38. What is difference between microcontroller and microprocessor?

Ans:

Microprocessor
Memory, ports, timers, interrupts and
controllers are external to the chip.
Based on Von-Neumann architecture.
Have many instructions for data transfer b/w
Microcontroller
Memory, ports, interrupts and controllers are
internal to the chip.
Based on Harvard architecture.
Have limited instructions for data transfer b/w
the microprocessor and external memory. the microcontroller and external memory.
The instruction sets contains limited number It performs large number of bit level
of instructions for bit operation. operation.

39. What are flags and Program status word (PSW)?

Ans: Flags are 1-bit registers provided to store the result of certain program instructions.
PSW: The PSW contains the math flags, user program flag F0, and the registerselect bits
that identify which of the four general purpose register banks is currently in use by the
program.
CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV -- P

40. What is stack?

Ans: The stack refers to an area of internal RAM that is used in conjugation with certain
opcodes to Store and retrieve data quickly.

41.What is counter?

Ans; Counter is the process of counting the pulses generated by any system.

42. Explain the TCON special function register?

Ans: TCON special function register

TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0

Explain the above table based on your microcontroller knowledge of flags1 and 0s and
others.

43. Explain TMOD special function register.

Ans: TMOD special function register

Gate C/Tbar M1 M0 Gate C/Tbar M1 M0
44. Draw the special function register for SCON and PCON.

Ans: SCON
SM0 SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI
PCON:
SM0D -- -- -- GF1 GF0 PD IDL

45. What do you mean by timer flag interrupt?

Ans: When a timer/counter overflows, the corresponding timer flag, TF0 or TF1, is set to 1.
The flag is cleared to 0 when the resulting interrupt generates a program call to the
appropriate timer subroutine in memory.

46. Draw and explain the Interrupt enable (IE) and Interrupt Priority (IP) special
function register.

Ans: IE special function register:

EA -- ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0
IP special function registers:
-- -- PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0

--not implemented

PT2: Reserved for future use.

PS: Priority of serial port interrupt.

PT1: Priority of timer of 1 overflow interrupt. Set cleared by program.

PX1: Priority of external int1.

PT0: Priority of timer0 overflow interrupt.

PX0: Priority of external int 0.

47. What are different addressing modes in microcontroller? Give one example for each.

Ans:1.Immediate addressing mode. Eg: (ADD A,#77)

2. Register addressing mode. Eg: (ADD A, R0)
3. Direct addressing mode. Eg: (MOV A, 088H)
4. Indirect addressing mode. Eg: (MOV A,@R0)
48.What are the different instruction sets ?

Ans:1. Data transfer instruction.

2.Arithmetic instruction.

3.Logical Instruction.

4.Boolean variable manipulation instruction.

5. Program branching instructions.

49. For the given set of instruction name the operation and addressing modes.
i)MOV A,#n

ii)MOV A, addr

iii)MOVX A,@DPTR

iv)MOVC A,@A+DPTR

v)XCH A,Rn

Ans: i) Operation: Copy the immediate 8 bit data into the accumulator.
Addressing mode: Immediate add mode.

It is a 2 byte instruction.

ii) Operation: Copy the contents of the internal RAM address (addr) into theaccumulator.
Addressing mode: Direct addressing mode.

It is a 2 byte instruction.

iii) Operation: Copy the contents of the external RAM address stored in DPTR into
the accumulator.
Addressing mode: Indirect addressing mode.

It is a 1 byte instruction.
iv) Operation: Copy the code byte, found at the ROM address formed by adding A and the
DPTR, into the accumulator.

It is a 1 byte instruction.

v) Operation: Exchange data bytes between the accumulator and the register Rn.

Addressing: Register Addressing mode.

It is a 1 byte instruction.

50. What are the various jump instructions in microcontroller?

Ans: It is of two types- conditional jump and unconditional jump. Conditional jump is of two
types byte level instruction an bit level instruction. Similarly unconditional jump is also
divided into 3 sub-jump and these are- Short jump, Absolute jump, Long jump.

51. What do you mean by subroutine?

Ans: A subroutine is a program that may be used many times in the execution of a larger
program
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The internal RAM memory of the 8051 is:

A. 32 bytes

B. 64 bytes

C. 128 bytes

D. 256 bytes

Answer: Option C

2. This program code will be executed continuously:

STAT: MOV A, #01H

JNZ STAT

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

3. The 8051 has ________ 16-bit counter/timers.

A. 1 B. 2

C. 3 D. 4

Answer: Option B

4. The address space of the 8051 is divided into four distinct areas: internal data,
external data, internal code, and external code.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A
5. Data transfer from I/O to external data memory can only be done with the MOVX
command.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

6. The 8051 can handle ________ interrupt sources.

A. 3 B. 4

C. 5 D. 6

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

There are five interrupt sources for the 8051, which means that they can recognize 5
different events that can interrupt regular program execution. Each interrupt can be
enabled or disabled by setting bits of the IE register. Likewise, the whole interrupt
system can be disabled by clearing the EA bit of the same register.

7. The special function registers are maintained in the next 128 locations after the
general-purpose data storage and stack.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

8. This statement will set the address of the bit to 1 (8051 Micro-controller):
SETB 01H

A. True B. False

Answer: Option B

9. MOV A, @ R1 will:

A. copy R1 to the accumulator

B. copy the accumulator to R1

 C. copy the contents of memory whose address is in R1 to the accumulator

D. copy the accumulator to the contents of memory whose address is in R1

Answer: Option C

10. A label is used to name a single line of code.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

11. The following program will receive data from port 1, determine whether bit 2 is high,
and then send the number FFH to port 3:
READ: MOV A,P1
ANL A,#2H
CJNE A,#02H,READ
MOV P3,#FFH

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

12. Device pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 for the 8051 are used for connections to an external
oscillator or crystal.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

13. When the 8051 is reset and the line is HIGH, the program counter points to the
first program instruction in the:

A. internal code memory

B. external code memory

C. internal data memory

 D. external data memory

Answer: Option A

14. An alternate function of port pin P3.4 in the 8051 is:

A. Timer 0

B. Timer 1

C. interrupt 0

D. interrupt 1

Answer: Option A

15. Both registers TL0 and TL1 are needed to start Timer 0.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option B

16. The I/O ports that are used as address and data for external memory are:

A. ports 1 and 2

B. ports 1 and 3

C. ports 0 and 2

D. ports 0 and 3

Answer: Option C
17. The last 96 locations in the internal data memory are reserved for general-purpose
data storage and stack.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option B

18. Microcontrollers often have:

A. CPUs

B. RAM

C. ROM

D. all of the above

Answer: Option D

19. The 8051 has ________ parallel I/O ports.

A. 2 B. 3

C. 4 D. 5

Answer: Option C

20. The total external data memory that can be interfaced to the 8051 is:

A. 32K B. 64K

C. 128K D. 256K

Answer: Option B
21. Which of the following instructions will load the value 35H into the high byte of timer
0?

A. MOV TH0, #35H

B. MOV TH0, 35H

C. MOV T0, #35H

D. MOV T0, 35H

Answer: Option A

22. Bit-addressable memory locations are:

A. 10H through 1FH

B. 20H through 2FH

C. 30H through 3FH

D. 40H through 4FH

Answer: Option B

23. The 8-bit address bus allows access to an address range of:

A. 0000 to FFFFH

B. 000 to FFFH

C. 00 to FFH

D. 0 to FH

Answer: Option C
24. The contents of the accumulator after this operation
MOV A,#0BH
ANL A,#2CH
will be

A. 11010111 B. 11011010

C. 00001000 D. 00101000

Answer: Option C

25. The start-conversion on the ADC0804 is done by using the:

A.

B. CS line

C. INTR line

D. V ref/2 line

Answer: Option A

26. This program code will be executed once:

STAT: MOV A, #01H

JNZ STAT

A. True B. False

Answer: Option B

27. Which of the following instructions will move the contents of register 3 to the
accumulator?

A. MOV 3R, A

B. MOV R3, A
 C. MOV A, R3

D. MOV A, 3R

Answer: Option C

28. Which of the following statements will add the accumulator and register 3?

A. ADD @R3, @A

B. ADD @A, R3

C. ADD R3, A

D. ADD A, R3

Answer: Option D

29. Data transfer from I/O to external data memory can only be done with the MOV
command.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option B

30. Which of the following commands will move the number 27H into the accumulator?

A. MOV A, P27

B. MOV A, #27H

C. MOV A, 27H

D. MOV A, @27

Answer: Option B
31. This program code will read data from port 0 and write it to port 2, and it will stop
looping when bit 3 of port 2 is set:

STAT: MOV A, PO
MOV P2,A
JNB P2.3, STAT

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

32. Which of the following commands will move the value at port 3 to register 2?

A. MOV P2, R3

B. MOV R3, P2

C. MOV 3P, R2

D. MOV R2, P3

Answer: Option D

33. The number of data registers is:

A. 8 B. 16

C. 32 D. 64

Answer: Option C

34. When the 8051 is reset and the EA line is LOW, the program counter points to the
first program instruction in the:

A. internal code memory

B. external code memory

 C. internal data memory

D. external data memory

Answer: Option B

35. The designs of a centigrade thermometer and a PWM speed-control circuit can be
implemented by the 8051.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

36. What is the difference between the 8031 and the 8051?

A. The 8031 has no interrupts.

B. The 8031 is ROM-less.

C. The 8051 is ROM-less.

D. The 8051 has 64 bytes more memory.

Answer: Option B

37. The I/O port that does not have a dual-purpose role is:

A. port 0

B. port 1

C. port 2

D. port 3

Answer: Option B
38. To interface external EPROM memory for applications, it is necessary to demultiplex
the address/data lines of the 8051.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

39. The following command will copy the accumulator to the location whose address is
23H:
MOV 23H,A

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

40. The special function registers can be referred to by their hex addresses or by their
register names.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

41. The contents of the accumulator after this operation

MOV A,#2BH
ORL A,00H
will be:

A. 1B H

B. 2B H

C. 3B H

D. 4B H

Answer: Option B

42. The following program will cause the 8051 to be stuck in a loop:
 LOOP: MOV A, #00H
JNZ LOOP

A. True B. False

Answer: Option B

43. Which of the following commands will copy the contents of RAM whose address is in
register 0 to port 1?

A. MOV @ P1, R0

B. MOV @ R0, P1

C. MOV P1, @ R0

D. MOV P1, R0

Answer: Option C

44. The statement LCALL READ passes control to the line labelled READ.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

45. Which of the following commands will copy the contents of location 4H to the
accumulator?

A. MOV A, 04H

B. MOV A, L4

C. MOV L4, A

D. MOV 04H, A

Answer: Option A
46. The microcontroller is useful in systems that have nonvariable programs for dedicated
applications.

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

47. The total amount of external code memory that can be interfaced to the 8051 is:

A. 32K B. 64K

C. 128K D. 256K

Answer: Option B

48. The ADC0804 has ________ resolution.

A. 4-bit B. 8-bit

C. 16-bit D. 32-bit

Answer: Option B

49. A HIGH on which pin resets the 8051 microcontroller?

A. RESET B. RST

C. PSEN D. RSET

Answer: Option B

50. An alternate function of port pin P3.1 in the 8051 is:

A. serial port input

 B. serial port output

C. memory write strobe

D. memory read strobe

Answer: Option B
51. Which of the following instructions will move the contents of the accumulator to register
6?

A. MOV 6R, A

B. MOV R6, A

C. MOV A, 6R

D. MOV A, R6

Answer: Option B

52. The following command will rotate the 8 bits of the accumulator one position to the
left:
RL A

A. True B. False

Answer: Option A

53. An alternate function of port pin P3.0 (RXD) in the 8051 is:

A. serial port input

B. serial port output

C. memory write strobe

D. memory read strobe

Answer: Option A