IAETSD Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences, Volume 4, Issue 1, Jan-June /2017

ISSN (Online): 2394-8442

FUZZY LOGIC BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR

HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
K. Vijay[1], A. Geetha[2]
Department of Electrical and Electronics, SRM University, Kattakulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
vvijay9345@gmail.com, geeanbu@gmail.com

ABSTRACT.

Nowadays, the development of electric vehicle needs the supervisory energy management strategy for getting high
performance. In this paper, the implementation fuzzy logic energy management strategy for the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is
utilized to obtain the separation of power for the battery and ultra capacitor. The Electric vehicle needs more number of energy storage systems
for more power capacity. So, the battery and the ultra capacitor are implemented to accomplish the various speed ranges by the various current
inputs. Energy management is used to manage the power consumption from the various energy storage devices present in the electric vehicle.
For reducing the issue of real time control, the fuzzy logic controller energy management strategy is suitable. The dynamic response of electric
vehicle during the various driving modes will increases by more number of sub-rules present in the fuzzy logic controller block. State of
charge is maintained within the limit for both battery and ultra capacitors. This method is suitable for both rush city driving and free highway
driving.

Keywords Hybrid Energy Storage System, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Ultra capacitor, Supervisory Energy Management Strategy,
Battery.
I. INTRODUCTION
An efficient way of using the electric vehicle is the main thing to reduce carbon present in the atmosphere. For the developing cities or countries,
the fuel consumption for transportation is getting increases day by day.

Fig.1 Block diagram of the proposed system

For solving the DC link, the parallel active topology is shown in the proposed block diagram. In this block diagram, the flow of energy is
indicating with arrows to the direction, and the signal flow is represents the dashed lines. So, the electric vehicles are the only hope to satisfy the
needs of transportation. The vehicle is separated from the sources of energy Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
and All Electric Vehicle. The proposed hybrid electric vehicle is consisting of two energy storage devices such as UC and battery. The
development of technologies in batteries is helpful in the field of electric vehicles. Brushless DC motors are mostly used in the electric vehicle.
Because of, it gives the high starting torque.

To Cite This Article: K. Vijay and A. Geetha,. FUZZY LOGIC BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
FOR HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE. Journal for Advanced Research in
Applied Sciences ; Pages: 59-67
60. K. Vijay and A. Geetha,. FUZZY LOGIC BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR HYBRID
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences;
Pages: 59-67

Also, it gives 125% of torque at the period of starting of the vehicle. Ultra capacitor has high power density with quick response for the dynamic
operation. But UC lags in energy density. Two types of energy management strategies are rule-based FEMS and optimization based FEMS [1].
Here, we are using rule-based energy management strategy in the fuzzy logic controller system. The optimization from the offline and the
membership functions from the online tuning; the last driving patterns for optimal membership functions are obtained from fuzzy logic
controller energy management strategy [1]. The battery current stresses are evaluated for the comparison with an efficiency of the various
electric vehicle configurations. Battery/UC packs should be easier, accurate and effect for the implementation, unlike Fuel cell/battery pack. The
battery is used to getting the energy from regenerative braking, and transient response of fuel cells will be reduced [2-5]. Battery pack supplies
the estimated current according to implemented FEMS specifications available in the controller if the vehicle.

Fig.2 Block diagram of the fuzzy logic controller system

Battery and UC pack supplies calculated current and complementary current to meet the driving cycle demand. Battery and UC packs are the
dual energy storage system [6]. Unidirectional DC/DC converter was connected with battery pack and the bidirectional DC/DC converter was
connected in parallel with the ultra capacitor. This configuration gives the absorption of full regenerative energy by the UC. The battery pack is
used to supply energy, not for energy absorption [7].

II. CONVERTER CONFIGURATIONS OF THE SYSTEM

A. Boost Converter

The desired output of boost converter can be accomplished by the inductor (Li) and capacitor (Ci). The output supply has represented load
resistor R2. Both continuous and discontinuous current modes are occurs in the power stage. The continuous current flow occurs in the inductor
during the full cycle in steady state operation in the continuous inductor current mode. Zero current in the inductor for the switching cycle in
discontinuous induction current mode. It reaches peak value from zero value, and again it goes to zero in each switching cycle. For only one
mode of power stage over its conditions of operation is desired because the frequency changes between those modes of operation in the power
stage [8].

Fig.3 Circuit diagram of boost converter

Neglect diode voltage and the transistor.

Vi
V =

V
=
V +V

=

61. K. Vijay and A. Geetha,. FUZZY LOGIC BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR HYBRID
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences;
Pages: 59-67

VIN and Vought are input and output voltage respectively. D is duty cycle; Ton is ON time, Tuff is OFF time, Ts is switching time and Fs is
switching frequency.

1) Inductor and capacitor selection of boost converter

The inductor is work as magnetic field storage device, and the core material work as the energy storage. The Switch control is the function of
PWM, and the switch element is the transistor. The diode and the capacitors are normally used in the rectifier and functional block.
Inductor value

Vi
=

Capacitor value
I
=

Where, the ripple in the maximum value of current at output side Itipple=10% of Iom. Ripple voltage at output side Vripple= 0.02% - 0.05% of Vout.

B. Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter

It has capability of bidirectional transfer of energy between two DC buses. There is no power flow capability in the DC-DC converter like buck
and boost converter. The presence of diode is the limitation by the prevention of reverse current flow. By replacing the diodes in the
unidirectional DC-DC converter for tuning into the bidirectional converter with a switch for controlling the converter [9]. The buck and boost
converter with its structure is in the fig.4.

Fig.4 Circuit diagram of buck/boost converter

C. Modes of operation

1) Boost mode
In this mode diode D1 and switch S2 getting the condition its duty cycle. Then the switch S1 and diode D2 are OFF state all time.
Depending on the switch S1 and diode D2 condition, this mode is separated into two intervals. In the first interval, the switch S2 is ON, diode
D2 is OFF, S1 is OFF and D2 is off. In this mode S2 is ON then it is to be short-circuited, at low voltage side charges the inductor current from
the inductor is increasing till the gate pulse is not stopped in the switch S2. Since D1 is reverse biased, the switch S1 is OFF, then current flow in
the switch S1 is zero.
62. K. Vijay and A. Geetha,. FUZZY LOGIC BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR HYBRID
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences;
Pages: 59-67

Fig.5 Circuit diagram of boost mode operation

In second interval switches S2 and S1 are OFF, then it can be considered as open circuited. In inductor the current cannot change
instantaneously. Then the voltage polarity it reverses. It acts like in series connected at input voltage. The output capacitor C2 is charging by the
inductor current due to the forward biased diode D1.
HV bus voltage,
V w
=

2) Buck mode

Fig.6 Circuit diagram of buck mode operation

In this mode diode D2 and switch S1 are in conduction based on duty cycle, then the diode D1 and the switch S2 are in OFF condition at all the
time. This mode is also divided into two intervals based on the conduction on the diode D1 and switch S2. In the first, switch S2 is ON, diode
D2 is OFF, switch S1 is OFF and diode D2 is OFF. The switch S1 is ON and switch S2 is OFF, then the inductor is getting charged with the
higher voltage battery, and then the capacitor output will be changed by bit. In the second interval switch S1 and S2 are OFF, diode D1 is
OFF, and diode D2 is ON. In this mode, the inductor current is not getting instantaneous value. Because, it is keep charging by the freewheeling
diode D2. The input voltage is higher than the voltage, and the transistor is neglected.
LV bus voltage,

3) Inductor and capacitor selection of buck and boost converter

The selection of inductor is the major design aspect in the high power range converter. It is also the crucial role in the operation of a converter. A
high power inductor should be more size and weight, and it may be the single heaviest component in the full converter section. The value of the
inductor is preferred to make a reduction in the size. DCM/CCM boundary condition is simple criterion during the full load current operation.
Inductor current is low in the other load conditions during DCM operation.
63. K. Vijay and A. Geetha,. FUZZY LOGIC BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR HYBRID
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences;
Pages: 59-67

III. DCM CURRENT WAVEFORM

Equations for conversion of inductor current in DCM mode

Fig.7 DCM current waveform

To ensure the operation of the converter by the minimum inductance value in CCM is called as the critical inductance value. Inductance value
for the buck/boost converter is dependent on duty cycle in steady state period, load resistance and switching period.
The value of inductor in the converter should be less than of,
2
Vi Vi
= min[ ,( )]
V

Output and input capacitor values from the capacitor voltage ripple,
Iri
C =
8
D
Ci =

Where, Voripple is input ripple voltage, 1/Fs is switching time, R1 is load resistance, P is the maximum rating of power.

IV. RESULT AND ANALYSIS

The simulation result was introduced in this section with fuzzy logic and other benchmark rule-based FEMSs. The results from this experiment
are used to estimate the model of simulation and the proposed fuzzy logic system effectiveness.

Fig.8.a Battery power

64. K. Vijay and A. Geetha,. FUZZY LOGIC BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR HYBRID
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences;
Pages: 59-67

Fig.8.b Battery current

Fig.8.c required power

Fig.8.d Battery State of Charge

Fig.8.e Battery voltage

These are the outputs of battery alone operated electric vehicle. Energy storage units are each battery cell and ultra capacitor cells with certain
simulations and also having different in their behaviors of dynamics.
65. K. Vijay and A. Geetha,. FUZZY LOGIC BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR HYBRID
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences;
Pages: 59-67

Fig.9.a Battery current

Fig.9.b Battery power

Fig.9.c Battery State Of Charge

Fig.9.d Battery voltage

66. K. Vijay and A. Geetha,. FUZZY LOGIC BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR HYBRID
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences;
Pages: 59-67

Fig.9.e UC current

Fig.9.f UC Power

Fig.9.g UC Voltage

Fig.9.h UC State Of Charge

These are the outputs of battery alone operated electric vehicle. The nominal value is also slightly different behaviors, and also interactions
between different components are better. In this paper the multi-agent based simulation tool is used. Several FEMSs are proposed to verify the
fuzzy logic from the references. The limited tolerance method for battery/UC FEMS. To achieve battery stress reduction and EV range extension
of the UC/batteries are used in the system. The conventional control thermostat method originally applied for HEVS. The control method of
Average Load Demand (ALD) sets the constant battery current for the entire driving process. Also, ensures terminal voltage and initial voltage
are same for the UC pack. This method gives the best performance, so it is considered to be best FEMS method. The congested city driving is
represented, and repeated for four times for the long test. For both switches, the PWM technique is used for the control pulse. If SOC is less than
or equal to 30%, then the battery is getting charged by the charging mode. If higher than or equal to 80% of the state of charge, the discharging
mode will be conducted for battery. Bi-directional converter delivers the boosted battery voltage.

V. CONCLUSION
This paper represents the energy management strategy for a hybrid energy storage system. Battery and UC are combined together in a parallel
active topology because they have complementary characteristics. Fuzzy logic based EMS is developed to split the power requirement between
battery and ultra capacitor. System efficiency, battery current variation, and UC SOC difference are taken as the criteria for EMS evaluation.
Simulation results show that the proposed FEMS leads to better comprehensive control performances than other benchmark EMSs while it does
not need the driving cycle information in advance. Experimental results confirm the simulation model and show that the FEMS is sensitive to
system states so simulation and experiment provide different but similar control outputs. Even with the slight difference, it still presents good
control performance in all three comparison criteria.
67. K. Vijay and A. Geetha,. FUZZY LOGIC BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR HYBRID
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences;
Pages: 59-67

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