WHAT IS BOT AS USED IN DATA COMMUNICATION?

A bot (short for "robot") is an automated program that runs over the Internet. Some bots run
automatically, while others only execute commands when they receive specific input.
Index is a database that correlates keywords and websites so that the search engine can display websites
that match a user's search query.

A crawler is a program that visits Web sites and reads their pages and other information in order to create
entries for a search engine index. The major search engines on the Web all have such a program, which is
also known as a "spider" or a "bot. A Web crawler, sometimes called a spider, is an Internet bot that
systematically browses the World Wide Web, typically for the purpose of Web indexing (web spidering).
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPERATING SYSTEM AND UTILITY SYSTEM
An operating system is the software that bridges the gap between the system and the user. An operating
system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer
hardware devices.
Utility software performs actions essential for protecting, guiding, securing, and storing information or
data appropriately in the system. A utility program performs a specific task, usually related to managing
a computer, its devices, or its programs.
CAUSES THAT MAKES A COMPUTER NOT TO CONNECT TO A NETWORK

IP Conflicts On Your Network

Check if you are not blocked from the service provider or by firewalls
Poor or bad cable connectivity
Domain name server problems
Invalid Password
The workgroup is not a member of the appropriate group
Bad network card- Network cards do go bad from time to time, especially in areas where power
service is unreliable
NETWORK VULNERABILITIES ON LAN

Misconfigured hardware or software

Poor network design
Inherent technology weaknesses
End-user carelessness
Intentional end-user acts (that is, disgruntled employees)

2 A I) OUTLINE TWO MODELS OF COMPUTER NETWORK THAT CAN BE CONFIGURED

IN AN ORGANIZATION
Peer-to-peer networks are more commonly implemented where less than ten computers are involved and
where strict security is not necessary. All computers have the same status, hence the term 'peer', and they
communicate with each other on an equal footing.
Client/server networks are more suitable for larger networks. A central computer, or 'server', acts as the
storage location for files and applications shared on the network. Usually the server is a higher than
average performance computer. The server also controls the network access of the other computers which
are referred to as the 'client' computers.
2 a ii) DEFINE PARABOLIC AS USED IN UNGUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
Parabolic reflective antenna, types of antennas used for terrestrial microwave communication and
satellite applications. It is a curve surface with the cross-sectional shape of parabola used to focus the
signal in a defined direction
Isotropic antenna is a point in space that radiates power in all directions equally. The actual radiation
pattern for the isotropic antenna is a sphere with the antenna at the center.
2 b) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CAT4 AND CAT5 TWISTED PAIR CABLE
CAT4- contains 4 pairs of wires and can carry up to 16Mbps with a possible bandwidth of 20MHz. (UTP)
CAT4 cables are a lower quality than CAT5. They can only be run shorter distances than CAT5 because
they have smaller diameter wires and less shielding and so are suceptable to more interference. Now-a-
days CAT4 is only used for phone systems. CAT5, CAT5E, and CAT6 are the standards for network
cabling today.
CAT5- contains 4 pairs of wires and can carry up to 100Mbps with a possible bandwidth of100MHz
2 c)
i. Source/sender-the sender is the device that sends the data message.
ii. Transmitter-converts a digital signal into an analog signal and vise versa
iii. Communication channel/media-the transmission medium is the physical path by which a
message
travels from sender to receiver.
iv. Destination/receiver-the receiver is the device that receive the message.

2 D I) TWO BENEFITS OF FULL DUPLEX DATA FLOW IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

i. Speed-With a full duplex network environment, that data can be sent and received at the same
time.

Homogeneous Environment
ii. It can be much easier for network administrators to work with a single homogeneous
environment. Troubleshooting is easier when every piece of network equipment, from the servers,
switches and hubs in the data room to the terminals and computers on the floor, are set to full
duplex.

iii. Accuracy and room for explanation n and persuasion is provided

2 d ii)