ORAL BIOFILMS

MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL

MEASURES

M.J. Verkaik
Printed by:

ISBN: 978-90-367-4765-3 (printed version)

ISBN: 978-90-367-4766-0 (electronic version)

Cover:
Confocal laser scanning microscopic overlayer images of 16 h old multi-species
biofilms after exposure to chitosan toothpaste supernatant and 2 h re-deposition with
bacteria from saliva.
Staining was done with Live/Dead and Dapi stain: green represents live bacteria while
dead bacteria appear as red fluorescent dots, blue represents the slime layer (EPS)
 ORAL BIOFILMS
MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL
MEASURES

Proefschrift

ter verkrijging van het doctoraat in de

Medische Wetenschappen
aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
op gezag van de
Rector Magnificus, dr. F. Zwarts,
in het openbaar te verdedigen op
woensdag 9 februari 2011
om 14.45 uur

door

Martinus Johannes Verkaik

geboren op 8 september 1975

te Wolvega
Promotores: Prof.dr. H.C. van der Mei
Prof.dr.ir. H.J. Busscher
Prof.dr. F. Abbas

Beoordelingscommissie: Prof.dr. J.E. Degener

Prof.dr. U. van der Velden
Prof.dr.ir. A.J. van Winkelhoff
Paranimfen: E.K. de Jong
B.J. Swart
 Contents

Chapter 1 General introduction and aims of this thesis 9

History of Oral Health
Oral Biofilm Plaque Formation
Mechanical and Chemical Plaque Control
Biofilm Models in Oral Health Care
Potential Synergy of Mechanical and Chemical Plaque Control
Aims of this thesis

Chapter 2 Comparison of different modes of contact brushing on 27

removal of early colonizing oral bacteria
- an in vitro study with single strains -

Chapter 3 Comparison of different modes of contact brushing on 47

removal of early colonizing oral bacteria
- dual- and multi-species biofilms in vitro -

Chapter 4 Oral biofilm models for mechanical plaque removal 65

Verkaik MJ, Busscher HJ, Rustema-Abbing M, Slomp AM, Abbas F,
Van der Mei HC (2010). Oral biofilm models for mechanical plaque
removal. Clin Oral Investig 14 (4):403-409.

Chapter 5 Efficacy of natural antimicrobials in toothpaste 83

formulations against oral biofilms in vitro
Verkaik MJ, Busscher HJ, Jager D, Slomp AM, Abbas F, Van der Mei
HC (submitted to Journal of Dentistry)

Chapter 6 Summary and Conclusions 99

Samenvatting 109

Dankwoord 119