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BIOSIS
Global Model of Cerebral Blood Flow and Circulation
of Cerebrospinal Fluid- Naive Model
Czosnyka M, Piechnik S, Richards HK, Kirkpatrick P, Smielewski P, Pickard JD. Contribution of mathematical modelling to the bedside tests
of cerebrovascular autoregulation. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1997; 63:721-731
Blood Supply in Numbers
% brain utilization of total resting oxygen = 20%
% blood flow from heart to brain = 15-20% (Kandel et al., 2000)
Blood flow rate through each carotid artery = 350 ml/min (Kandel et al., Principles of Neural
Science, New York: McGraw Hill, 2000)
Blood flow rate through basilar artery = 100-200 ml/min (Kandel et al., 2000)
Diameter of vertebral artery = 2-3 mm
Diameter of common carotid artery (adult) = 6 mm
Diameter of common carotid artery (newborn) = 2.5 mm
More realistic view: MRI angiography
Circle of Willis Pulsatile MCA pressure and blood flow
Blood flow has usually stronger higher harmonics distortion
than blood pressure
Tissue makeup of
vascular wall
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa
Human Physiology
ED. Davies A, Blakeley AGH, Kidd C
Blood volume segmentation
Straight sinus
Cavernous sinus
Transverse sinus
Confluence of sinuses
Basilar plexus
D P0 4
Q0 flow is steady,
128 L the tube has constant and circular
cross section
hydraulic resistance per tube length is
fluid is Newtonian,
constant and equal:
the tube axis is straight,
the tube is of infinite length
P0 L 128
RH 0 (velocity profile is developed).
Q0 D 4
RA (1)R0
r0iri Li
VA 0
r0r L
r0r Ra R0r4
Li Va V0r2
RV 0
VV (1)V0
12
V Lr r V0 r
o
2 2 2
V (1 r )V0 2 V N
i2
i L i ro2i ri 2
L 4
R (1 r ) R0 1 i Li
R R0 r 4
12
8ro r
4 4 R N i 8 ro4i ri 4
F F0 i2
1 r 4
F P R F0 r 4 F P R ( r ,..., r )
2 12
where:
V is the mean velocity of the object relative to the fluid (SI units: m/s)
L is a characteristic linear dimension, (travelled length of the fluid) (m)
is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid (Pas or Ns/m or kg/(ms))
is the kinematic viscosity ( = / ) (m/s)
p is the density of the fluid (kg/m)
ICA
Centrifugal effect deforms axial velocity profile and develops the secondary flow
which has vortex pattern.
The resultant flow is helical in both halves of the tube
Thanks to Prof.K.Cieslicki
Resistance to flow of tortuous tubes
All characteristics start from the
0.24 value obtained for a straight tube
Physiological range
(HP formula)
Resistance to flow [s/cm ]
3
0.20
Regardless the tube shape, the
H8
resistance to flow is well fitted by
0.16 H19
equation:
in a straight tube
3D
Limit of laminar flow
0.12 coiled tube Z=J/Q = A + B Re 0.5
straight tube
0.08
0.04
Re
0.00
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Double hump velocity profile at the entrance of the BA gradually transforms into
parabolic.
CMRO2
CMRGlu
PET: Monitoring of Oxygen Extraction Fraction
50 r=0.69 p=0.002
Lactate/pyruvate
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
OEF