of a Mobile Allocation List (MAL) : list of frequencies defined in the TRX to which the MS is
attached
Definition of a Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO) used as a starting point in the channel hopping
sequence
Mobile Station Allocation : MAL-MAIO

Hopping Parameters
HSN : Hopping Sequence Number

Defined at the subcell level
Synchronisation : hopping synchronisation of several subcells

Defined at the subcell level
By default, all the subcells of a site are synchronised
MAL : Mobile Allocation List

Defined from available frequencies in TRXs
MAIO : Mobile Allocation Index Offset

Defined at the TRX level
Use of Parameters In Hopping Modes
BBH
Hops only over TRXs of a given subcell
MAL : list of frequencies defined in subcells
HSN
Synchronisation
SFH
MAL : list of frequencies defined per TRX
HSN
Synchronisation
MAIO
Association (MAL, MAIO)
Training Programme
8. Using Drive Test

2G Features Supported in Atoll
2G Workflow in Atoll

2G Features Supported In Atoll
Multi-layers Networks (HCS)
Concentric Cells (Overlay/Underlay)

Inner and outer subcells
Dual band stations, multi-bands networks
Advanced Voice Modelling

Support of FR, HR, EFR, AMR
Quality Indicator Predictions (BER, FER, MOS)
GPRS and GPRS/EDGE Networks

Support of standard EDGE (EGPRS) and EDGE evolution (EGPRS2)
Modelling of Traffic Parameters
Dimensioning of Multi-technology Networks
Coding Scheme, Throughput and BLER Predictions
Frequency Hopping
Base Band Hopping/Synthesized Frequency Hopping
HSN, MAIO, Synchronisation level
2G Workflow In Atoll
Open an existing project or
create a new one
Network Configuration
- Add Network Elements ACP
- Change Parameters
Basic Predictions
(Best Server, Signal Level)
Traffic Maps Dimensioning User-defined Values

Required Number
of TRXs
Neighbour Allocation
Automatic Frequency Allocation (AFP) Manual Frequency Allocation
List of Frequencies
Frequency Plan Analysis GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions
Prediction Reports
Training Programme
8. Using Drive Test

Resource Overview
Frequencies, BSICs and HSNs
Transmitter Parameters
Codec Configurations
Coding Scheme Configurations
Manual Resource Allocation
Automatic Resource Allocation : Overview

Resource Overview
Resources to be managed
Frequencies
BSICs
HSNs
Management from the Parameters Explorer
Description of frequency bands
Definition of Domains and Groups
Frequencies, BSICs, HSNs
Splitting resources over validation domains:

Domain = set of groups
Group = set of resources (channels, BSICs, HSNs)
Allocated resources must belong to the related domains

Frequencies
Domains and Groups of frequencies
Frequency band related

to the domain
Description of groups
The group 1 contains all the channels between 55 and 87 except the channel 60.
The group 2 contains all the channels between 10 and 30 and the channel 35.
One frequency domain assigned to each TRX type per cell type
Frequencies allocated to TRXs manually or automatically (using an AFP)

BSICs
Domains and Groups of BSICs

BSIC BCCH : cell identifier
Made of 2 codes
Network colour code (NCC 0 7) + BTS colour code (BCC 0 7)
Default format : octal (base 8)

NCC 5 + BCC 4 BSIC 54
Format selection in the transmitters context menu
Same procedure and GUI as the one available for frequency domain and group definition
One BSIC domain assigned to each transmitter
One BSIC allocated to each transmitter manually or automatically (using an AFP)

HSNs
Domains and Groups of HSNs
HSNs (hopping sequence number)

Random sequence generator
Description of the frequency hopping sequence
64 available values [0..63]
Pseudo-random sequences except HSN = 0 (cyclic hopping)
Same procedure and GUI as the one available for frequency domain and group definition
One HSN domain assigned to each TRX type per cell type
One HSN allocated to each subcell per transmitter manually or automatically (using an AFP)

Transmitter Properties : General Tab
HCS layer which the

transmitter belongs to
Specific layer
admission threshold
(optional) which
overwrites the default
layer threshold

Definition of Service Layers

Priority of the HCS layer
Highest value has the highest priority
Used in coverage predictions
Default reception threshold to be attached to a HCS layer

Used in coverage predictions with the layer priority parameter.
Highest priority layer will be considered only if the its signal level is
higher that this threshold.
May be used as layer border
Each transmitter can belong to a HCS layer (optional)

Transmitter Properties : TRXs Tab (1/2)
Choice of a cell type =

Template for Subcells
Each transmitter must
Specific max number of
refer to a cell type
TRXs
(mandatory)
(Only used for
Initialisation of subcell
Dimensioning)
parameters in
transmitters
Frequency band
related to the BCCH
Allowed propagation
subcell frequency
range for the considered
domain (used by
transmitter
propagation
models)
Transmitter identification
Reselect offset used for
parameters: BCCH, BSIC
the best idle mode
domain and BSIC value
reselection criterion (C2)
(NCC-BCC)

Transmitter Properties : TRXs Tab (2/2)
Subcell settings
properties initialised by
Scrolling box to select
the values given to the
the different views of the
selected cell type
subcell table (Standard,
Traffic Data, AFP Parameters related to
Indicators) dimensioning
Parameters related to
frequency hopping
List of TRXs
Allocated channels Button to access the
(automatic or manual) selected subcell property
Parameter related to dialogue
frequency hopping

Transmitter Properties : "Cell Type" = Template for Subcells

Description of each TRX type you may have within a transmitter
Each transmitter must refer to a cell type (mandatory)

Initialisation of subcell parameters in transmitters
Properties of a standard
macro cell 1800
Codec Configurations (1/5)
Codec Modes and Configurations (Voice Only)
Read only list of all possible

codec modes (can be edited in
database format)
List of the available codec configurations

in the current project
Codec Configurations Properties
Quality Indicator used to select the

codec mode in case of ideal link
adaptation. For a given quality, the
codec mode with the best Quality
Indicator is selected (quality threshold
tab). Unless the codec mode is
selected according to the quality
thresholds defined in the adaptation
threshold tab
Noise of the receiver used to

establish the current graphs.
To be compared with the
actual noise of the studied
terminal
Codec Mode Selection

Defines the required quality to select each
codec mode in case of non ideal link
adaptation. For several compliant codec
modes (supported by the base station and
the terminal), the one with the highest priority
(as defined in the codec mode table) is
selected
Defines the Quality Indicator graphs

for each codec mode. In case of ideal
link adaptation, for a given quality, the
codec mode with the best Quality
Indicator is selected. This graphs are
also used for Quality Indicator studies
such as a Quality Indicator value (BER,
FER or MOS) is provided from a
quality (C/N or C/I+N) in input
Codec Configuration Assignment
Transmitter Properties : Configurations Tab
Type of
configuration
installed on the
transmitter
Codec Configuration Assignment
Terminal Properties
Codec configuration
supported by the terminal
(optional, used as a filter
on the selected codec
configuration on base
station side)
Coding Scheme Configurations (1/5)
Coding Schemes List and Configurations (GPRS/EDGE Only)

Read only list of all possible Coding Schemes
(can be edited in database format)
Max served
RLC/MAC
throughput
List of the available Coding Coding Scheme Technology: GPRS, standard Type of modulation. A power
Scheme configurations in the name as displayed EDGE (EGPRS) or EDGE backoff is applied for GMSK,
current project in predictions evolution (EGPRS2) 16 and 32QAM
Coding Scheme Configurations Properties
Coding Scheme Selection Definition of

graphs
C and C/I throughput/TS vs.
admission C or C/I
thresholds for
each Coding
Scheme
List of possible
Coding Schemes
in the Coding
Scheme Possibility to define
configuration specific threshold
according to
mobility types,
frequency bands,
frequency hopping
Tool to adapt the and MAL Length
admission thresholds
for a maximum user-
defined BLER value
Coding Scheme Configuration Assignment
Transmitter Properties : Configurations Tab

Defines the capability
(or not) of the station to
support or not packet-
switched traffic
Type of
configuration
installed on the
transmitter
Coding Scheme Configuration Assignment

Terminal Properties
Support of voice only

(GSM) or with packet
switched traffic (GPRS or
GPRS\EDGE)
Coding Scheme
configuration supported by
the terminal (optional, used
as a filter on the selected
Coding Scheme
configuration on base
station side)
Max supported GPRS or

EDGE CS by the terminal
Manual Resource Allocation (1/3)
Allocation of frequencies for each requested TRX of a subcell
1 BCCH TRX mandatory
Depends on the hopping mode defined in subcells

Non hopping or BBH mode : 1 frequency per TRX
SFH : 1 frequency list per TRX + MAIO
Depends on the allocation strategy : group constrained or free

Group constrained: only frequencies belonging to a same group in a frequency domain which are not
excluded for a given subcell can be allocated
Free: all the frequencies of a frequency domain excepted the ones excluded from the subcell can be
allocated
Allocation of the BCCH and the BSIC to each transmitter

Subcells and TRXs parameters in Transmitter Properties
TRX allocation : entire frequency Synchronisation site

HSN domain selection
group if Allocation strategy = used to calculate
and HSN allocation
Group Constrained collision probabilities
No. of TRXs to be
created per subcell
Channel allocation:
Allowed domains
1 per TRX (NH or BBH)
for related TRXs
List in SFH
List of TRX types to List of possible channels in the defined

To be filled when
be created empty by domains (Entire frequency group if
using SFH
default Allocation strategy = Group Constrained)

Allocation of frequencies in the TRX table
By copy-paste
Using the table generic import

From any ASCII text file
From any table exported using the generic export feature within Atoll

Automatic Resource Allocation Overview (1/2)
Generic dialogs in Atoll for any AFP model
Possibility to allocate
Frequencies, Frequency Hopping Groups (MALs), HSNs, MAIOs, BSICs
Possibility to select AFP-dependant strategies

Azimuth-oriented allocation, optimisation of the number of TRXs to increase the correctly
served traffic,
Goal of AFP
Find optimal allocations that minimise interferences over the network and comply with a set of
constraints (separation, frequency domain limitation)
Principle of an AFP model

Convergence criterion based on a cost function
The cost function consists of two main components
Cost component due to interferences
Cost component due to separation constraint violations
The AFP model tries to minimise the value of the cost function

Automatic Resource Allocation Overview (2/2)
AFP Process
AFP Progress
AFP Launching
AFP Results

Training Programme
8. Using Drive Test

Available Predictions
Examples of Service Area Definition
Service and User Modelling
Coverage Predictions
Point Analysis Tool

Available Predictions
Coverage Predictions
Basic Quality Predictions
Interfered areas prediction
Coverage by C/I level
Circuit Service Dedicated Prediction

Circuit Quality Indicators
Packet Service Dedicated Predictions

Coding Scheme coverage
Packet throughput coverage
Point Analysis
Reception and Interference Analysis at a Given Point
Principles
Prediction Calculated for a given frequency plan

Definition of Service Areas in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Definition of the service zone of each transmitter
Selection of the server
All
Best signal level
Second best signal
Best signal level per HCS layer
Second best signal level per HCS layer
HCS servers
Highest priority HCS server
Best idle mode reselection criterion (C2)

Using the reselection offset defined at the transmitter level

Network Model
Stations
3 tri-sectors base stations on a micro layer
1 omni base station on a macro layer
1 omni base station on an umbrella layer
Cells
Layers
Mobilities
3 mobilities defined in the network : pedestrian (3, 50 and 90 km/h)

All Servers
No competition between cells and between layers

Overlapping of all the layers
Border of each cell defined by its BCCH reception
threshold (-105/-102 dBm)
-105 dBm -102 dBm

Best Server
Layers not considered

Competition between cells whatever their layer is
No overlapping
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the best
server
Best
server
limits

Second Best Server

No overlapping
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the second
best server
2nd best
server
limits

Best Server per HCS Layer
One best server prediction per layer

Competition between cells on each different layer
Overlapping between layers is possible
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the best
server on each layer
-105 dBm -102 dBm
Best server
limits on the
micro layer

Second Best Server per HCS Layer
One second best server prediction per layer

threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the second
best server on each layer
Only 1 server on the macro layer

and on the umbrella layer
No second best server on these
layers
-102 dBm
2nd best server

limits on the
micro layer

HCS Servers
One best server prediction per layer

threshold (-105/-102 dBm), its HCS admission threshold
(-105/-90-84 dBm) and its ability to be the best server on
each layer
-84 dBm
-90 dBm

Highest Priority HCS Server
Competition between cells and between layers

On each pixel, the coverage corresponds to the best
server on the highest priority layer, assuming the highest
priority is defined by the priority value (0:lowest) if the
received signal level exceeds the HCS layer threshold.
Overlapping between layers is not possible
threshold (-105/-102 dBm), its HCS admission threshold
(-105/-90-84 dBm) and its ability to be the best server on
the highest priority layer
In the case of same priority, the server with the highest
signal level difference from its layer threshold is selected.
-84 dBm
-90 dBm
-105 dBm
Zones where the

Zones where the micro micro layer has
and the macro layers the highest
have an higher priority priority
than the umbrella layer

Server with the Best Idle Mode Reselection Criterion (C2)

No overlapping
C1 = reception level - subcell reception threshold
When C1>0, C2 = C1 + cell reselection offset
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to have the best
C2
Best C2
criterion
limits

Basic Quality Predictions (1/6)
Generic Dialog for all the predictions (General, Condition, Display tabs)
Available Coverage Prediction Templates

Coverage by C/I level prediction: global analysis of the network quality
Interfered areas prediction: areas where a Rx is interfered
Definition of the zone to study in the Condition Tab

Server selection
All
Best signal level / second best signal
Best signal level per HCS layer / second best signal level per HCS layer
HCS servers
Shadowing considered or not + Cell Edge Coverage Probability
Indoor coverage or not (receiver located indoor)
Subcell or user-defined reception thresholds

Interference Condition
Interference studied on a TRX type (or All)
Calculation of C/I and comparison with upper and lower thresholds
Subcell or user-defined C/I thresholds
Optional Interference Computations
Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)
Consideration of C/I levels satisfied by at least one TRX or the worst one
Possibility to evaluate interference level on a specific channel
Separated study of the contribution of co and/or adjacent channels, external sources of interferences
(e.g. UMTS network)
Modelling of the DTX with a voice activity factor
Consideration of the traffic load per subcell
Detailed results
NH : per TRX type
BBH : per TRX type and MAL
SFH : per TRX type and MAL-MAIO
Colouring depending on attributes

C/I level, Max C/I level, Min C/I level
Transmitter
Any transmitter attribute...

Coverage by C/I Level Prediction

Global analysis of the network quality
Filter the useful

signal
Filter C/I
values
Interference
calculation options
Coverage by C/I Level Prediction
Overlapping zones
with a lower quality
(low C/I)

Interfered Zones Prediction

Areas where a Rx is interfered
Filter the useful

signal
Filter C/I
values
Threshold under which

interferences are
considered
Interference
calculation options
Interfered Zones Prediction
Areas where the receiver is

interfered (where the C/I is lower
than the user-defined threshold)
on the HCS server areas

Circuit Service Dedicated Predictions (1/4)
Generic Dialog for all the Predictions (General, Condition, Display tabs)
Principles
Coverage by FER, BER or MOS according to the radio conditions (C/N or C/I+N) and the
possible codecs for terminals and transmitters
Definition of the Zone to study in the Condition Tab
Definition of the Service Zone of each transmitter

Server selection
All
HCS servers
Subcell or user-defined reception thresholds

Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or based on a user-defined value)
Filter on interfered TRX types (or all)
Optional interference computations
(e.g. UMTS network)
Quality Indicator Calculation

Based on defined codecs
Depending on radio conditions (C/N or C/I+N)
Consideration of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)
Consideration of specific terminal and mobilities for compliancy with selected terminals and mobilities in
codec configuration
Colouring depending on Quality Indicators

BER, FER, MOS
Best BER, best FER, best MOS

Type of CQI displayed

(BER, FER or MOS)

Overlapping zones with a lower

quality and consequently where
the BER is higher

Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (1/8)
Generic Dialogs (General, Condition, Display tabs)
Available Coverage Prediction Templates

GPRS/EDGE Coding Scheme
Coding Schemes selected according to assigned Coding Scheme configuration and radio conditions
Throughput Predictions
RLC/MAC throughput/TS: gross throughput directly obtained from Coding Schemes
Application throughput/TS: obtained from RLC/MAC Throughput + scaling factor and offset defined per
service
Max throughput: Application throughput/TS multiplied by the number of TS available per connection
(defined in Terminals number of available TS + number of available carriers in case of EGPRS2 - and
in Services)
User throughput: Max throughput reduced by the reduction factor due to user multiplexing as defined in a
selected dimensioning model
Quality Predictions
BLER obtained from the difference between the served RLC/MAC throughput/TS and the maximum
RLC/MAC throughput/TS that the served Coding Scheme can provide.


Server Selection
All
HCS servers
Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)
Filter on interfered TRX types (or all)
Optional interference computations
(e.g. UMTS network)

GPRS/EDGE Specific Options

Limitation to GPRS or EDGE Coding Schemes only (or both)
Min Coding Scheme between C and C/I graphs or max Coding Scheme between C/N and
C/I+N graphs
Ideal link adaptation (selection of the Coding Scheme providing the highest throughput)
Consideration of specific terminal and mobilities for compliancy with selected terminals and
mobilities in codec configuration
Possibility to colour the pixels depending on

Coding Scheme, Best Coding Scheme
Throughput per timeslot, best and average throughput per timeslot
RLC/MAC Throughput/TS
Application Throughput/TS
Effective Throughput per connection, best and average effective throughput per connection
Max Throughput
User Throughput
BLER or max BLER

GPRS/EDGE Coding Schemes

GPRS/EDGE Coding Schemes
High quality areas of a

EDGE-capable
transmitter
MCS9
High quality areas of

High quality areas a EGPRS2-capable
of a purely GPRS transmitter
transmitter DBS11
CS4
Overlapping zones
and consequently
with a lower Coding
Scheme

Packet Throughput and Quality
Selection of a propagation model to extract from

it the throughput reduction factor due to user
multiplexing Only used in User Throughputs

RLC/MAC and Application Throughputs
High quality areas of a

GPRS/EDGE
transmitter
High throughput
Overlapping zones
Low throughput

RLC/MAC and Application Throughputs
Application throughput
reduction compared to
RLC/MAC throughput

Point Interference Analysis (1/3)
Interference Window of Point Analysis Tool

Selection of potentially interfered transmitter
Indoor reception or not (receiver located indoor)
Filter on interfered TRX type (or all)
Filter on interferers
Possibility to consider any combination of co-channel, adjacent channel or external interferences (e.g.
UMTS network)
Possibility to consider or not the receiver noise N
Analysis
NH : per TRX type
BBH : per TRX type and MAL
SFH : per TRX type and MAL-MAIO
Std deviation type (model or C/I) + Cell Edge Coverage Probability
Reduction factor on signal and interference levels represented by partly filled bars
Interfered reception bar: reduction due to power offset
Interferer reception bars: reduction due to power offset, adjacent channel protection level, fractional
load, mean power control
Display on the map of interferers and related contributions to total interference
Differentiation between co-channel and adjacent channel interferers

Interference Tab in Point Analysis Window
Studied
transmitter,
subcell and
Interference area
TRX
based on C/I
Signal level conditions Display of
(C) of the adjacent channel
potential interference
victim at the
receiver Display of co-
channel Received noise
interference (I) from
surrounding co-
and adjacent
channels at the
receiver
Interference
types
Resulting C/I or C/I+N value
Transmitters participating in
the noise determination
Details Tab in Point Analysis Window
Interference area
based on C/I
conditions
Signal level and

interference level
for each received
transmitter on the
receiver location

Training Programme
8. Using Drive Test

Neighbour Features in Atoll
Definitions
Importing Neighbours
Neighbours Automatic Allocation
Displaying Neighbour Relations on the Map
Modifying Neighbour Relations Manually
Exporting Neighbour Relations

Definitions
Reference Cell
The cell to which you are allocating neighbours
Possible Neighbours
The cells that fulfil the requirements to be neighbours
Intra-technology Neighbours
The cells defined as neighbours that use the same technology as the reference cell
E.g., UMTS-UMTS, GSM-GSM, LTE-LTE
Inter-technology Neighbours
The cells defined as neighbours that use a technology other than the reference cell
technology
E.g., UMTS-GSM, UMTS-LTE, GSM-LTE

Importing Neighbours (1/2)
Possibility to copy/paste or to import a list of neighbours
Prerequisites
A text file with at least 2 columns
Name of the reference cells
Name of neighbour cells

Importing Neighbours (2/2)

Neighbour Automatic Allocation (1/5)
Possibility to define neighbourhood constraints to be considered during the automatic

neighbour allocation
List of neighbour relations you may force

or forbid

Allocation Parameters
Maximum Number of Neighbours

Global value for all cells or value specified for each cell
Maximum Inter-site Distance
Allocation Strategy Based on the Overlapping of Cell Coverage

GSM Technology
Coverage Calculation
conditions options
Overlapping
criterion
Do not select the option if
Start allocation you want to keep existing
neighbours

GSM Technology
Overlapping Criterion
% min covered area is defined by the formula : (SA SB) / SA where :

SA is the coverage area of A restricted by HO start and HO end
SB is the best server area of Cell B B best server area
(Candidate)
A best server area
(Reference) B
A
Best signal level
for A - HO end
Best signal level

Minimum for A - HO start
BCCH of A

Allocation Result
Sorted List of Neighbours with Allocation Reasons and Importance Value (0-1)
Allocation results
Sort and filtering tools
Summary report listing existing, new Commit selected

and removed neighbours neighbours only
Displaying Neighbour Relations on the Map (1/3)
Select the icon in the toolbar and click a transmitter on the map

Additional Display Options
Click the icon from the toolbar
Symmetric link: site10_2(0) is

neighbour of site22_3(0) and
vice-versa
Direction of the neighbour

relation
Inwards link: site22_3(0) is
neighbour of site9_3(0)
Outwards link: site1_2(0) is

neighbour of site22_3(0)

Possibility to display coverage area of cells neighbours according to any neighbour

characteristics on the map
Calculate and display a coverage by transmitter on the map
Display neighbour relations of the desired transmitter
Click the icon from the toolbar

Modifying Neighbour Relations Manually
Possibility to add/remove neighbour relations on the map using the ctrl and shift
shortcuts
Possibility to add/remove neighbours in the transmitter property dialogue
Neighbour list of BRU038_G2
List of transmitters within a 30 km

radius from the selected one
(sorted in a ascending inter-site
distance order)

Exporting Neighbour Relations
Possibility to Copy/Paste or to Export the List of Neighbours

Training Programme
7. Automatic Frequency Allocation
8. Using Drive Test

Network Consistency Checking
Find On Map Tool
Frequency Histograms
Interactive Frequency Planning

Network Consistency Checking
Tool to check the consistency of a network

Recommended after an automatic or manual allocation
Available by selecting frequency plan and audit in the transmitters folder context menu
Consistency checking performed on

The active and filtered transmitters which belong to the transmitters folder for which the audit
was launched and to the focus zone (if existing or otherwise to the computation zone) as well
:TBA transmitters
The potential interferers with TBA transmitters if the option load all interferers propagating in
the focus zone (or in the computation zone if not defined)
The transmitters involved in the specified separation conditions with TBA transmitters
(neighbours, co-site transmitters, transmitters or subcells of exceptional pairs, neighbours of
neighbours in case of BSIC allocation)
Systematic checking
Unique BCCH TRX per transmitter, consistency TRXs/cell types,
Additional checking on frequencies, HSNs and/or BSICs

Domains compliance, separation constraints, no empty domain, (BSIC-BCCH) checking,

Find On Map Tool (1/4)
Tool to visualise channel and BSIC reuse on the map
Possibility to find transmitters which are assigned a given :

Channel (of a specified type broadcast or not)
BCCH-BSIC pairs
HSNs
MAIOs
Any combination of any resource
Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched channel (co-
channel) and its adjacent channels
Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched (BSIC-BCCH)
pair
Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched (Channel-
HSN) pair
Way to use this tool
Create and calculate a coverage by transmitter with a colour display by transmitter
Open the Find on Map tool available in the toolbar

Channel Reuse on the Map

Select the GSM Channel option
Search type
Search
options
Colours given to transmitters

Red: co-channel transmitters
Orange: co-channel transmitters and different subcell
Yellow: multi-adjacent channel (-1 and +1) transmitters
Green: adjacent channel (-1) transmitters
Blue: adjacent channel (+1) transmitters
Grey + Thin Line Symbol: other transmitters

BSIC-BCCH Reuse on the Map

Select the BSIC-BCCH Pair option
Search type
Search options
(BSIC given in value
or in NCC-BCC)

Red : searched transmitters
Grey : others

Channel-HSN Reuse on the Map
Search type
Search
options

Red : searched transmitters
Grey : others

Frequency Histograms
Display of the Frequency Distribution
Available by selecting frequency plan and channel distribution in the transmitters folder
context menu

Aim : verify the current frequency allocation

For each single transmitter
Interactively propose alternative solutions to the current allocation
Addition of new TRXs by selecting the most appropriate channel(s)
Selection of an available AFP model

Use of an AFP license
Use of the settings of the selected AFP model
Use of the active Interference Matrices
AFP : selection of channels according to the lowest overall cost over all the network
IFP : selection of channels according to the lowest cost obtained on the selected transmitter
Powerful graphic user interface

Variable thickness arrows to each interfered or interfering transmitter
Thickness defined according to interference probability
Possibility to filter transmitters according to their contribution to the AFP cost
IFP running Selection of a Selection AFP

command on transmitter of an AFP properties,
the selected and a TRX model settings and
subcell type related tables
Selected Alternative Filtering Interference

subcell actual allocations and according to cost probabilities
allocation associated cost
Selection of an
alternative
channel
Commit of the
new channel
allocation
Selection of a
different subcell
Case of 1
missing TRX
Selection of the
channel to be assigned
to the new TRX
Commit of the
TRX creation
Actual
considered item
(new TRX)
Using the
same
interface,
possibility to Analysis in case
analyse the the selected Interference
IM subcell is either probabilities
probabilities victim or interferer
for a given
subcell Probability given
for co-channel or
Victim of
adjacent channel
interferer filtering
interferences
Training Programme
8. Using Drive Test
Automatic Frequency Planning Overview
AFP Standard Parameters
Interference Matrices
Automatic Frequency Allocation With AFP
Automatic Frequency Planning Overview
Generic dialogs available for any AFP model
Frequencies, Frequency Hopping Groups (MALs), HSNs, MAIOs, BSICs
Possibility to select AFP-dependant strategies

Azimuth-oriented allocation, optimisation of the number of TRXs to increase the correctly
served traffic,
Goal of AFP
Find optimal allocations that minimise interferences over the network and comply with a set of
constraints (separation, frequency domain limitation)
Principle of an AFP model

Convergence criterion based on a cost function
The cost function consists of two main components
Cost component due to interferences
Cost component due to separation constraint violations
The AFP model tries to minimise the value of the cost function
Weights
To increase or decrease importance of subcells and transmitters during AFP
Defined at Tx and subcell levels
Subcell Quality Requirements

Minimum C/I threshold
Maximum percentage of interferences
Domain Resources
Frequency and HSN : subcell level
Possibility to allocate within preferred frequency groups
BSIC : Tx level
Locking Options
To keep an existing allocation
Possibility to keep
Channel(s) assigned to a TRX
HSN assigned to a subcell
HSNs assigned to all the subcells of a Tx
BSIC assigned to a Tx
Requirements
Number of required TRXs per transmitter (existing dimensioning results)
Existing neighbour allocation
Definition of subcell hopping mode
Optional Interference Matrices (calculated or imported)
Possibility to start an AFP on all the transmitters, on a group of transmitters, or on a

single transmitter
Allocation Steps
Setting AFP inputs
Loading and checking the network and starting the AFP
Analysing allocation results
Calculation of Interference Matrices
Computation of C/I probabilities between pairs of victim/interferer subcells (for hypothetic co-
channel interferences)
Interference probability defined

in % of interfered area or traffic
Import of Interference Matrices
Loading of ASCII files containing C/I probabilities between pairs of victim/interferer subcells,
coming from OMC statistics or measurement analysis
4 formats supported
Clc : per pair of subcells, 1 histogram containing the
probabilities of having certain values of C/I, formatted in
columns (dictionary file .dct mandatory)
Im0 : per pair of subcells, 1 histogram containing the
probabilities of having certain values of C/I, formatted in rows
Im1 : per pair of subcells, 1 histogram containing the
probabilities of having certain values of C/I, formatted in
columns (no dictionary file needed)
Im2 : per pair of subcells, 1 Interference Matrix containing
the probabilities of having C/I value lower than the min C/I
threshold defined in the victims subcell.
Displays the Interference Matrix
scope and statistics
Interference Matrices Properties
User-defined parameters, set

according to the Interference
Matrix type
(Used by the AFP model for
the matrix combination)
Definition of the
interference type
Automatic Frequency Planning Process
1st Step : Involved Items

Planning of different resources
User-defined strategies
Possibility to allocate AFP indicators
Selected AFP
model
Resources to
be allocated
Possibility to run specific

allocation strategies
(depending on the model)
additional indicators
(depending on the model)
2nd Step : Separation Constraints
Definition of inter-channel separation constraints

Exceptional pairs
Co-site, co-cell and neighbours distinction
Traffic and control subcell distinction
Highest priority separation

rules (relax or increase the
default separation
constraints
Default
separation
rules
3rd Step : Advanced AFP Settings

Selection of the subcell type to be allocated
Other subcells are considered locked for this allocation
Possibility to lock existing TRXs regarding to their TRX type
Traffic load source (user-defined or from the default capture)
Consideration of not of the DTX mode (+ voice activity factor)
Selection of
Selection of subcells to be
the TRXs not
allocated. Only selected
to be re-
types may have their TRXs
allocated
created or re-allocated
4th Step : Loading And Checking The Network
Network Loading
The transmitters to be allocated : TBA transmitters

Active and filtered transmitters which belong to the transmitters folder for which the AFP was
launched and to the focus zone (if existing or otherwise to the computation zone) as well
The potential interferers with TBA transmitters if the option load all interferers propagating in the focus
zone (or in the computation zone if not defined)
The transmitters involved in the specified separation conditions with TBA transmitters
Neighbours, co-site transmitters, transmitters or subcells of exceptional pairs, neighbours of
neighbours in case of BSIC allocation
5th Step : Last Settings Before Starting AFP
Network consistency checking

Non-blocking warnings : values
out of range, inconsistencies of the
existing allocation
Blocking errors : empty domains
Event viewer
The strategy used by the

AFP model depends on the
specified time
The path to a solution is

initialised by a seed
number
6th Step : Checking Result Progress

Information About AFP Progress
AFP progress

Costs and
components of all
the solutions having
improved the
frequency plan

Cost and load

histograms
7th Step : Analysing Allocation Results

Frequency Plan Output Dialogue : Summary Tab
Total number of
Initial plan allocation weighted
information Erlangs in the
AFP scope
Best plan allocation

information
Elapsed and
target
computation
times
Costs and components

of all the solutions Number of
having improved the evaluated
frequency plan (same as solutions at this
in the AFP progress step
dialogue)

Frequency Plan Output Dialogue : Allocation Tab
Information on Possibility to
Allocated resources
separation violation keep existing
or existing
results
Resource coloured
according to its
allocation status
Information to be
displayed
Reset plan to previous one
Deletion of TRXs violating

separation constraints Possibility to
resume or assign
Export results in text the obtained
files frequency plan

Frequency Plan Output Dialogue : Subcells Tab
Cost components
and AFP indicators
(possibly depending
on the selected
strategy when having
run the AFP) before
and after the
allocation
Training Programme
8. Using Drive Test
Drive Test Features in Atoll
Drive Test Import
Drive Test Management
Drive Test Graphic Analysis
Drive Test Import
Drive Tests
Field measurements are collected to evaluate and analyse the network performances in
terms of signal level and quality.
Supported files for Import

Any ASCII text file (with tab, semi-colon or blank character as separator)
Tems FICS-Planet export (*.Pln)
Tems text export (*.Fmt)
Mandatory file structure

Measured data
Header
Measured data
Cell Identifier 1
Cell Identifier n
Transmitter 1
Transmitter n
Coordinates
Drive Test Import
Import Procedure
Right-click on the Drive Test Data folder to access the Import option
Setup of different parameters:

Receiver height, gain and losses
Measurement points position (X and Y coordinates)
Identification
At transmitter level
BSIC/BCCH pair or Cell ID in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
At cell level
Scrambling Code or Cell ID in UMTS/HSPA
Physical Cell ID in LTE
Preamble Index or Cell ID (BSID) in WiMAX
PN Offset or Cell ID in CDMA2000
Import configuration files can be saved

Table
List of all the measurement points with their attributes and additional information
Standard content management and tools (filters, copy-paste, etc...)

Management of Measurement Path Points
Option of extracting a field related to a

specific transmitter along a path
Creation of any prediction on the

transmitters measured along the path
Option of creating as many CW measurement

paths as the number of involved transmitters
along the path. These data can be used to
calibrate any propagation model
Possibility to save the
current filter settings
in a configuration file
Filter per type(s)

of clutter
Advanced filter on
additional survey Permanent
data deletion of out-of-
filter points
Using the Atoll display dialog, you can display the

points according to any data contained in the
measurement table
List of existing
predictions in the
measurement table
Option of preparing additional prediction

studies along the path using the existing
transmitter parameters (antennas, propagation
models, etc)
Test Mobile Data Analysis Window
Display on the map
Transmitters measured
and indexed for the
current point.
Test Mobile Data Analysis Tool (1/2)
Test Mobile Data Analysis Tool (2/2)
Synchronisation
Option of displaying table map
variation of any measurement
selected numeric field window
along the selected
path
THANK YOU!

Atoll 3.1.0 GSM Gprs Edge Complete

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ATOLL GSM/GPRS/EDGE FEATURES

2. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Planning Overview

3. Modelling a GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network

6. Frequency Plan Analysis

8. Using Drive Test

Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 2 of 75

Frequency Hopping Overview

Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 3 of 75

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

Initially dedicated to voice services

Use of Coding Schemes

CS1 to 4 for GPRS (GMSK modulation) up to 171,2 kbps per frame (

MCS1 to 9 for EDGE (8PSK modulation) up to 384 kbps per frame

TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

Channel bandwidth = 200 KHz

Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS)

Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 5 of 75

Occurring between co and adjacent channels

Main issue of GSM/GPRS/EDGE

Uplink power control (currently not modelled in Atoll)

Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 6 of 75

Base Band Hopping (BBH)

Synthesized Frequency Hopping (SFH)

Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 7 of 75

HSN : Hopping Sequence Number

Synchronisation : hopping synchronisation of several subcells

MAL : Mobile Allocation List

MAIO : Mobile Allocation Index Offset

2. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Planning Overview

3. Modelling a GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network

6. Frequency Plan Analysis

8. Using Drive Test

Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 10 of 75

2G Features Supported in Atoll

Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 11 of 75

Multi-layers Networks (HCS)

Concentric Cells (Overlay/Underlay)

Advanced Voice Modelling

GPRS and GPRS/EDGE Networks

Traffic Maps Dimensioning User-defined Values

Automatic Frequency Allocation (AFP) Manual Frequency Allocation

Frequency Plan Analysis GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions

2. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Planning Overview

3. Modelling a GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network

6. Frequency Plan Analysis

8. Using Drive Test

Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 14 of 75

Frequencies, BSICs and HSNs

Coding Scheme Configurations

Manual Resource Allocation

Automatic Resource Allocation : Overview

Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 15 of 75

Management from the Parameters Explorer

Description of frequency bands

Definition of Domains and Groups

Frequencies, BSICs, HSNs

Splitting resources over validation domains:

Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 16 of 75

Domains and Groups of frequencies

Frequency band related

Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 17 of 75

Domains and Groups of BSICs

Default format : octal (base 8)