Rebar Steel.

Photo Brockamer
Updated December 04, 2014.

Reinforcing steel bars are used to help concrete withstand tension forces. Concrete by nature is
sufficiently strong to compression forces, although tension forces can crack concrete. Deformed
rebars on reinforcing steel was made a standard requirement since 1968, however, plain rebars
are also used in situations where the reinforcing steel is expected to slide as usually installed in
highway pavement and in segmental bridges.

The deformed patter on a rebar will help the concrete to adhere to the reinforcing steel surface.
The pattern on a deformed bar is not specified, however, the spacing, and the height of the
bumps is regulated.

Definition: The ASTM, now known as ASTM International was established in 1898,
to provide a world-wide based forum and standard for materials, products and
services. ASTM brings and pronounces high quality standards used in research and
development, testing and quality systems, ASTM standards form an important piece
of information that are prepared by thousands of volunteer technical committees.
ASTM memebers are selected from around the world having developed more than
12,000 standards.

MotorOperated Sand Sifter

Juanito Jr. M. Origines, Anacleta K. Perez, Dario V. Gawala

Abstract

The study developed a motor operated-sand sifter. It described the main features of the
equipment in the aspect of preparation, design, materials and cost, procedure of assembly and
operation and parts and functions of the equipment. An experimental research method was used
employing actual assembly and direct observation of the performance of the equipment. The
study was conducted in Bohol Island State University, Selected mechanical engineering students
did the actual testing with the supervision of the researchers. The results were based on actual
observation and data gathered during the experiment. The 5o angle of inclination of the rocker in
200mm displacement sifted the biggest volume of sand. It measured 2.78 m3/hr. The kind of
sand sifted was 87.30% passing by volume through the sifter. The fine aggregates comprise
87.30% of the total mixture while the bigger sizes comprise 12.70% of the total mixture. The
bigger sizes of sand that remained in the sifter are removed automatically passing through the
sifter opening. It was concluded that motor- operated sand sifter was very efficient in sand sifting
as compared to manually operated sand sifter. It is very applicable in construction industry.

doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7718/iamure.ijmet.v2i1.261

PROJECT DETAILS

I. Introduction

Despite stiff competition from other materials, steel remains one of the
most important engineering materials (Goto, 1971). One of its by product
was steel bars that has been for building construction and steel
fabrication.

Unfortunately, there are companies that their product had not meet the
required standard and still want that product to be consumed through
selling to their customers. According to

DESIGN AND DEVELOP A MOBILE ENGINE OPERATED ROTARY SAND SIFTER

PROJECT DETAILS

I. Introduction

Construction Industry in this present time is in a huge growth and keeps

on growing, and one of the most important aspects of construction is
concrete. In a concrete mixture, fine aggregates plays a very significant
role in terms of strength, durability and workability. According to standard
specification for Concrete Aggregates (ASTM C33), very coarse sand could
compromise the workability of a concrete that may lead to a rapid wear
out of a structure. Sand is also essential in how the structure would
appear. Workers uses fine sand for smooth finishing touches of concrete
walls, posts and etc. In addition hollow block manufacturers prefer to use
fine sand to avoid cracks and dents in making their product. That is why
an ideal fine aggregate or sand should be sieved into smaller particles for
effective usage and also meet the standard set by ASTM.

Traditionally, the process of sand sifting is done using a sieve which is

made of wood frame and sieve screen wherein workers would rock it back
 and forth until all the sand are completely sifted. Although the manual
operation is cheap and the sieve screen is essay to make, it is still
unsuitable in a way that a worker exert a lot of effort and time because
the job is quite heavy and very tiring.

This study looked forward to the challenge of enhancing the process of

sand sifting by developing a design of a sand sifter machine that will get
rid of excessive effort that a worker exert inn a sifting operation.

II. Objectives

In general, this study will focus on the design and develop a mobile sand
sifter.
The following are the objectives of the study.

1. To design and develop a prototype a mobile diesel engine

operated sand sifter.
2. To test the performance of the in terms of its output.
3. Compare the output of manual sifting to mechanical output, in
terms of capacity of sand sifted, cost of operation and time.

III. Literature Review

Origenes, et al., (2012), innovate a machine that can sieve sand with a
higher efficiency that requires a shorter period of time and that was
motor-operated sand sifter. It was found out that it was more efficient and
time saving compared to traditional manual operation of sand sifting. The
machine that was fabricated performed efficiency once the rocker on the
sifting mechanism is inclined in 5 degrees. They recommended that the
sides of the rocker shall be provided with stoppers to prevent the sand
from skipping out of the sifter and other motor to be used to obtain better
or desired speed on sifting the sand.

Ali, et al., (2012) designed a mechanical sieving that used three stacks of
sieves simultaneously consuming three samples to lessen the time
consumption. The cost of the machine was also decreased since the
principle of operation was designed in a simple way.

Aquilla (2007), develop an original model of automatic sieve-shaker using

a vertical oscillating with six workplace so it can allow to process six soil
samples simultaneously. Its purpose was to determine the soil aggregate
stability and dimensional distribution. This proposed was realize that the
lifter can support the leveling of the soil sample in the water or usually
called wet sieving.

VI. METHODOLOGY
 The study is an applied research in deriving a prototype mobile engine
operated sand sifter. The design should be based on safety and easy
usage. The motion of sand sifter would be rotational which is driven by a
diesel engine motor connected by a belt and can be easily transported.

For the testing and performance of the sand sifter, reasonable test run will
be carried out. Data that will be collected are the time consumed, the
varying rpm of the sifter and the sifted sand, per uniform amount of input
sand. Also to collect data for different condition of the sands over the
mechanical sand sifter.

For the comparison of manual and mechanical, experimental research is

applied in determining the cost, sifted output and time. Cost for manual
labor over the cost of labor and fuel consumption. The sand sifted by
manual over mechanical and the time consumed by manual sifting over
mechanical sifting of sand.

IV. References
Origenes J. M., Perez A., Gawala D. (2012). Motor Operated Sand Sifter.
Ali E., Ekwue E., Bridge J., Birch R. (2013). A Three-Stack Mechanical Sieve
Shaker for Determining Aggregate Size Distribution of Soils. The West
Indian Journal of Engineering, Vol. 35 No. 2.
Aguila R., (2007). Automatic Sieve Shaker for Determining Soil Aggregate
Stability and Dimensional Distribution using A Vertical Oscillation System.
Vol 2, No. 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2007.401
V. Work Plan

Activities Mont Mont Mont Mont Mont Mont Mont Mont

h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8
Make a design X
Purchase X X
Materials for the
fabrication of
sand sifter
Fabrication and X X X X
Installation of
sand sifter

Testing and X
commissioning
of the sand
sifter
Conduct run X
testing for
mechanical sand
sifting
Conduct run X
testing for
manual sand
sifting
Data Analysis X
Preparation and X
Submission of
terminal report

VI. Proposed Budget

A) MOOE

Description Qty Total

cost
Heavy duty screen #200 3m
Heavy duty screen 3m
GI Sheet # 20 1
sht
Angle bar 2x2x3/8 3L
Flat bar 1/2x3/8 2L
Bearing Heavy duty 4pc
Round pipe 1 Sch 40 1L
Welding rod 4 kg