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1. Uvod ............................................................................................................. 2
2. Istorija raskrsnica sa krunim tokom ... 3
3. Raskrsnice sa krunim tokom saobraaja .4
3.1. Ponaanje vozaa u krunom toku..5
4. Tipovi savremenih raskrsnica sa krunim tokom ......................................... 6
5. Osnovne karakteristike raskrsnica sa krunim tokom.................................. 8
5.1. Prednosti raskrsnica sa krunim tokom...................................................... 8
5.2. Nedostaci savremenih raskrsnica sa krunim tokom................................ 10
5.3. Problemi pri ukljuivanju na raskrsnicu sa krunim tokom saobraaja....10
6. Primjena savremenih raskrsnica sa krunim tokom.....................................11
7. Geometrija savremenih raskrsnica sa krunim tokom.12
7.1. Elementi savremenih raskrsnica sa krunim tokom..........................12
7.2. Geometrijske veliine savremenih raskrsnica sa krunim tokom ....13
8. Proces planiranja savremenih raskrsnica sa krunim tokom ...13
8.1. Odnos raskrsnice sa krunim tokom i postojee mree ........................... 14
8.2. Broj saobraajnih traka............................................................................. 15
8.3. Vrednovanje projektnog rjeenja ..............................................................15
9. Bezbijednost raskrsnica sa krunim tokom ..................................................15
10. Zakljuak.................................................................................................... 18
11. Literatura.................................................................................................... 19
1. INTRODUCTION
Figure 3 shows the traffic lane you should take before operating the vehicle in
the traffic roundabout with more traffic lanes, in order to effect disconnection of
the roundabout on the particular output leg.
At each input leg of the circuit sets the sign commitments roundabout and the
most common sign of hitting upon a priority road.
If the input arm of the roundabout set sign hitting upon a priority road, it is the
command of the driver, which includes vehicles in the roundabout to give
preference of passing vehicles already in the roundabout.
If the entrance arm of the roundabout there is a sign of hitting upon a priority
road apply the usual rules of traffic as well as on any other crossroads, which is
not regulated by traffic lights or signs of traffic cop (the rule is right).
The driver that his vehicle enters the roundabout must reduce speed, and if
necessary, to stop and to phase switching performed without causing danger or
disturbance to other drivers.
When turning vehicles in the roundabout driver has no obligation to include turn
signal - turn signal.
3.1. Ponaanje vozaa u krunom toku
Slika 3. prikazuje koju saobraajnu traku treba zauzeti prije ukljuenja vozilom
u kruni tok saobraaja sa vie saobraajnih traka, da bi se izvrilo iskljuenje iz
krunog toka na odreenom izlaznom kraku.
Na svakom ulaznom kraku u kruni tok postavlja se znak obaveze kruni tok
saobraaja i najee znak nailazak na put sa prvenstvom prolaza.
Ako je na ulaznom kraku u kruni tok postavljen znak nailazak na put sa
prvenstvom prolaza, to predstavlja naredbu vozau, koji se ukljuuje vozilom u
kruni tok, da ustupi prvenstvo prolaza vozilima koja se ve nalaze u krunom
toku.
Ako na ulaznom kraku u kruni tok ne postoji znak nailazak na put sa
prvenstvom prolaza vae uobiajena pravila saobraaja kao i na svakoj drugoj
raskrsnici, koja nije regulisana semaforom ili znacima saobraajca (vai pravilo
desne strane).
Voza koji svojim vozilom ulazi u kruni tok mora da smanji brzinu kretanja, a
po potrebi i da se zaustavi i da fazu ukljuivanja izvede bez izazivanja opasnosti
ili smetnji drugim vozaima.
Prilikom ukljuivanja vozila u kruni tok voza nema obavezu ukljuivanja
pokazivaa pravca - migavca.
4. TYPES OF MODERN roundabout
Fig. Fifth loops the roundabout (with two and one bridge)
Petlje sa krunim tokom moemo podijeliti na dva tipa.
Prvi je sa krunim tokom velikog prenika centralno postavljen iznad ili ispod
autoputa. Ovaj tip zahtijeva dva mosta (u trupu autoputa ili preko autoputa).
Obzirom na veliki prenik krunog toka koji zahtijeva geometrija ovakve petlje,
potrebno je procijeniti da li su brzine koje se time omoguavaju prihvatljive.
Drugi tip predstavlja petlju sa jednim objektom iznad ili ispod autoputa i sa dva
kruna toka sa svake strane. Ovaj tip petlji se esto preporuuje kao zamjena za
petlje tipa ,,dijamant (,,romb).
There are three main differences between modern roundabouts and classic
circular traffic flow:
In terms of security:
They have a small number of conflict points compared to conventional
intersections.
Less velocity caused by the geometry of the intersection reduces the
number of incidents (accidents).
In terms of capacity:
,, Triangle "instead of a sign ,, Stop" causes less space between vehicles.
When looking at only one intersection, a modern roundabout give greater
capacity of signalized intersections.
In terms of waiting times:
In general, waiting at roundabouts is less than the equivalent
(corresponding) controlled intersections.
During the red and yellow lights at signalized intersections, there is an
unnecessary waiting time regardless of free space for passing through the
intersection.
In terms of cost:
In general, require less width of roads.
Maintenance costs signalized intersections are greater than the
roundabout.
costs due to traffic accidents are lower due to the lower number and
severity of accidents.
In regard to the movement of pedestrians and cyclists:
Dividing Ostrava increase the safety of pedestrians.
Less speed on modern roundabouts should increase safety of cyclists.
In terms of environmental protection:
roundabout reduce fuel consumption relative to the signalized
intersection, due to the reduction of sudden acceleration and braking time
and lower level of environmental pollution.
roundabout also reduces the noise level in relation to the signalized
intersection.
5. OSNOVNE KARAKTERISTIKE RASKRSNICA SA KRUNIM TOKOM
U pogledu sigurnosti:
Imaju manji broj konfliktnih taaka u poreenju sa klasinim
raskrsnicama.
Manje brzine uslovljene geometrijom raskrsnica smanjuje broj incidenata
(nezgoda).
U pogledu kapaciteta:
,,Trougao umesto znaka ,,Stop uzrokuje manje razmake izmeu vozila.
Kada se posmatra samo jedna raskrsnica, savremene raskrsnice sa
krunim tokom daju vei kapacitet od signalisanih raskrsnica.
U pogledu vremena ekanja:
Generalno, ekanje kod raskrsnica sa krunim tokom je manje nego kod
ekvivalentnih (odgovarajuih) signalisanih raskrsnica.
Za vrijeme crvenog i utog svetla kod signalisanih raskrsnica, javlja se
nepotrebno vrijeme ekanja bez obzira na slobodni prostor za prolazak
kroz raskrsnicu.
U pogledu kotanja:
Generalno, zahtevaju manje irine saobraajnica.
Trokovi odravanja signalisanih raskrsnica su vei nego raskrsnicama sa
krunim tokom.
Trokovi usled saobraajnih nezgoda su manji zbog manjeg broja i teine
nezgoda.
U pogledu kretanja peaka i biciklista:
Razdjelna ostrava poveavaju bezbijednost pjeaka.
Manje brzine na savremenim raskrsnicama sa krunim tokom trebalo bi
da poveaju bezbijednost biciklista.
U pogledu zatite ovekove sredine:
Raskrsnice sa krunim tokom smanjuju potronju goriva u odnosu na
signalisane raskrsnice, usled smanjenja naglog ubrzavanja i koenja time
i manji nivo zagaenja ivotne sredine.
Raskrsnice sa krunim tokom takoer smanjuju i nivo buke u odnosu na
signalisane raskrsnice.
5.2. Disadvantages of modern roundabouts
In terms of security:
staff's lack of drivers on the roundabout, can initially cause an increase in
Braille accidents.
In terms of capacity:
The use of coordinated light signals at a number of intersections can
generally increase network capacity.
signalized intersections can be a better solution when intersection
occasionally has a higher traffic than projected.
In terms of waiting times:
driver can disturb the lost time caused by yaw when passing through the
intersection.
In terms of cost:
The cost of construction can be higher in roundabouts.
In some locations roundabout may require increased lighting, which
increases the cost of the operation.
In regard to the movement of pedestrians and cyclists:
Small size of roundabouts can cause a sense of discomfort with cyclists.
roundabout require a longer path of movement of pedestrians and
cyclists.
roundabout can increase the waiting time for pedestrians looking for
suitable space to move.
U pogledu sigurnosti:
Nenaviknutost vozaa na raskrsnice sa krunim tokom, moe u poetku
uzrokovati poveanje braja nezgoda.
U pogledu kapaciteta:
Primjena koordinisane svetlosne signalizacije na nizu raskrsnica moe
generalno poveati kapacitet mree.
Signalisana raskrsnica moe biti bolje rjeenje kada raskrsnica
povremeno ima vei saobraaj od projektovanog.
U pogledu vremena ekanja:
Vozaima moe smetati izgubljeno vrijeme uzrokovano skretanjem sa
pravca tokom prolaska kroz raskrsnicu.
U pogledu kotanja:
Trokovi graenja mogu biti vei kod raskrsnica sa krunim tokom.
Na nekim lokacijama raskrsnice sa krunim tokom mogu zahtijevati
poveano osvetljenje, to poveava cijenu kotanja i eksploatacije.
U pogledu kretanja peaka i biciklista:
Male dimenzije raskrsnica sa krunim tokom mogu uzrokovati osjeaj
neprijatnosti kod biciklista.
Raskrsnice sa krunim tokom zahtevaju due putanje kretanja peaka i
biciklista.
Raskrsnice sa krunim tokom mogu poveati vrijeme ekanja pjeaka
traei pogodan razmak za prelazak.
Desirable situation for the application of modern roundabouts are the following:
Undesirable situations for the use of modern roundabouts are the following:
the exterior circle diameter is the main parameter that defines the size of
the modern roundabout.
Width roundabout defines the width of the carriageway, which takes
place in a traffic roundabout.
Approach width represents the width of the carriageway on the approach
road before any changes caused by the geometry of the intersection itself.
Departure width represents the width of the carriageway at the exit from
the intersection after the changes caused by the geometry of the
intersection itself.
Input width defines the width of the entrance to the point where it meets
with external circuit.
Output width defines the width of the output at the point where it meets
with external circuit.
input radius is the minimum radius is applied to the outer edge of the
input.
Output radius is the minimum radius to the outer edge of the exit.
The relationship between the considered intersection and the existing road
network can be significant for a decision on the feasibility of the construction.
In this slmislu distinguish three cases:
The deliberations intersection will be part of the future newly-built
network. In this case, no particular location restrictions. Design
roundabout thing is the concept of the future network.
Discussed first is the intersections of the type of the area. In this case it is
necessary to consider the admissibility of roundabout, depending on its
operational capabilities, user needs, as well as the attitude of the public.
You must keep in mind that the successful introduction of the roundabout
(especially solving the problem that is introduced) to be an important
factor supporting future implementacijiovih objekata.Takoe be reckoned
with certain nenaviknutou driver. In this sense, the intersection with
one lane in the roundabout are far ,, understandable "for drivers than
those with more tape.
Reconstruction of the existing intersection and its restatement in a
roundabout in the area where there are already made crossroads of tipa.U
this case acceptability by the community is already provided, as well as
the familiarity of drivers, so that there are no major obstacles to the
introduction.
Faza 3. Odreivanje razloga za projektovanje raskrsnice sa krunim tokom.
Neki od razloga mogu biti: umirenje saobraaja, poveanje bezbijednosti
saobraaja, poboljanje funkcionalnih karakteristika raskrsnice (poveanje
kapaciteta, smanjenje vremena ekanja, smanjenje duine redova ekanja itd.),
geometrijski uslovi zbog kojih je neki drugi tip raskrsnice nepromenljiv. Svaki
od ovih razloga zahtijeva razliite informacije potrebne da bi se donela odluka o
opravdanosti izgradnje raskrsnice sa krunim tokom.
Faza 4. Analiza prilagoena odreenom razlogu uvoenja i uporeenja sa
alternativnim tipom raskrsnice.
Faza 5. Odreivanje prostornih zahtijeva i uporeenja sa prostornim
mogunostima.
Faza 6. Analiza ekonomske opravdanosti reenja (poreenje sa alternativnim
reenjima).
9. Security roundabout
Results of this study are consistent with studies conducted in other countries
Sl. 7. Konfliktne take kod ,,klasine i raskrsnice sa krunim tokom
From the foregoing, it can be concluded that modern roundabout have traits that
make them undoubtedly attractive for applications that are in our unjustly
neglected. Also taking into account their strengths and weaknesses, as well as
desirable and undesirable situations for their application, it is necessary before a
decision on the construction of carefully planned their introduction.
First of all it is necessary to consider the effects in terms of security, capacity,
occupancy, environmental impact and aesthetic impact to consider alternative
types of intersections (especially semaforizovanih), phones these effects it is
necessary to quantify and determine the application of some of the economic
metoda.Samo in this way we will be sure that the advantages of modern
roundabouts manifest in practice.
10. ZAKLJUAK