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Wire Rope
Technical Manual
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Technical Manual
Wire Rope
Factory and sales

Av. Marechal Rondon, 1215
ZIP Code 06093-900 - Osasco - SP
Phone: 0800 709 3777
Fax: (0xx11) 2147-8555
www.cimaf.com.br
April 2013
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Presentation
The wire ropes presented in this catalogue are manufactured with raw material provided by
Belgo Bekaert Arames, a joint venture between ArcelorMittal world reference in the steel
industry and Bekaert world reference in the manufacture of wires.
The Cimaf rope was the first wire rope manufactured in Brazil and consolidated itself
as the one of greater volume in Latin America. The Cimaf line of wire rope is the most
complete one in the continent.
Their products became renowned as a symbol of quality and trust, full technical support
being a differential of the brand.
Its manufacture counts with the most modern technology, following the highest standards
of quality.
What was good became even better.
The Cimaf wire ropes integrate the Belgo Bekaert Arames line of products, with all its
technology acquired on the course of years of research. Belgo Bekaert Arames offers
a line products which is increasingly complete and with an excellent level of quality,
ensuring the achievement of designs with technological growth and evolution.
To use Cimaf wire ropes is an assurance of safety with protection of the greatest
asset: LIFE.
Quality Assurance
Cimaf maintains a dynamic Quality Assurance System, in continuous enhancement,

seeking product constant improvement, through the essential element which is man.
This system is detailed in the Quality Manual and defines the inspection plans which
accompany the entire production, from the raw matter until the product. This process
certified by the ISO 9001:2008, by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and by the
Instituto Nacional de Metrologia [National Metrology Institute], includes gauging and
calibrating all the metering instruments and tests, including the internals audits of the
system, according to the national and international rules and standards.
4
1 Wires 9
1.1 Quality in material............................................................................9
2 Wire ropes 13
2.1 Constructions and lay types...........................................................13
2.1.1 Number of strands and number of wires in each strand.......................13
2.1.2 Core type..........................................................................................16
2.1.3 Direction and Lay Type.......................................................................17
2.2 Rope lay length..............................................................................18
2.3 Lubrification ...............................................................................18
2.4 Preforming....................................................................................20
2.5 Wire rope strength.........................................................................21
2.6 How to make an order...................................................................22
3 Properties of the wire rope 23

3.1 Working loads limit and design factors...........................................23
3.2 Constructional Stretch of the wire ropes.........................................24
3.3 Diameter of a wire rope..................................................................26
4 Recommendations for using 27

4.1 Choice of construction as a function of the application...................27
4.2 Diameters of sheaves and drums...................................................27
4.3 Fleet angle.....................................................................................29
5 Handling 31
5.1 How to handle...............................................................................31
5.2 Winding in smooth drum or reel.....................................................33
6 Wire rope splicing 35
5
7 Inspection and replacement criteria 39
7.1 Number of broken wires.................................................................39
7.2 External wear.................................................................................39
7.3 Corrosion......................................................................................40
7.4 Unbalance of the wire ropes...........................................................40
7.5 Deformation*................................................................................40
7.6 Replacement criteria......................................................................42
8 Product characteristics 43
8.1 Spiral strands................................................................................43
8.2 Wire rope - Class 6x7 e 8x7...........................................................44
8.3 Wire rope - Class 6x7....................................................................45
8.4 Wire rope - Class 6x19..................................................................46
8.5 Wire rope - Class 6x36..................................................................47
8.6 Wire rope - Class 6x61 .................................................................48
8.7 Wire rope - Class 8X19 ................................................................49
8.8 Wire rope - Class 18x7 and 35x7
(Rotation Resistant).......................................................................50
8.9 High Performance wire ropes ErgoFlex........................................51
8.10 High Performance wire ropes ErgoFlexPlus.................................52
8.11 Wire rope - Class 6x7 e 6x19 Galvanized.......................................53
8.12 High Performance wire ropes - ProPac...........................................54
8.13 High Performance wire ropes - PowerPac .....................................55
8.14 High Performance wire ropes MinePac........................................55
9 Tables 57
9.1 Spiral Strands 19 and 37 wires Electrification..............................57
9.2 Spiral Strands 7 and 19 wires - Automobile Industry......................58
9.3 Wire rope class 6x7 - steel core
Automobile Industry......................................................................58
9.4 Wire rope class 6x7 - Fibre core....................................................59
9.5 Wire rope class 6x7 steel core....................................................59
9.6 Wire rope class 6x19 - Fibre core..................................................60
6
9.7 Wire rope class 6x19 - Steel core..................................................61
9.8 Wire rope class 6x36 - Fibre core..................................................62
9.9 Wire rope class 6x36 - Steel core..................................................63
9.10 CWire rope class 6x36 - Steel core................................................64
9.11 Wire rope class 8x19 - Fibre core
Special for Passenger Elevators - Traction......................................65
9.12 Cabo de ao classe 8x19 - Alma de fibra
Especial para Elevadores de Passageiros - Limitador......................65
9.13 Wire rope class 18x7.....................................................................66
9.14 Wire rope class 6x19 - Fibre Core - Fishing....................................67
9.15 ProPac..........................................................................................68
9.16 PowerPac......................................................................................69
9.17 ErgoFlex........................................................................................70
9.18 ErgoFlex Plus.................................................................................71
9.19 MinePac........................................................................................72
10 Recommendations of wire ropes 74

10.1 Bulldozer.......................................................................................74
10.2 Bulldozer.......................................................................................75
10.3 Bulldozer.......................................................................................76
10.4 Crane on tracks.............................................................................77
10.5 Stationary crane............................................................................78
10.6 Overhead crane.............................................................................79
10.7 Suction dredge..............................................................................80
10.8 Transportation of wooden logs.......................................................81
10.9 Pile driver......................................................................................82
10.10 Mining - Inclined plane...................................................................83
10.11 Mining - Inclined well.....................................................................84
10.12 Vertical well...................................................................................84
10.13 Cableway .....................................................................................85
10.14 Blast furnace.................................................................................86
10.15 Passenger elevator........................................................................87
10.16 Work site winch - Work site elevator..............................................88
10.17 Percussion drilling.........................................................................89
10.18 Rotary drilling................................................................................90
10.19 Ropes for offshore.........................................................................91
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10.20 Rope for navy................................................................................92
10.21 Ropes for fishing...........................................................................93
10.22 Suspension bridge.........................................................................94
10.23 Highway protection........................................................................95
10.24 Electricity......................................................................................96
10.25 Port crane.....................................................................................97
10.26 Tirfor.............................................................................................98
10.27 Suspended Fishing Tackle..............................................................98
10.28 Derrick..........................................................................................99
10.29 Rocker arm.................................................................................100
10.30 Tensostructure.............................................................................101
10.31 Hillo Winch..................................................................................102
8
Initial Correspondence in N/mm2
PS 1370 - 1770
1 WiresIPS
EIPS
1570 - 1960
1770 - 2160
EEIPS 1960 - 2160
1.1 QualitySHT
in material 2160 - 2350
The steel wires used in manufacturing a Cimaf rope are submitted to the strictest tests
corresponding to the most demanding specifications used in manufacturing wire ropes.
The materials approved by this testing ensure the safety and the good quality of the
finished product.
Conventionally, the wire ropes can be manufactured in some traction resistance
categories, namely:
Initial Correspondence in N/mm2

PS 1370 - 1770
IPS 1570 - 1960
EIPS 1770 - 2160
EEIPS 1960 - 2160
SHT 2160 - 2350
Wire Strength Category
Wire Strength Category
SHT EEIPS EIPS IPS PS
Graph showing the wire strength variations as a function of their respective diameters.
9
The initials PS, IPS, EIPS and EEIPS refer to the first stages of development of the wire
ropes and remain until today. The Plow Steel resistance curve forms the basis for
calculating the wire strengths.
As it can be observed in the graph, the wire traction resistance for each category is not
constant, varying inversely to their diameter.
The categories are also characterized by the quality of elasticity, resistance to traction and
to abrasion, which importance will depend on the application of the wire ropes.
However, the modern trend in manufacturing wire ropes is to obtain a product which
gathers all these characteristics in the highest possible degree.
The wire ropes manufactured in the SHT category are manufactured with steel core
(IWRC), being recommended for special applications, where a great resistance to traction
is required, having limitations of mass and diameter. It is a rope of maximum duration,
resistance and responsibility.
Main advantages of the SHT wire rope:
1 - Rupture load 10% greater than the EEIPS category, enabling the increase of load
capacity, without increasing the diameter of the wire rope.
2 - Insurmountable resistance to abrasion, kneading and shock.
It is worthwhile to remember that resistance to traction is not the only factor to be taken
into account when specifying the ropes. Thus, Cimaf produces wire ropes especially
developed for such applications as: passenger elevator, overhead crane, oil rig, winch,
work site elevator, among others.
2.1/2 Wire ropes
EIPS
EEIPS
SHT
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

kN
10
Note: The bright wire ropes in the gauges between 6.4 mm and 52 mm, have the
Faixa Amarela [Yellow Stripe] identification (a strand lubricated with yellow grease)
except for specific uses, such as, for instance: ropes for passenger elevators, high
performance cables and others.
Another current manufacture product is the wire rope for elevators. The quality of the steel
for this product is special, gathering the characteristics required to withstand the stresses
which take place in the elevator facilities.
Galvanized ropes (Zinc coated)
Wire ropes subject to aggressive environments or in contact with water, require an
additional protection against corrosion.
Cimaf manufactures the wire ropes galvanized with wires which have a uniform layer of
zinc, which can by applied by a process of fire or electrolytic zinc plating.
Galvanization of these wires can be done in the final gauge or in an intermediary gauge
and later, it is drawn again, providing an uniform zinc layer. The intermediary gauge
galvanized wires are called redrawn galvanized wires.
The Cimaf wire ropes produced with galvanized wires have the same resistance to traction
as the bright wire ropes on the strength range.
11
Main wire ropes and strands
The Cimaf wire ropes and strands are especially designed for the following segments:
Civil Construction, Foundations, Equipment, Sugar-alcohol, Mining, Siderurgy, Elevators,
Automobile Industry, Oil, Fishing and Electrification.
Note: The types of ropes which are not present in these tables we will manufacture
under consultation
12
2 Wire ropes
2.1 Constructions and lay types

Construction is a term employed to indicate the number of strands, the number of wires in
each strand and its composition, as we will see next:
Ribbon with 2.1.1 Number of strands and number of wires in each
Manufacturer Core
ID strand
Centre Wire (por exemplo: o cabo 6 X 19 possui 6 pernas com 19
strand
(for instance: rope 6 X 19 has 6 strands com 19 wires
each).
The strands for the wire ropes can be manufactured
Strand Wire in one, two or more operations, according to their
composition. In the early manufacturing of wire ropes,
Strand the usual compositions of the wires in the strands were in
multiple operations, with wires of the diameter, such as: 1
+ 6/12 (2 operations) or 1 + 6/12/18 (3 operations).
So, at first, 6 wires were twisted around a central wire.
Later, in a new passage, the core (1 + 6) wires were
covered with 12 wires.
This new layer
Wire Rope
comprises a pitch
which is different
from the core pitch,
which causes a
crossover with the
internal wires, and the same is repeated when providing a
new cover of the 12 wires with 18 more, for the case of manufacturing 37-wire strands.
Strand pitch: Distance, measured in parallel to the rope axis, necessary so that a strand
makes a full turn around the rope axis.
Due to the wire positioning characteristic, the strands

manufactured in multiple operations present
disadvantages for, as the wires in the layers are not in the
1 operation same direction, the following shall take place:
Strict contact between the wires, promoting greater

abrasive wear;
Less flexibility, exposing the wire rope to greater
fatigue by bending;
2 operation
Overload of a few wires, for the stress applied is not
uniformly divided between the same.
13
With the improvement of manufacturing techniques, machines and constructions of ropes
were developed which enabled us the confection of strands in a single operation, all the
layers being in the same pitch.
So the following compositions appeared Seale, Filler and Warrington, formed
by wires of different diameters. These compositions present great advantages over
the strands manufactured in multiple operations for they eliminate their advantages as
mentioned above.
Fatigue testing has shown that wire ropes with strands manufactured in a single operation
have greater durability to those of the wire ropes manufactured in multiple operations.
14
In single composition, all the wires have the same
diameter.
In the Seale composition there are at least two adjacent

layers with the same number of wires. All the wires of the
external layer in this composition have greater diameter to
increase the resistance to wear caused by friction.
The Filler composition has very thin wires between the

two layers. This condition increases the area of contact,
flexibility, resistance to kneading and reduces wear
between the wires.
Warrington is the composition where there is at least one

layer built of wires of two different and alternate diameters.
Wire ropes manufactured with this composition have a
good resistance to wear and a good resistance to fatigue.
On the other hand, there are still other kinds of

compositions which are formed by agglutinations of the
mentioned above, such as, for instance, the Warrington-
Seale composition, which has the main characteristics of
each composition, providing the rope a high resistance
to abrasion conjugated with a high resistance to bending
fatigue.
15
2.1.2 Core type
The core of a wire rope is a nucleus around which the strands are layed and are arranged in
a helix manner. Its main function is to make the strands be positioned in such a manner that
the stress applied in the wire rope is distributed uniformly between them. The core can be
comprised of either natural or synthetic fibre; it can also be formed by a single strand or by
an independent Wire rope.
Almas de fibra: Fibre cores in general provide greater flexibility to the wire rope. The Cimaf
wire ropes can have cores made of natural fibres (FC) or synthetic fibres (SFC). The natural
fibre cores are normally made of sisal, and the synthetic fibre cores are usually made of
polypropylene.
Rope with FC Fibre Core Rope with Steel Core formed Rope with Steel Core formed by
(natural fibre core) or by Independent Wire Rope a single WSC strand
SFC (Synthetic fibre core) Core IWRC
Almas de ao: The steel cores ensure greater resistance to kneading and increase
resistance to traction. The wire rope can be formed by a single strand of rope (WSC) or by
an independent wire rope (IWRC), this latter mode being preferred when greater flexibility is
required from the rope, combined with high resistance to traction. Wire ropes with diameter
equal to or above 6.4 mm, when provided with steel core, are the IWRC type.
A 6-strand rope with steel core presents approximately an increase of 7.5% in its load
capacity in the IPS category and approximately an increase of 12.5% in load capacity in the
EIPS category in relation to a rope with fibre core of the same diameter and construction.
Its mass also has an increase of approximately 10%.
16
2.1.3 Direction and Lay Type
When the strands are laid from left to right, it is
said that the wire rope is right lay (Z).
When the strands are laid from right to left, it is
said that the wire rope is left lay (S).
The use of the left lay rope is uncommon in the
majority of applications. All the characteristics
of the application must be considered before
specifying a left rope.
In the regular lay rope, the strand wires are
laid in the opposite direction to the lay of the
strands themselves. As a result, the wires
from the top of the strands are positioned
approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the wire rope. These ropes are stable, have
a good resistance to internal wear and twisting and are easy to handle. They also have a
considerable resistance to kneading and warping due to short length of the exposed wires.
In the Lang lay rope, the strand wires are laid in the same direction to the lay of the
strands themselves. The external wires are positioned diagonally to the longitudinal axis
of the wire rope and with a greater exposure length than in the regular lay. Due to the
fact of the external wires having a greater area exposed, the Lang lay provides greater
resistance to abrasion to the wire rope. They are also more flexible and have greater
resistance to fatigue. They are also more subject to internal wear, distortion and warping
and have a low resistance to kneading. Moreover, the Lang lay wire rope must always have
their ends permanently attached to prevent their distortion and, on this account, are not
recommended to move loads with only a single line of rope.
Note: Except for special cases (such as, for instance, airlines tractor rope), Lang lay
ropes with fibre core must not be used on account of presenting poor stability and small
resistance to kneading.
Regular Regular Lang Lang

right left right left
17
2.2 Rope lay length
It is defined as lay length of a wire rope the distance, measured parallel to the rope axis,
required so that a strand makes a full turn around the rope axis.
LAY LENGTH
2.3 Lubrification
Rope lubrication is very important for its protection against corrosion and also to reduce
wear by friction by the relative movement of its strands, the wires and the wire rope
against the equipment parts, such as, for instance, sheaves and drums.
The Cimaf wire ropes are lubricated during the manufacturing process as a lubricant
composed especially for each kind of application.
This lubrication is adequate only for a storage period and operations start-up of the
wire rope.
For good rope conservation, it is recommended to lubricate it on a regular basis.
If an adequate lubrication plan is not carried out, the wire rope will be subject to:
The occurrence of oxidation with porosity causing loss of metal area and,
consequently, loss of load capacity;
The wires start to become brittle, due to the excess corrosion;
As the wire rope wires move relatively against one another, during use, they are subject
to wear by friction. Lack of lubrication intensifies wear, causing loss of wire rope
capacity caused by loss of metal area;
Porosity also causes internal wear of the wires, resulting in loss of load capacity.
Lubrication of a wire rope is just as important as lubrication of a machine.
Never use burnt oil to lubricate a Wire rope, for it contains small metal particles which will
cause friction with the rope, in addition to being an acid product and contain few of the
characteristics which a good lubricant must have.
18
A lubricant which is adequate for wire rope must have the following characteristics:
To be chemically neutral;
To have good adherence;
To have viscosity capable of penetrating between the strands and other wires;
To be stable under operational conditions;
To protect against corrosion;
To be compatible with the original lubricant.
Before re-lubrication, the rope must be cleaned with a steel brush to remove the old
lubricant and crusts containing abrasive particles. Never use solvents, for they remove the
internal lubrication, in addition to deteriorating the fibre core.
The rope must be re-lubricated just after being cleaned.
Due to the small space between the strand wires and the strands in the wire rope, during
re-lubrication, the lubricant being applied will have difficulty in fully penetrating the wire
rope.
As a general rule, the most efficient and cost-effective form of re-lubrication is through
a method which applies the lubricant continuously during the rope operation, such as:
immersion, dripping and spraying.
It is recommended that the lubricant application point is preferably where the wire rope
passes through sheaves or drums, for at this moment, an opening occurs between the
strands on the top part of the wire rope, favoring lubricant penetration.
In the table below we suggest a few lubricants, for field re-lubrication.
Application Specification Properties Supplier
Overhead Crane ROCOL RD-105 Calcium Soap with ITW

Whinch GCA-2 molybdenium disulfide Lubrax
Work Site COSMOLUBE Bentone Soap with Houghton

Elevator HT 00 M3 molybdenum disulfide
Rocker Arm CHASSIS 1234 Calcium Soap ESSO
Derrick CHASSI Ca-2 Calcium Soap Texaco
Loop CHASSI 2 Calcium Soap Ipiranga
Cableway 2C Calcium Soap Manguinhos
Fishing BIOFLUKE Biodegradable Fluke Tecnologia
Passenger
Elevator QUIMATIC 20 Paraffinic mineral oil TAPMATIC
notes:
The performance of the lubricants from the table was analyzed in the field. Other
similar specifications can be used.
These lubricants are not commercialized by Cimaf.
Please consult our technical assistance for further information.
19
2.4 Preforming
The Cimaf wire ropes can be provided both preforming and non preforming; however,
in the majority of applications, preformed is more recommended than non preformed.
The difference between a preformed and a non preformed rope consists in that when
manufacturing the former, an additional process is applied, which makes the strands
and the wires stay laid in helical shape, remaining placed inside the rope in their natural
position, with a minimum of internal tensions.
The main advantages of the preforming rope can be numbered as follows:
1. In the non preformed rope, the wires and the strands have the tendency to straighten,
and the force required to keep them in position causes internal tensions to which are
added the tensions caused in service when the rope is curved in a pulley or in a drum.
The internal tensions cause pressure between the wires in the region of contact between
layers and between strands which move reciprocally the moment the rope is curved,
causing a sharp internal friction. In the preforming rope the internal tensions are minimum,
and therefore, friction and consequently rope wear is minimal.
The preformed wire ropes, on account of having minimum internal tensions, have greater
resistance to fatigue than the non preformed ropes.
2. Handling is made much easier by the absence of internal tensions.
3. Rope balanced is ensured, each strand having equal tension equal to the other, dividing
the load into equal parts between the strands.
4. Handing is safer, the rope being free from tensions, not having the tendency to escape
from your hand. Secondly, if a wire ruptures by wear, it will remain lying down in its
normal position, not bending outwards, which would make it dangerous to handle.
Preformed rope Non preformed or semi preformed rope
20
2.5 Wire rope strength
The aggregate breaking force of the wire rope is obtained by means of the wire strength
multiplied by the total section area of all the wires.
The minimum breaking force of the wire rope is obtained by means of its aggregate
breaking force, multiplied by the spinning loss factor. This factor varies according to the
various classes of wire ropes.
The measured breaking force is determined in laboratory, by means of wire rope traction.
Spinning loss factor Rope class
0,96 Spiral Strand 3 and 7 wires

0,94 Spiral Strand 19 and 37wires
0,86 6x7
0,825 6x19, 8x19 and MinePac
0,80 PowerPac, 6x36
0,73 ErgoFlex and ErgoFlex Plus
0,72 18x7
.
The forces indicated on the tables of the Cimaf technical manual always
represent the ropes minimum breaking force.
21
2.6 How to make an order
The following must be pointed out when consulting or ordering wire ropes:
1. Diameter;
2. Construction (number of strands, wires e composition: Seale, Filler or other);
3. Core type (fibre or steel);
4. Lay (regular or Lang / right or left)
5. Preforming (preformed, non preformed or semi preformed);
6. Lubrication (with or without lubrication);
7. Category of resistance to traction of wires (PS, IPS, EIPS, EEIPS) or a Minimum
Breaking Force (Fmim);
8. Finishing (bright or galvanized);
9. Indication of application;
10. Length
Note: When the finish is not indicated, it is understood as bright.
Example of order:
Wire rope 19 mm, 6x41 Warrington-Seale + IWRC, Right Regular Lay, preformed,
lubricated, IPS resistance and length 500 m. Use in overhead crane.
In addition to the ABNT standards, our products fulfill the strictest international standards,
such as:
API - American Petroleum Institute
IRAM - Instituto Argentino de Racionalizacin de Materiales
FS - Federal Specification
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials
BSI - British Standard Institution
CESA - Canadian Engineering Standard Association
DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung
ISO - International Organization for Standardization
EN - European Standard
among others
22
3 Properties of the wire rope
3.1 Working loads limit and design factors
Note: The reference Minimum Breaking Force (Fmim) is also known as Minimum Breaking
Load (MBL).
Working load limit is the maximum load that the wire rope is authorized to support.
The design factor (DF) is the ratio between the minimum breaking load (MBL) of the rope
and the working load limit (WLL), i.e.:
An adequate design factor will ensure:
- Safety in load movement operation;
- Performance and durability of the wire rope and, consequently, cost effectiveness.
The table below recommends the minimum design factors (DF) for various applications:
Applications Design Factors
Static ropes and spiral strands 3 to 4
Rope for pulling in the horizontal direction 4 to 5
Winches, cranes, bulldozers 5
Overhead cranes 6 to 8
Electric hoists 7
Stationary crane 6 to 8
Slings 5
Work site elevators 8 to 10
Passenger elevators 12
The values on the table are reference, being that each application has
normalized values.
23
:
3.2 Constructional Stretch of the wire ropes

Pre-stretched Ropes
There are two kinds of longitudinal stretches in wire rope, i.e.: constructional and elastic.
Constructional Stretches
Constructional stretches is permanent and starts just after a load is applied to the wire
rope. It is motivated by the adjustment of the wires in the rope strands and by the settling
of the strands in relation to its core.
Constructional stretches occurs in the first days or weeks of service of the wire
rope, depending on the applied load. On the conventional wire ropes, its value varies
approximately from 0.50% to 0.75% of the length of the wire rope under load.
Constructional stretches can be almost totally removed through pre-stretching of the wire
rope. The pre-stretching operation is done by a special process and with a load which
must be greater than the ropes working load limit, and lower than the load corresponding
to its elastic limit.
In certain installations, such as, for instance, in Blast Furnace Skip, the elongation of
the wire rope can not exceed a certain limit; it must be pre-stretched. It s also usual to
pre-stretch the rope to be used in suspension bridges or similar services.
Cimaf is capacitated to pre-stretch wire ropes with diameters up to 58 mm.
Elastic Stretches
A deformao elstica diretamente proporcional carga aplicada e ao comprimento do
cabo de ao, e inversamente proporcional ao seu mdulo de elasticidade e rea metlica.
= elastic stretches
L
P = applied load
PXL
L= L = length of rope
E X Am
E = modulus of elasticity
Am = metal area
The metal area of a wire rope varies as a function of the construction of the wire rope. It is
comprised by the sum of the cross-section areas of the individual wires which compose it,
except for filler wires.
The calculation of the metal area of a wire rope or strand can be done by means of the
formula below. Although this calculation is not exact, its result is very approximate.
Where,
A = F x d2
A = metal area in mm2;
F = multiplication factor given in the following table;
d = nominal diameter of the wire rope or strand in millimeters.
24
Construction of the wire rope or strand F Factor
8X19 Seale, 8x25 Filler 0,359
MinePac 0,374
6x7 0,395
6x19 M 0,396
6x31/ 6x36 / 6x41 Warrington Seale 0,410
6x19 Seale 0,416
6x25 Filler 0,418
18x7 Rotation Resistant 0,426
Spiral Strand 7 wires 0,589
Notes:
For ropes with 6 strands with IWRC add 15% to metal area; with WSC add 20% and for
ropes with 8 strands with IWRC add 20% to its metal area.
In general, the elastic stretch of a wire rope can be estimated on 0.25% to 0.50%,
when the same is submitted to a tension corresponding to 1/5 of its breaking force,
depending on its construction.
Note:
Elastic stretch is proportional to the applied load as long as it does not exceed the
elastic limit value of the rope. This limit for usual wire rope is approximately 55% a 60%
of its minimum breaking load.
Modulus of elasticity of wire ropes: the modulus of elasticity of a wire rope increases
during its service life, depending on its construction and the conditions under which it is
operated, such as intensity of the applied loads, constant or variable, bends and vibrations
to which it is submitted.
The modulus of elasticity is smaller on the new or unused ropes, being that for used or
new pre-stretched ropes, the modulus of elasticity increases approximately 20%.
Next we provide the approximate modulus of elasticity of the usual constructions of new
wire ropes.
Class E (Kgf/mm2)
6x7 9.000 a 10.000
Wire ropes fibre core 6 x 19 8.500 a 9.500
6 x 36 7.500 a 8.500
8 x 19 6.500 a 7.500
6x7 10.500 a 11.500
Wire ropes steel core
6 x 19 10.000 a 11.000
6 x 36 9.500 a 10.500
7 wires 14.500 a 15.500
Spiral Strands 19 wires 13.000 a 14.000
37 wires 12.000 a 13.000
25
3.3 Diameter of a wire rope
The nominal diameter for the rope is the one by which it is designated.
The actual diameter for the rope must be obtained measuring in a straight part of rope,
in 2 positions with minimum spacing of 1 m. Two measurements must be taken in each
position, with a 90offset, of the circumscribed circle diameter. The average of these 4
measurements must be the actual diameter.
Certo Errado
The actual diameter will be the average of four measured values..

Note:
Measuring close to the ends of the wire rope must be avoided (minimum 10 times the
rope diameter).
The tolerance of diameter for wire ropes must fulfill all the recommendation of standard
ABNT NBR ISO 2408, as below:
Nominal diameter of the Tolerance as percentage of the nominal diameter

wire rope
Wire ropes with strands solely of wires which
d incorporate solid polymer cores
mm
2d<4 +8
0
4d<6 +7
0
6d<8 +6
0
8 +5
0
Note:
Specific applications can have special tolerances of diameters, defined by the customer or
by Cimaf. In this case consult our technical assistance.
26
4 Recommendations for using
4.1 Choice of construction as a function of the application

The flexibility of a wire rope is inversely proportional to the diameter of its external
wires, while the resistance to abrasion is directly proportional to this diameter. As a
consequence, a composition with fine wires can be chosen when the bend fatigue stress
prevails, and a composition of thicker external wires when the work conditions require
great resistance to abrasion.
The table below stands as a general rule.
Maximum 6 x 41 Warrington-Seale Minimum resistance

flexibility 6 x 36 Warrington-Seale to abrasion
6 x 25 Filler
6 x 21 Filler
Minimum 6 x 19 Seale Maximum resistance
flexibility 6x7 to abrasion
By the table above, the 6x41 WS construction wire rope is the most flexible one, thanks
to the smaller diameter of its external wires; however, it is the least resistant to abrasion,
while the contrary takes place with the 6x7 construction wire rope.
4.2 Diameters of sheaves and drums

There is a relation between the diameter of the wire rope and the diameter of the sheave or
drum which must be observed, so as to ensure a good wire rope performance.
The following table indicates the proportion recommended between the diameter of the
sheave or the drum and the diameter of the wire rope, for the various constructions.
Rope construction Diameter of the Sheave or Drum

Recommended Mnimum
6x7 72 42 x do cabo
6x19 S 51 34 x do cabo
19x7 51 34 x do cabo
6x25 F 39 26 x do cabo
8x19 S 39 26 x do cabo
6x36 WS, Propac 34 23 x do cabo
6x41 WS 31 20 x do cabo
PowerPac, MinePac 31 20 x do cabo
Ergoflex, Ergoflex Plus 31 18 x do cabo
6x71 WS 21 14 x do cabo
Note:
For some equipment, there is a regulating standard from the Ministry of Labor and
Employment which determines the diameter of the sheave or the drum
27
Diameters indicated for sheaves and drums per type of equipment
D/d minimum
Tipe of equipment Standard Application
Drum Sheave
Hoisting 18 18
Crane ASME Elevation of boom 15 15

B30.5
Block --- 16
Derrick ASME Hoisting 18 18

B30.3
Hoisting 24 24
ANSI
Bulldozer M11.1 Drag 22 22
D
Rotating drill API SPEC 9B rilling 20 30
Offshore crane API SPEC 9B Hoisting 18 18

ASME Traction 40 40
Passenger Elevator
A17.1
Compensation - 32
D = Diameter of the sheave or drum

d = Diameter of wire rope
(ISO 4308) Sheave groove For optimum rope life, the sheave groove profile should be
correctly matched to the rope diameter. The groove radius, should lie within the range
0,525d to 0,550d, with 0,537d, where d is the nominal rope diameter.
30 - 60
GROOVE OF THE NEW OR MACHINED SHEAVE

WIRE ROPE
OF THE WORN GROOVE
OF THE GROOVE
OF THE SHEAVE
WEAR OF THE SHEAVE GROOVE

MAKES MACHINING OR REPLACEMENT
OBLIGATORY
28
4.3 Fleet angle
According to the recommendations of the standards, the fleet angle of wire rope in the
segment between the sheave and the drum must not exceed;
a = 1 30 for conventional wire ropes (Classes: 6x7, 6x19, 6x36, 8x19, 8x36), with
winding in drums with no groove drums.
= 2 Rotation resistant wire ropes, with winding in drums with groove drums;
= 4 for conventional wire ropes (Classes: 6x7, 6x19, 6x36, 8x19, 8x36), with
winding in drums with grooved drums.
When a rope is coiling in multiple layers on the drum, the fleet angle at the flanges should
be greater than 0.5 to avoid rope pile-up.
These recommendations seek to prevent the wire rope from being damaged, for if the fleet
angle is greater that the maximum indicated, we will have two inconveniences:
The wire rope will maintain sharp

friction with the sheave flange
increasing the wear of both;
During o winding, the wire
rope will maintain sharp
friction with the adjacent turn
already wound in the drum
increasing its wear and
promoting damage which will
influence its service life, as well
as its safety.
Although a recommendation was
presented regarding the wire ropes
fleet angle on the sheave segment
with the smooth drum (with no
grooved drums), the standards
recommend that all the hoisting
equipment must be equipped with
a drum with grooved drums. This
recommendation is due to the
fact of the inconvenience of the
wire rope, when wound, it leaves
voids between the winding turns
on the drum, making the upper
layer go into these voids providing
a disordered winding and, as a
consequence, influencing its service
life and safety.
29
30
5 Handling
5.1 How to handle
The wire rope must be handled with care so as to avoid throttling (knot), causing a
harmful twist as show in the example below:
The wire rope must never be allowed to take the shape of a loop as shown in figure 1.
However, a knot can be avoided if the loop is promptly undone (opened).
As shown in figure 2, with the loop closed, the
damage is done and the load capacity of the wire
rope compromised, and the same being out of the
conditions for use.
Figure 3 shows the result of the knot, for, even if
the individual wires have not been damaged, the
1 wire rope loses its proper shape. With the wires
and the strands out of position, the wire rope is
subject to uneven tension, exposing it to rupture by
overload, in addition to causing excessive wear to
the displaced strands.
Caution: even if a knot is apparently straightened,
the wire rope can never provide maximum
performance, according to the assured capacity.
2 The use of a wire rope with this defect is
dangerous and can cause accidents.
To avoid a knot when unwinding the wire rope,
the reel must be placed in a horizontal axis on two
sawhorses, on which it turns around its axis, as
shown in figure 4.
3
31
It can also be unwound by means of a rotary table, as shown in figure 5. It is important
that when unwinding, the reel always turns around its axis and never the wire rope turns
around the reel axis, as shown in figure 6.
Correct - Figure. 5
Wrong - Figure 6
32
5.2 Winding in smooth drum or reel
It is important that the wire rope, to be well wound, is attached correctly during its
installation.
If this does not happen, the first winding layer can present faults, causing, consequently,
when the top layers are wound, kneading and warping in the wire rope, which will notably
reduce its service life.
The figures below present a practical rule for the correct attachment of the practical rule
for the correct attachment of the wire rope on smooth drums or reels.
Rope with lay direction to the right
Top winding from Bottom winding from

left to right right to left
Rope with lay direction to the left
Top winding from Bottom winding

right to left from left to right
33
34
6 Wire rope splicing
The confection of a splice requires careful and skilful work. The perfect settling and
positioning of the strands in the splice segment is important.
It is recommended that a splice length is between 1,000 to 1,500 times the diameter of
the wire rope.
The essential basis of the splicing process is show in the following example:
The example refers to splicing two wire ropes with a diameter 20 mm, with 6 strands,
fibre cores and preformed. A splice length of 20 mm x 1,200, i.e., 24 m was adopted in
this example.
Phase 1: Both wire ropes will be well tied a distance about 12 m from their ends
(2x12 m = 24 m of length required for the splice).
Phase 2: The strands from the two wire ropes will be separated at their ends up to the tie
point. The strands from one of the wire ropes will be named successively A-F and from
the other a-f. The strands B,D,F and the a,c,d, will be shortened and the fibre core
will be cut at the tie height.
c c
b a a
b
e e
f f
d d
B B
D D C C
A A
F F
E E
35
36
Phase 3: The ends of the wire ropes will be pushed one against the other for the strand A
to stay beside strand a, strand B beside strand b, and so on.
b B
c C
a D
b B
c C
a B DB A
b b c c C C
d F
f a ae D D E
A
d F
A
Phase 4: The ties
f e EA
d will
d be released. Strand a will be Ftwisted
F outwards of the assembly
in a length of 10 meters,
f fand strand A
e shall
e be twisted into the Erespective
E empty space.
Strands B and b shall C
c proceed in the same manner.
b a
D
C
c
b a
B FD C C
c c A
b E a
b a
d D
D
f e
B F
E A
dB B F
f F E A
e E A
d
d f e
f e
Phase 5: Strands c and D shall twisted outwards from the ends of the respective wire
ropes,
b in a length ofd6 meters, and fstrands e
e and F aclength of 2 meters,
a counting from
the point of joining the wire rope, and the respective strands will be twisted into the spaces
previously emptied.
b d f e c a
b Bd Df e F c E a C A
b d f e c a
B D F E C A
B D F E C A
B D F E C A
Phase 6: The figure above shows the part corresponding to the splice when ready.
Care is required with the splices. A badly done splice represents a great hazard.
For more information, please consult our Technical Department.
37
38
7 Inspection and replacement criteria
Inspection in wire ropes is of the utmost importance for an adequate and safe service life.
The first inspection to be done in a wire rope is the Receival Inspection, which must
assure that the material is as requested and has a certificate of quality issued by the
manufacturer.
In addition to the Receival Inspection, two other inspections must be carried out, the
Visual Inspection and the Periodic Inspection.
The Visual Inspection must be performed on a daily basis on the wire ropes used in load
movement equipment and before each use for the loops. The purpose of this inspection is
a visual analysis to detect damages on the wire rope which can cause hazards during the
use. Any suspicion regarding the material safety conditions must be informed and the wire
rope inspected by a qualified person.
The frequency of the Periodic Inspection must be defined by factors such as: type of
equipment, environmental conditions, operating conditions, results of previous inspections
and time of service of the wire ropes. For the wire ropes slings, this inspection must
be done at intervals not in excess of six months, having to be more frequent when it
approaches the end of its service life. It is important that the results of the inspections are
recorded.
Whenever an incident occurs which may have caused damages to the rope or when it has
been out of service for a long time, it must be inspected before the beginning of the job.
On inspecting a wire rope, several factors which can affect its performance must be
considered. The factors to be checked for during the inspection are:
7.1 Number of broken wires

The broken of wires normally occurs by abrasion or by bending fatigue. It can occur both
in the external and internal wires, if the wire rope has a steel core. The external ruptures
can occur on top of the strands or in the region of contact between the strands (valley)
this one being, together with the ruptures of the core wires, the most critical.
The location of the rupture and the number of wires in a lay length must be recorded. It
must be observed that if the ruptures are distributed evenly or if they are concentrated in
just one or two strands. In this case, the danger exists of the strands breaking.
7.2 External wear

The abrasion of the external wires is caused by friction of the rope, under pressure,
with the channels of the sheavess and the drum and it can be sped up by lubrication
deficiencies.
Even if the wire does not break, it wear will promote the loss of the load capacity of the
wire rope by reducing the metal area, making its use dangerous.
A form of evaluating the wear of a wire rope is by measuring its diameter.
39
7.3 Corrosion
Corrosion decreases the load capacity by reducing the metal area of wire rope, in addition
to accelerating fatigue.
It can be detected visually, when it shows up on the external part of the wire rope.
Detection of internal corrosion is more difficult; however, a few indications can point out
its existence:
Variation in rope diameter: the decrease of diameter usually takes place in the
folding points of the wire rope. In wire ropes or strands for static use, the increase of
diameter is common due to the increase of oxidation.
Approximation between strands: frequently combined with broken wires in the
valleys
7.4 Unbalance of the wire ropes

In conventional wire ropes, normally with 6 or 8 strands with fibre core, a typical damage
can happen which is a ripple of the wire rope cased by the sinking of 1 or 2 of its strands
and it can be caused by a few motives:
a) Poor attachment, which allows a few strands to slide, the remaining ones being
overtensioned.
b) Fibre core of reduced diameter.
c) Fibre core which deteriorate, giving no support to the strands of rope.
On ropes with several layers of strands, as in the resistant to rotation ropes and ropes
with steel core, the danger of birdcaging and raised core exists, defects which can be
caused by the following motives:
d) Poor handling and/or installation of rope, giving rise to torsions or distortions of
the same.
In case a the danger exists of the overtensioned strands breaking; in cases b and c,
there is no imminent danger, however, there will be an uneven wear in the wire rope and,
therefore, low efficiency.
Case d is more common for Non-Rotating ropes and with Steel Core, where the danger
of birdcaging and raised core exists. These defects are grave and require prompt
replacement of the wire rope.
7.5 Deformation*
Deformation in the wire ropes occurs mainly due to misuse or irregularities in the
equipment or, further, by inadequate methods of handling and attaching.
40
When this deformation is sharp, they can change the original geometry of the wire rope
causing imbalance of stresses between the strands and, consequently, its rupture.
The most common deformation are:
a) Waviness
Occurs when the longitudinal axis of the wire rope takes on the shape of a helix. In
situations where this anomaly is sharp, it can transmit a vibration on the wire rope which,
during work, will cause premature wear, as well as broken wires.
b) Crush
Crush on the wire rope is normally caused by the disorderly winding on the drum. In
situations where the disorderly winding can not be avoided, the use of wire rope with steel
core must be chosen.
c) Birdcaging
This warping is typical in wire rope with steel core in situations where a sudden release of
tension takes place. This irregularity is critical and prevents the wire rope from continuing
to be used.
d) Core protusion
It is a characteristic also caused by the sudden release of tension of the wire rope, causing
an imbalance of tension between the strands, preventing it from continuing to be used.
41
e) Kink or knot (dog leg)
It is characterized by a discontinuity in the longitudinal direction of the wire rope which in
extreme cases reduces its load capacity. It is normally caused by improper handling or
installation.
7.6 Replacement criteria

Even if the wire rope works in optimum conditions, a moment comes in which, after
reaching the end of its service life, it needs to be replaced by virtue of its natural
degeneration.
In any installation, the problem consists in determining what is the maximum efficiency
which can be obtained from a wire rope before replacing it, to keep it working in complete
safety, since, in the greater portion of the installations, the breaking of a wire rope puts
human lives at risk.
There isnt a precise rule to determine the exact moment for replacing a wire rope. The
decision of a wire rope remaining in service will depend on the evaluation of a qualified
person, who must compare its conditions, carrying out an inspection based on disposal
criteria contemplated in standards. The following standards are recommended:
NBR ISO 4309, for equipment.
NBR 13541-2 for slings.
42
8 Product characteristics
8.1 Spiral strands
Construction Characteristics Table

Page
Used in stays, tie rods, messenger ropes and 57

similar uses.
19 wires
(1+6/12)
37 wires
(1+6/12/18)
58
Used in the automobile industry and similar
purposes.
7 wires
1+6

Used in the automobile industry to breaks, 58

clutches and other mechanical purposes.
19 wires
1+6/12
57
Used in the automobile industry and similar
purposes.
37 wires
(1+6/12/18 )
43
8.2 Wire rope - Class 6x7 e 8x7

Page
8x7+AA Used in the automobile industry, for raising

1+6 the window. 58
6x7+AA
or 7x7
1+6
44
8.3 Wire rope - Class 6x7

Page
6x7+AF
1+6 Wire ropes of 6 strands with 5 to 9 wires in
each strand.
They have excellent resistance to abrasion
and to pressure and low flexibility, its
application being limited. Normally, it is
manufactured with fibre core; it can be 59
manufactured with steel core.
Used in operations where it is subject to
friction during the operation and also for
static purposes, such as stays.
6x7+AA
or 7x7
1+6
6x7+AACI
1+6
45

Page
6x19+AF
Seale
1+9+9
Wire ropes of 6 strands with 15 to 26 wires in
each strand.
They have good resistance to bending and
good resistance to abrasion.
This class is one of the most used, offering
the most adequate constructions for the
greater portion of the applications in the most 60
common diameters. and
Special care must be taken with 61
6x19 M construction wire ropes. They are
reccomended for static application only.
6x19+AACI
Seale
1+9+9
6x25+AACI
Filler
1+6+6+12
46

Page
6x36+AF
Warrington-Seale
1+7+(7+7)+14

each strand.
The great number of wires of the ropes of this
class makes the rope highly flexible.
The ropes of this class, in the most common
diameters, adapt well in applications where they
62
have to work dynamically on drum and pulleys.
In larger diameters, this class has excellent to
resistance to abrasion and to kneading, sufficient 63
for the most critical operations.
6 x 41+AF
Warrington-Seale
1+8+(8+8)+16
6 x 41 + AACI
Warrington-Seale
1+8+(8+8)16
47

Page
Wire ropes of 6 strands with 61 to 85 wires. These

ropes are usually manufactured in diameters above
90 mm, where the great number of wires ensures 64
good flexibility.
6x71+AACI
Warrington-Seale
1+6+8+(8+8)+16+24
48
8.7 Wire rope - Class 8X19

Page

each strand.
In this class, the ropes are usually manufactured
with FC.
Due to the relatively large size of the core,
necessary for manufacturing this class, this
wire rope is more susceptible to flattening when
submitted to a high pressure in the pulley and 65
8x19+AF drum; thus, its use is recommended in operations
Seale with moderate loads.
1+9+9
The greater portion of the passenger elevators
uses wire ropes with diameters between 9.5 mm
and 16.0 mm, in this class.
49
8.8 Wire rope - Class 18x7 and 35x7
(Rotation Resistant)

Page
The rotation resistant wire ropes are usually manufactured with 12
external strands of 7 wires each with regular right lay, laid around
a nucleus composed of 6 strands of 7 wires each with Lang left
lay which in turn are laid around a core which can be made of fibre
or steel.
The term Rotation Resistant, is due to the smaller tendency of
turning of this wire rope which is grounded in the inversion of lay
between the layers of external and internal strands, annulling the
torsion moment under tension.
The ropes of this class twist a little in the beginning of applying the
load, until it stays in balance.
The rotation resistant wire ropes must be used with great care and
with design factors higher than the other classes.
Special care recommended in the use of Rotation Resistant
ropes:
1) The general instructions for handling wire ropes must be
followed, preventing them, both when unwinding from the reel
and in installing in the machine, from suffering distortions or
knots which may render them useless.
66
2) This wire rope is very sensitive to brusque variations of load
and requires a very smooth handling. In general, there must be
a weight next to the hook to keep it under tension. Most times,
the brusque variations promote birdcaging, rendering the wire
rope useless.
3) It must be avoided that the rotation resistant rope undergoes
rotation during service.
19 x 7 4) On attaching (anchoring), it is essential that all the strands of the
1+6 rotation resistant rope are well attached, including the internal
ones. To achieve that, attachment by means of clips or other
pressure-actuated fittings must be avoided, the use of sockets
is recommended.
5) This rope must be wound on a drum with channel and sufficient
dimensions to prevent overlapping of different layers.
6) The rotation resistant rope is usually recommended for
equipment which works with only a single wire rope line, or
further, when the equipment works with two very close rope
lines, its hoisting height being very high.
Note: By virtue of the special cares which are required in
installation, handling and operation of the rotation resistant ropes
(18x and 19x7), it is recommended to limit is employment only to
the essential cases.
50
8.9 High Performance wire ropes ErgoFlex

Page
Manufactured with 34 compacted strands, the
ErgoFlex wire rope is composted of 7 wires in
each strand and steel core.
The ErgoFlex was especially developed for
equipment that works in applications where the
hoisting height is critical, such as, for instance:
Fixed derricks, telescoping, erecting and
extending boom.
Tower cranes used in ships and oil rigs
Equipment with only a single line of rope for
hoisting loads
Systems with more than one layer of winding
70
on the drum
In addition to its excellent anti-rotating property,
we can highlight:
35xK7 High Minimum Breaking Force

1+6 High flexibility due to the construction
characteristics
High resistance to fatigue due to the
compacting of the strands
Galvanized finish reducing the level of oxidation
and increasing the resistance to fatigue by
bending
Note: All the cares pointed out in the previous

page must be taken as a reference.
51
8.10 High Performance wire ropes ErgoFlexPlus

Page
Manufactured with 33 strands and compacted

core, the ErgoFlexPlus wire rope is composted of
7 wires in each external strand and steel core and
17 wires in internal each strand.
The ErgoFlexPlus was especially developed for
equipment that works in applications where the
hoisting height is critical, such as, for instance:
Fixed derricks, telescoping, erecting and
extending boom.
Tower cranes used in ships and oil rigs
Equipment with only a single line of rope for
hoisting loads
Systems with more than one layer of winding
on the drum. 71
In addition to its excellent anti-rotating property,

we can highlight:
High Minimum Breaking Force
34xK(7+17) High flexibility due to the construction
(1+6) / (1+8+8) characteristics
High resistance to fatigue due to the
compacting of the strands
Increase of structural stability as a function of
the plasticized core
Galvanized finish reducing the level of oxidation
and increasing the resistance to fatigue by
bending
Note: All the cares pointed out in the previous

page must be taken as a reference.
52
8.11 Wire rope - Class 6x7 e 6x19 Galvanized

Page
Manufactured with high zinc layer and artificial

6x7+AFA fibre core (SFC), promoting high resistance to 59
1+6 corrosion, high flexibility and greater durability and
ensuring an excellent performance in the fishing 67
industry.
6x19+AFA
Seale
1+9+9
53
8.12 High Performance wire ropes - ProPac

Page
The ProPac ropes were especially developed for

dynamic applications under severe conditions,
mainly for equipment such as: Overhead Cranes,
Ship Loaders and Off-Loaders.
In addition to its high performance, the ProPac
rope stands out due to:
1) Greater resistance to abrasion promoted
strands compacted
68
2) High Minimum Breaking Force.
3) Use in systems with more than one layer of
winding on the drum.
6xK31+AACI 4) Easiness of adapting to the equipment; it can
1+6+(6+6)+12 be manufactured with strands of 26 to 36
wires.
54
8.13 High Performance wire ropes - PowerPac

Page
The PowerPac ropes were especially developed for
dynamic applications, mainly for equipment such
as: Port Cranes, Ship Loaders and Off-Loaders
and Overhead Cranes.
In addition to its high performance, the PowerPac
1) Greater performance promoted by the
compacted strands and coated core.
2) High Minimum Breaking Force. 69
3) Easiness of adapting to the equipment; it can
8xK31+EPAACI be manufactured with strands of 21 to 41
Warrington-Seale wires.
1+6+(6+6)+12 4) Greater structural stability and internal
corrosion protection due to the coated core.
5) Use in systems with more than one layer of
winding on the drum.
8.14 High Performance wire ropes MinePac

Page
The MinePac ropes were especially developed for

dynamic applications, mainly for equipment in the
mining sector, such as: bulldozers (Shovel and
Dragline).
In addition to its high performance, the MinePac

1) Greater performance promoted by the
compacted strands. 72
2) High Minimum Breaking Force.
EP8xK36+AACI 3) Greater structural stability and internal and
Warrington-Seale external corrosion protection due to complete rope
1+7+(7+7)+14 coating.
55
56
9 Tables
9.1 Spiral Strands 19 and 37 wires Electrification
19 wires 37 wires
1+6/12 1+6/12/18
Minimum Breaking
Diameter Approx. Mass
Construction Force (tf)
(kg/m)
mm in. EHS
12,7 1/2" 1x19 0,77 13,00
14,3 9/16" 1x19 0,98 17,00
15,9 5/8" 1x19 1,22 21,00
19,0 3/4" 1x37 1,76 29,00
20,2 13/16" 1x37 1,98 32,80
22,2 7/8" 1x37 2,40 40,00
25,4 1" 1x37 3,12 50,00
28,6 1.1/8" 1x37 3,96 66,00
Manufactured and tested in accordance with the requirements of the standards

ABNT NBR 5909 and ASTM A475
57
9.2 Spiral Strands 7 and 19 wires - Automobile Industry
7 wires 19 wires
1+6 1+6/12
Minimum Breaking
Diameter Spiral Strand Approx. Mass Force (tf)
mm Construction (kg/m)
IPS
1,5 1x7 0,011 0,22
1,2 1x19 0,007 0,14
1,5 1x19 0,011 0,22
2,0 1x19 0,020 0,39
2,5 1x19 0,520 0,62
2,8 1x19 0,580 0,78
3,0 1x19 0,046 0,89
3,2 1x19 0,052 1,01
3,5 1x19 0,062 1,20
9.3 Wire rope class 6x7 - steel core

Automobile Industry
6x7+AA 8x7+AA
1+6 1+6
Minimum Breaking Force (tf)

Diameter Spiral Strand Approx. Mass
mm Construction (kg/m) 180 215 235 250
kgf/mm kgf/mm kgf/mm kgf/mm
1,5 6x7 0,011 - - 0,28 -
1,5 8x7 0,011 - - - 0,27
1,6 6x7 0,011 - - 0,28 -
1,8 6x7 0,011 - - 0,32 -
2,0 6x7 0,020 - - 0,37 -
2,4 6x7 0,021 0,36 - - -
The value for mass indicated on the table refers to the internal standard of BBA;
it can vary as a function of the wire rope lay length tolerance.
58
6x7
1+6
Minimum Breaking
Diameter Approx. Mass Force (tf)
(kg/m)
mm in. IPS
1,6 1/16 0,008 0,16
2,4 3/32 0,018 0,35
3,2 1/8 0,031 0,61
4,0 5/32 0,046 0,96
4,8 3/16 0,065 1,38
6,4 1/4 0,145 2,50
8,0 5/16 0,235 3,80
9,5 3/8 0,376 5,50
14,5 9/16 0,725 12,30
9.5 Wire rope class 6x7 steel core
6x7
1+6
Minimum Breaking
(kg/m)
mm in. IPS
2,4 3/32" 0,024 0,37
3,2 1/8" 0,034 0,66
4,0 5/32" 0,065 1,04
4,8 3/16" 0,085 1,49
59
6x19 Seale 6x25 Filler

1+9+9 1+6+6+12
Minimum Breaking
(kg/m)
mm in. IPS EIPS
3,2 1/8" 0,036 0,61 -
4,8 3/16" 0,082 1,37 -
6,4 1/4" 0,142 2,50 2,73
8,0 5/16" 0,230 3,90 4,30
9,5 3/8" 0,343 - 6,10
11,5 7/16" 0,479 - 8,30
13,0 1/2" 0,608 - 10,80
14,5 9/16" 0,775 - 13,60
16,0 5/8" 0,933 - 16,80
19,0 3/4" 1,298 - 24,00
22,0 7/8" 1,805 29,50 32,60
26,0 1" 2,442 38,50 42,60
29,0 1.1/8" 3,055 - 53,90
32,0 1.1/4" 3,733 60,10 66,50
35,0 1.3/8" 4,529 - 80,50
38,0 1.1/2" 5,328 86,50 95,80
45,0 1.3/4" 8,368 - 130,40
52,0 2" 9,740 - 170,30
60
9.7 Wire rope class 6x19 - Steel core
6x19 Seale 6x25 Filler

1+9+9 1+6+6+12
Minimum Breaking
(kg/m)
mm in. IPS EIPS
3,2 1/8" 0,040 0,65 0,73
4,0 5/32 0,063 1,02 1,13
4,8 3/16" 0,096 1,46 1,64
6,4 1/4 0,142 2,68 3,10
8,0 5/16" 0,268 - 4,80
9,5 3/8" 0,352 - 6,86
11,5 7/16" 0,519 - 9,30
13,0 1/2" 0,685 - 12,10
14,5 9/16" 0,868 - 15,20
16,0 5/8" 1,058 - 18,70
19,0 3/4" 1,496 - 26,80
22,0 7/8" 2,036 - 36,10
26,0 1" 2,746 - 47,00
29,0 1.1/8" 3,447 - 59,00
32,0 1.1/4" 4,192 - 72,60
38,0 1.1/2" 6,009 - 103,30
42,0 1.5/8" 7,120 - 122,00
45,0 1.3/4" 8,368 - 141,00
52,0 2" 10,921 - 183,70
61
6x36 Warrington-Seale 6x41 Warrington-Seale 6x47 Warrington-Seale

1+7+(7+7)+14 1+8+(8+8)+16 1+6/8+(8+8)+16
Diameter Approx. Mass Minimum Breaking Force (tf)

mm in. (kg/m) IPS EIPS
6,4 1/4" 0,150 2,50 2,72
8,0 5/16" 0,228 3,90 4,26
9,5 3/8" 0,353 5,55 6,10
11,5 7/16" 0,479 7,88 8,27
13,0 1/2" 0,580 10,10 10,80
14,5 9/16 0,786 12,50 13,60
16,0 5/8" 0,919 15,20 16,80
19,0 3/4" 1,359 22,00 24,00
22,0 7/8" 1,842 29,50 32,60
26,0 1" 2,376 38,50 42,60
29,0 1.1/8" 3,064 50,10 53,90
32,0 1.1/4" 3,770 60,10 66,50
35,0 1.3/8" 4,687 73,00 80,50
38,0 1.1/2" 5,530 86,50 95,80
45,0 1.3/4" 7,628 117,70 130,40
52,0 2" 9,978 153,80 170,30
62
9.9 Wire rope class 6x36 - Steel core
6x36 Warrington-Seale 6x41 Warrington-Seale 6x47 Warrington-Seale

1+7+(7+7)+14 1+8+(8+8)+16 1+6/8+(8+8)+16

mm in. (kg/m) IPS EIPS EEIPS
6,4 1/4" 0,173 2,70 3,10 -
8,0 5/16" 0,266 4,15 4,79 -
9,5 3/8" 0,399 5,96 6,86 -
11,5 7/16" 0,538 8,10 9,30 -
13,0 1/2" 0,695 10,50 12,10 -
14,5 9/16" 0,879 13,20 15,20 -
16,0 5/8" 1,044 16,20 18,70 -
19,0 3/4" 1,520 23,40 26,80 -
22,0 7/8" 2,073 31,80 36,10 -
26,0 1" 2,610 41,50 47,00 -
29,0 1.1/8" 3,456 52,50 59,00 -
32,0 1.1/4" 4,230 64,80 72,60 -
35,0 1.3/8" 5,086 78,40 87,20 -
38,0 1.1/2" 5,918 93,30 103,30 -
42,0 1.5/8" 7,368 - 122,00 -
45,0 1.3/4" 8,387 - 141,00 -
52,0 2" 11,159 - 183,70 -
57,2 2.1/4" 13,821 - 232,50 -
63,5 2.1/2" 16,980 - 274,00 301,00
69,9 2.3/4" 19,166 - 333,10 360,00
76,2 3" 24,549 - 389,00 437,20
85,7 3.3/8" 29,744 - 487,00 529,00
95,3 3.3/4" 37,606 - 585,00 640,00
102,0 4" 44,000 - 595,00 647,00
108,0 4.1/4" 46,919 - 667,00 725,10
63
9.10 CWire rope class 6x36 - Steel core
6x71
Warrington-Seale
1+6+8+(8+8)+16+24

mm in. (kg/m) EIPS
114,0 4.1/2 55,700 806,0
121,0 4.3/4 62,000 891,0
127,0 5 68,700 978,0
64
Special for Passenger Elevators - Traction
8x19
Seale
1+9+9
Minimum Breaking
(kg/m)
mm in. TS
8,0 5/16 0,223 2,86
9,5 3/8 0,315 4,10
11,0 - 0,445 5,42
13,0 1/2 0,560 7,60
16,0 5/8 0,880 11,55
Fabricados e testados de acordo com as exigncias da norma ISO 4344
9.12 Cabo de ao classe 8x19 - Alma de fibra

Especial para Elevadores de Passageiros - Limitador
8x19 6x19
Seale Seale
1+9+9 1+9+9
Diameter Minimum Breaking Force (tf)

Approx. Mass
mm in. (kg/m) 1770N/mm2
6,4* 1/4 0,140 2,50
6,4 1/4 0,145 2,52
8,0 5/16 0,223 3,82
* 6x19S+AF
65
9.13 Wire rope class 18x7
19x7
1+6
Diameter Approx. Mass Minimum Breaking Force

mm in. (kg/m) IPS EIPS
6,4 1/4" 0,170 2,40 -
8,0 5/16" 0,260 3,75 -
9,5 3/8" 0,358 5,40 -
11,5 7/16" 0,523 7,40 -
13,0 1/2" 0,699 9,60 -
14,5 9/16 0,821 12,10 -
16,0 5/8" 1,054 15,00 -
19,0 3/4" 1,492 21,50 -
22,0 7/8" 2,050 29,30 -
26,0 1" 2,639 38,20 42,30
29,0 1.1/8" 3,295 48,40 53,60
32,0 1.1/4" 4,121 59,70 66,10
66
9.14 Wire rope class 6x19 - Fibre Core - Fishing
6x19
Seale
1+9+9
Diameter Approx. Mass Minimum Breaking Force

mm in. (kg/m) IPS
9,5 3/8" 0,340 5,60
13,0 1/2" 0,590 9,80
14,5 9/16" 0,770 12,30
16,0 5/8" 0,940 15,20
19,0 3/4" 1,298 21,70
it can vary as a function of the wire rope lay length tolerance..
67
9.15 ProPac
Diameter Minimum Breaking Force

Approx. Mass
mm in. 1960N/mm2
(kg/m)
tf kN
12 0,690 12,00 118
- 1/2" 0,800 14,10 138
- 9/16" 0,930 16,30 160
15 - 1,070 18,80 184
- 5/8" 1,220 21,30 209
18 - 1,540 27,00 265
19 - 1,730 30,00 294
- 3/4" 1,740 30,60 300
20 - 1,930 33,90 332
22 - 2,340 41,00 402
24 - 2,780 48,70 478
- 1" 3,020 52,90 519
26 - 3,240 55,50 544
28 - 3,680 65,40 641
- 1.1/8" 3,940 70,10 687
29 - 4,029 71,50 701
30 - 4,220 75,10 736
- 1.1/4" 4,800 85,40 837
32 - 4,906 86,40 847
34 - 5,420 96,40 945
35 - 5,869 102,10 1.001
36 - 6,209 108,10 1.060
38 - 6,918 120,30 1.180
40 - 7,665 133,40 1.308
42 - 8,451 147,10 1.442
68
9.16 PowerPac

Approx.
Mass 1770 N/mm2 1960 N/mm2 2160 N/mm2
mm in. (kg/m) tf kN tf kN tf kN
12 - 0,673 11,70 115 12,50 123 13,80 135
13 - 0,810 14,00 137 15,40 151 16,90 166
14 - 0,939 16,10 158 17,80 175 19,90 195
16 - 1,226 21,10 207 23,50 230 25,30 248
18 - 1,513 26,50 260 29,50 289 32,00 314
19 - 1,730 29,80 292 33,00 324 35,90 352
20 - 1,865 32,70 321 36,40 357 39,60 388
22 - 2,319 40,00 392 44,30 434 48,30 474
24 - 2,728 47,40 465 52,00 510 56,10 550
26 - 3,239 55,00 539 62,00 608 67,80 665
28 - 3,698 64,20 630 71,20 698 77,80 763
29 - 4,029 69,00 677 75,80 743 82,80 812
30 - 4,240 74,10 727 80,90 793 87,90 862
32 - 4,906 84,40 828 92,90 911 102,20 1.002
35 - 5,869 100,30 984 111,20 1.090 114,60 1.124
36 - 6,082 106,10 1.040 117,60 1.153 128,20 1.257
38 - 6,918 118,60 1.163 132,40 1.298 142,80 1.400
40 - 7,475 131,10 1.286 145,20 1.424 156,70 1.537
42 - 8,451 145,00 1.422 158,00 1.549 175,00 1.716
- 1.3/4" 9,487 158,70 1.556 174,90 1.715 195,20 1.914
46 - 10,138 174,90 1.715 190,30 1.866 211,10 2.070
48 - 11,038 189,70 1.860 209,10 2.050 229,50 2.250
50 - 11,977 202,90 1.990 226,80 2.224 250,50 2.456
52 - 12,955 218,10 2.139 245,40 2.406 269,90 2.647
54 - 13,970 238,60 2.340 264,60 2.595 289,90 2.843
58 - 16,117 272,20 2.669 305,40 2.995 334,20 3.277
60 - 17,247 292,70 2.870 326,60 3.203 357,10 3.502
62 - 18,416 310,00 3.040 348,80 3.420 384,30 3.768
64 - 19,624 324,30 3.180 371,70 3.645 406,20 3.983
66 - 20,869 346,70 3.400 395,30 3.876 433,20 4.248
68 - 22,153 367,10 3.600 419,50 4.114 459,80 4.509
70 - 23,476 387,50 3.800 444,60 4.360 488,90 4.794
72 - 24,836 411,00 4.030 466,60 4.575 517,20 5.072
75 - 26,949 441,10 4.325 505,20 4.954 551,70 5.410
69
9.17 ErgoFlex
Nominal Diameter Minimum Breaking Force

Approx.
Mass 1960N/mm2 2160N/mm2
mm in. (kg/m)
tf kN tf kN
10 - 0,438 9,40 91,70 10,10 98,60
12 - 0,638 13,60 133 14,70 144
13 - 0,750 15,90 156 17,10 168
14 - 0,862 18,50 181 19,70 193
15 - 1,013 21,20 208 22,90 225
16 - 1,141 24,30 238 26,00 255
18 - 1,418 30,40 298 32,20 316
19 - 1,633 34,10 334 37,00 363
20 - 1,777 37,70 370 40,30 395
22 - 2,148 46,10 452 48,60 477
- 7/8" 2,150 46,20 453 48,70 478
24 - 2,529 54,00 530 57,10 560
- 1" 2,910 60,50 593 65,70 644
26 - 3,021 63,90 627 68,30 670
28 - 3,466 73,90 725 78,20 767
- 1.1/8" 3,670 76,50 750 82,30 807
29 - 3,731 79,20 777 83,90 823
30 - 4,025 84,60 830 90,90 891
32 - 4,578 96,30 944 103,30 1.013
34 - 5,168 108,20 1.061 116,40 1.141
36 - 5,829 121,50 1.191 130,50 1.280
38 - 6,476 135,30 1.327 145,30 1.425
40 - 7,138 150,00 1.471 160,90 1.578
42 - 7,940 165,30 1.621 178,00 1.745
45 - 8,960 189,80 1.861 201,90 1.980
70
9.18 ErgoFlex Plus
Nominal Diameter Minimum Breaking Force

Approx.
Mass 1960N/mm2 2160N/mm2
mm in. (kg/m)
tf kN tf kN
22 - 2,490 45,50 446 46,00 451
24 - 2,963 54,60 535 55,60 545
- 1" 3,332 61,10 599 62,20 610
26 - 3,478 63,90 627 65,10 638
28 - 3,920 73,90 725 75,20 737
29 - 4,184 79,20 777 80,90 793
30 - 4,482 84,60 830 86,70 850
32 - 5,134 96,30 944 98,70 968
34 - 5,751 108,20 1.061 111,40 1.092
36 - 6,380 121,50 1.191 123,30 1.209
38 - 7,428 135,30 1.327 137,20 1.345
40 - 7,899 150,00 1.471 152,40 1.494
42 - 8,739 165,30 1.621 168,40 1.651
45 - 10,417 189,80 1.861 193,60 1.898
71
9.19 MinePac

Approx. Mass
1770N/mm2
mm in. (kg/m)
tf kN
38 - 6,17 108,10 1.060
- 1.3/4" 9,23 148,48 1.456
48 - 10,68 171,53 1.682
58 - 15,53 249,75 2.449
60 - 16,41 265,04 2.599
- 2.1/2" 18,70 302,06 2.962
71 - 22,99 346,01 3.393
74 - 24,97 375,89 3.686
72
73
10 Recommendations of wire ropes in
various applications
10.1 Bulldozer
A) Bucket hoisting rope

6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), lang lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.
B) Boom hoisting rope
6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.
C) Bucket drag cable
74
10.2 Bulldozer
D A
C

MinePac, lang lay, bright, 1770 N/mm2.
C) Bucket opening rope
D) Mobile arm command rope
MinePac, lang lay, bright, 1770 N/mm2.
75
10.3 Bulldozer
A C

PowerPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm2.
6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS
ProPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm2.
C) Drag rope
PowerPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm2
76
10.4 Crane on tracks
B
A
A) Hoisting rope
6x25 Filler, fibre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.
C) Boom holding cable
77
10.5 Stationary crane
A
2 1

More than on branch of rope for hoisting load: 6x25 Filler, fibre core (FC), regular lay,
bright, preformed, EIPS.
If the rope is subject to kneading on the drum, use the same specifications above with
steel core (IWRC).
Only a single load hoisting rope: ErgoFlex or ErgoFlexPlus.
C) Crane rotation rope
6x41 Warrington-Seale, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.
D) Tie rods
6x7, steel core (WSC), regular lay, bright/galvanized, preformed, IPS or EIPS.
78
10.6 Overhead crane
A) Hoisting rope
6x41 Warrington-Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.
PowerPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm2.
ProPac, regular lay, bright, .1960 N/mm2.
B) Rope for raising hot loads
6x41Warrington-Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS,
PowerPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm2,
Notes:
Lay right and left can be used simultaneously in installations which have two or more
independent ropes.
Wire rope with steel core (IWRC) is also recommended for working in corrosive
atmosphere.
We manufacture other constructions under consultation.
79
10.7 Suction dredge
D
A
D
B
C
A) Stake rope
6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), Lang lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.
6x41 Warrington-Seale, steel core (IWRC), Lang lay, bright, preformed, IPS.
6x41 Warrington-Seale, steel core (IWRC), Lang lay, bright, preformed, IPS
B) Direction rope
C) Hoisting rope
D) Tie rod ropes
80
10.8 Transportation of wooden logs
A B
A) Winch rope
B) Slings
6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS
81
.
10.9 Pile driver
B
A
A
A) Hammer rope
B) Guide tube rope
C) Block rope
6x25 Filler, fibre core (FC) regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.
6x41 Warrington-Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.
82
10.10 Mining - Inclined plane
A) Traction rope
6x7, fibre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.
6x19 Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.
ProPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/ mm2.
83
10.11 Mining - Inclined well
A) Hoisting rope
6x19 Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.
ProPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm2
10.12 Vertical well

A
A) Hoisting rope
Note:
The following ropes are recommended in installations in which the cabin are not guided:
Ergoflex or ErgoflexPlus
84
10.13 Cableway
A) Track rope
Full-locked coil
B) Tractor rope
6x25 Filler, fibre core natural, regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.
6X19 Seale, synthetic fibre core (SFC), Lang lay, bright, preformed, IPS.
Note:
By virtue of rope wear on the bucket engagement bridges, it is recommended to
always choose the tractor rope with external wires as thick as possible, according to
the diameters of the sheaves on the installation.
For diameters below 1 inch, the construction 6x25F+FC, regular lay and EIPS wire
resistance can be used.
85
10.14 Blast furnace
A
A
A) Hoisting rope
B) Cone ropes
Note:
These ropes are usually pre-stretched before placed into use,
Lay right and left can be used simultaneously in installations which have two or
more independent ropes.
86
10.15 Passenger elevator
C A) Traction ropes
8X19 Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay,
bright, preformed, controlled lubrication
and special wires resistance for
elevators.
B) Compensation rope
bright, preformed, special wires
resistance for elevators.
C) Speed limiter rope
6x19 Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay,
bright, preformed, special wires
resistance for elevators,
galvanized, preformed, special wires
resistance for elevators.
.
87
10.16 Work site winch - Work site elevator
B
B
A) Winch rope
6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS,
6x41 Warrington-Seale, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.
Note:
If the which drum has grooves, the wire rope can be used with fibre core (FC).
88
10.17 Percussion drilling
A) Drilling rope
6x19 Seale, fibre core (FC), regular left lay, bright, preformed, dual tensile wire
resistance.
B) Auxiliary rope
89
10.18 Rotary drilling
A) Drilling ropes
6x19 Seale, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS,
Note:
Fibre core (FC) is recommended only in shallow wells.
B) Auxiliary ropes
6x7, fibre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS or EIPS.
90
10.19 Ropes for offshore
B B
A A
A) Anchoring rope
6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, preformed, galvanized, EIPS.
6x36 Warrington-Seale, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, preformed, galvanized,
EIPS/EEIPS.
EIPS/EEIPS.
EIPS/EEIPS.
B) Indicator rope
6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, preformed, galvanized, EIPS.
EIPS/EEIPS.
EIPS/EEIPS.
EIPS/EEIPS.
Note:
For other constructions, diameters and Minimum Breaking Force, consult our
technical department.
91
10.20 Rope for navy
B D
E
C
A) Hoisting rope or halyard

6x19 Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay, preformed, galvanized, PS.
6x25 Filler, fibre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.
B) Cargo rope
6x19 Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay, preformed, galvanized, PS.
6x41 Warrington-Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.
6x25 Filler, fibre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.
C) Vangs
6x7, fibre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, PS,
6x19 Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, PS
D) and E) Backstays
6x7, fibre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.
6x19 Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.
6x41 Warrington-Seale, fibre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.
92
10.21 Ropes for fishing
C
B
A
B
A
A A
A A
A) Real rope
6x7, fibre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.
6x19 Seale, synthetic fibre core (SFC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.
B) Scissors rope
6x19 Seale, synthetic fibre core (SFC), regular lay, galvanized preformed, IPS.
A) Rope for net trawling

6x19 Seale, synthetic fibre core (SFC), regular lay, galvanized preformed, IPS.
93
10.22 Suspension bridge
A) Main rope
1x19, galvanized, pre-stretched, EIPS.
6x7, steel core (WSC), preformed, galvanized, regular lay, pre-stretched, EIPS.
6x19 Seale, steel core (IWRC), preformed, galvanized, pre-stretched regular lay,
EIPS.
6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), preformed, bright, pre-stretched regular lay, EIPS.
B) Suspension ropes
6x7, steel core (WSC), pre-stretched, regular lay, EIPS.
6x19 Seale, steel core (IWRC), preformed, galvanized, pre-stretched
regular lay, EIPS.
6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), preformed, bright, pre-stretched regular lay, EIPS.
94
10.23 Highway protection
1x7, galvanized, IPS/EIPS.

6x19 Seale, steel core (IWRC), preformed, galvanized, pre-stretched regular lay,
IPS/EIPS.
95
10.24 Electricity
A
A
C
C
A) Ground rope
Strand 7 wires, galvanized, HS or EHS.
B) Messenger rope and tie rods
C) Aluminum ropes
96
10.25 Port crane
A) Hoisting rope
PowerPac, regular lay, galvanized, 1960 N/mm2
97
10.26 Tirfor
A) Hoisting rope
10.27 Suspended Fishing Tackle
A) Spiral Strand
Spiral Strand 19 wires, galvanized, HS.
98
10.28 Derrick
A) Hoisting rope
19x7 Rotation Resistant, regular lay, bright or galvanized, IPS.
Ergoflex, lang lay, galvanized, 1960 N/mm2
ErgoflexPlus, lang lay, galvanized, 1960 N/mm2
A) Tie Rod
1x19 wires, galvanized, IPS.
99
10.29 Rocker arm
A) Hoisting rope
6x19 Seale, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright or galvanized, preformed, EIPS.
100
10.30 Tensostructure
A) Anchorage tie rod

1x19, galvanized, pre-stretched, EIPS
1x37, galvanized, pre-stretched, EIPS,
6x7, steel core (WSC), preformed, galvanized, regular lay, pre-stretched, EIPS,
6x19 Seale, steel core (IWRC), preformed, galvanized, regular lay,
pre-stretched, EIPS.
101
10.31 Hillo Winch
A) Hoisting rope
6x25 Filler, fibre core (FC) or steel core (IWRC), preformed, bright, pre-stretched
regular lay, EIPS.
6x41 Warrington-Seale, fibre core (FC) or steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright,
preformed, IPS.
B) Slings
6x25 Filler, fibre core (FC), preformed, bright, pre-stretched regular lay, EIPS.
This technical manual contains recommendations on the type of wire ropes to be

used in the majority of industrial applications; however, we recommend that the
wire rope to be replaced has similar characteristics to the original rope of the
equipment or that our Technical Assistance is consulted to adapt the best product.
102
The Cimaf ropes are in constant development in their
production, maintenance and distribution processes.
With the verticalization of the stockpiles, the Cimaf

ropes have achieved a level of agility and organization
which make the brand a pioneer in the development of
advanced logistic methods in its segment.
103
9A - 0014
104
105

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Wire Rope

Factory and sales

What was good became even better.

Cimaf maintains a dynamic Quality Assurance System, in continuous enhancement,

3 Properties of the wire rope 23

4 Recommendations for using 27

6 Wire rope splicing 35

10 Recommendations of wire ropes 74

Initial Correspondence in N/mm2

Wire Strength Category

Wire Strength Category

SHT EEIPS EIPS IPS PS

2.1/2 Wire ropes

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

2.1 Constructions and lay types

Due to the wire positioning characteristic, the strands

Strict contact between the wires, promoting greater

In the Seale composition there are at least two adjacent

The Filler composition has very thin wires between the

Warrington is the composition where there is at least one

On the other hand, there are still other kinds of

Regular Regular Lang Lang

Application Specification Properties Supplier

Overhead Crane ROCOL RD-105 Calcium Soap with ITW

Work Site COSMOLUBE Bentone Soap with Houghton

Preformed rope Non preformed or semi preformed rope

Spinning loss factor Rope class

0,96 Spiral Strand 3 and 7 wires

Note: When the finish is not indicated, it is understood as bright.

3.1 Working loads limit and design factors

Applications Design Factors

Static ropes and spiral strands 3 to 4

Rope for pulling in the horizontal direction 4 to 5

Winches, cranes, bulldozers 5

Work site elevators 8 to 10

3.2 Constructional Stretch of the wire ropes

The actual diameter will be the average of four measured values..

Nominal diameter of the Tolerance as percentage of the nominal diameter

4.1 Choice of construction as a function of the application

Maximum 6 x 41 Warrington-Seale Minimum resistance

4.2 Diameters of sheaves and drums

Rope construction Diameter of the Sheave or Drum

Crane ASME Elevation of boom 15 15

Derrick ASME Hoisting 18 18

Offshore crane API SPEC 9B Hoisting 18 18

D = Diameter of the sheave or drum

GROOVE OF THE NEW OR MACHINED SHEAVE

WEAR OF THE SHEAVE GROOVE

The wire rope will maintain sharp

Rope with lay direction to the right

Top winding from Bottom winding from

Rope with lay direction to the left

Top winding from Bottom winding

For more information, please consult our Technical Department.

7.1 Number of broken wires

7.2 External wear

7.4 Unbalance of the wire ropes

7.6 Replacement criteria

8.1 Spiral strands

Construction Characteristics Table

Used in stays, tie rods, messenger ropes and 57

Used in the automobile industry to breaks, 58

Construction Characteristics Table