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Pass question3, P4- Describe how each factor positively or negatively affect
someones access to services.
Merit question 2 Using the case studies below, explore the factors that affect
access to services. Give examples from the case to show how that factor may affect
the individuals access to services.
Psychiatric Nurse:
Proximity to services Geographically, people who live in People who live in rural areas
the city are more likely to get find it a little bit challenging to
access to more services like GP, access service like people
Library, hospital, off licence shops who live in the city especially
etc. it more populated and more when they are not driving, the
advance in every day basic amenity GP surgery, local shops,
of life, so the population attends to library can be far from where
health and social care services is the individuals live. If you are
highly demanding unlike to the rural unwell and want to see the
areas, this is because the less GP and you are not driving it
amount of population the low is even harder, the bus
services they demand in regards of doesnt come every 5-8
receiving health and social care minute like the city in rural
services. area sometime it takes 20-
It is beneficial for a patient to live 30min for the bus to come to
near a GP surgery for example it the bus stops and if you have
enhance the patient services such to change like two buses
as even if the patient is unwell they before you get to the GP it
can just walk down because it only even becomes harder. If you
a 2minute walk, patient will not be have forgetting your
late, even if they had forgotten the appointment you dont get a
appointment even at the last minute chance to say let me rush to
they can still rush down to the GP the GP and see if I can be
surgery, if you become to unwell attended because by the time
and decided to call the ambulance you get there the surgery
because live in the city it can would have been close
sometimes take between 1-3mintue because is too far away. It
for it to arrive. does not benefit a patient in
most case not live near a GP
surgery If you become too
unwell and call the
ambulance, it will take longer
time because ambulances
are not much in rural areas
the distance from the
individuals house too is
another factor.
Transport links pass Transportation is very important to Transport link also have
life and health, it make everything negative impact the same
work fast for service users if there way it has its own positive
is link from one place or the other, it impact, it can be very
improve access to services easily, distressing when the
access to education, employment, transport linking 009 is not
fresh food, friends and family, connecting each other, when
leisure, and health services the transport planning is not
enhancement, all this can only adequate, it is inter relating
happen when there is good with each other it can be
facilitate by good public transport, frustrating. When there is
roads, footpaths and cycle ways accident it can lead to
that bring down journey times. it is someone be traumatise.
easy to get to work, get to social Also, because it involves the
activates, transport can improve linkings of multuple shorter
access to health-improving life roads, using these links might
opportunities such as education, actually make a person's
fresh food and health care. movement slower, and the
A good transport link can provide or journey longer.
increase routine outlet for physical The linked roads will probably
activity, good transport planning have fewer lanes for vehicles,
can reduce the way you use cars or and because there will be
bus and increase on your walking more users if the roads on
and cycling which can increase bicycles, tricycles, wheels
physical activity levels. It is also and foot, speed limit will be
easy and fast for ambulance to turn quite slow (around 30km/hr)
up in a service users house when
there is a lot of road connecting
each other.
People who walk or cycle on the
street can also make the street
another form of socialise because
they will be meeting people on the
street and be interacting with them,
and they can start building up a real
good friendship from there.
Naomi.
Samuel.
Education has a strong
influence on access to health From the case of Samuel;
care services, Looking at the at 35 years of age he is a
case of Naomi who works in builder - a self-employed
London as a financial manager. builder. This suggests that
As a financial manager, to he probably has a low
have attained such position in level education, or non.
a city like London suggests Certainly, he does not
that Naomi has a good have Naomi's kind of job
educational qualification. A which could cover his
diagnosis reveals that she has medical and domestic
breast cancer, and not long expenses while he
she is already prepared to go receives treatment for the
for a proper treatment. next three weeks, at
least.
Naomi would probably be
sourcing for funds to undergo a Also, his wife is probably
treatment at this time if she not educated, because
had no job. Sourcing for fund with Samuel's low profile
may take a longer time to job it is only imperative
achieve, and within that period that his wife gets a job to
the cancer may spread, support the family, if she
leading to a more severe and is employable.
life threatening situation.
Health awareness and In some regions of the world, A poor lifestyle can
lifestyle choices like Africa, HIV/AIDS kills usually arise from lack of
people more than any other proper health care
diseases. This is so, because awareness.
the major means of
Poor lifestyle will always
transmitting the virus is
result to one health issue
through sex.
or another - for example a
Sex is one activity which poor eating habit can
humans engage in very result in obesity; smoking
frequently and as such, the can result in a lung
chances of getting infected is cancer; unprotected sex
quite high. can lead to infection of
Merit.
STD, etc - all poor
Awareness of this culprit will
lifestyles.
help tremendously in accessing
good health. Health care People like to consume
workers create this awareness food that are tasty, they
by sensitizing people on such do not care what it
disease, and how to prevent contains. Many times we
infection. consume food that
contain lots of additives
A healthy lifestyle will also
and preservatives simply
reduce, or eliminate the
because they taste good,
chances of getting infected:
people consume
like having protected sexual
unknowingly substances,
intercourse or total abstinence,
and do not control their
not sharing sharp objects, etc.
excessive sugar intakes,
Physically enough rest and
which could be harmful to
sleep, minimize stress and
health.
anxiety, maintaining work-play
balance, and regular exercise
are also lifestyles which
enhance health. Above all,
being interested in health
information and articles will
create plenty health awareness Joaquin
and improve lifestyle.
Joaquin quits his job after
he noticed he is not so
well mentally. I believe
Joaquin lacks health
awareness, because he
Naomi.
had started hearing
Apart from the fact that voices in his head before
Naomi's level of education he would seek medical
3: Equality and Diversity When equality is not
Basically when there is a huge promoted effectively women
number of patients seeking especially tend to suffer it
most. This creates even
healthcare at the same time, from
bigger problems and may
perhaps the same region everyone
cause women to loose self-
can't possibly be attended to. In confidence approaching a
such a situation there has to be a health centres. They keep
way out - usually a formula for not ailments to their selves until
discriminating. things gets out of hand. This
is common among the rural
By equality and diversity we mean communities.
Merit Diversity, similar to equality
ensuring every person in a system
but has to do with factors like
has equal opportunities, and
culture and values. This one
appreciating the differences in can even get more sensitive,
different people. This also implies as people can avoid you
that regardless of their abilities, totally if they notice you do
their background or their lifestyle not share their values.
values, beliefs and culture must be
treated with respect. Naomi
Healthcare must focus strictly
When persons are accepted like on such issues that concerns
this, no one will avoid visiting any health. The beliefs and views
healthcare Centre, for fear of of patients should never
rejection or being undignified. interfere with the healthcare
business.
Professional health workers
Giselle
where Naomi goes to for
treatments do not interfere
Giselle's case says a lot about
with her sexuality so this
equality. She has all the disabilities
makes it possible for her wife
working against her - she cannot Tracey to attend
work, she cannot wash her clothes appointments with her.
or bath her self. It seems the only If she got the slightest hint
things she is capable of doing is eat that the healthcare
professional finds her
and move around, to see an
sexuality strange, she would
healthcare provider.
never use such facilities. Or if
she does however, then she
But evidently she is being treated
will not get the best of it.
with equality regardless her While on ger cancer
condition. She is an active member treatment, Tracey might be
of a travel group - she has traveled the only family she has to visit
her in th hospital and
four times in two years and they inequality will pose a problem
presently live together. She has a in this stance.
local doctor who takes care of her
case. All of these make her feel
good being human, and worry less
about her disabilities.
Cultural and religions To access the best healthcare Cultural and religious beliefs
service a close interaction are not always on the same
between the patient and the side with medical practices,
healthcare professional is key. yet patients want their beliefs
There has to be a kind of respected.
personal relationship playing This can create bottlenecks
out between them, so that the for the patients many of the
patient should be able to speak times. For instance a religious
with ease and openness. patient would get confused
which to attend of a medical
A healthcare provider who appointment or a church
understands the patient's meeting. A patient looking for
Merit
values and beliefs will achieve cure from local herbs when
more from the interactions, he or she is supposed to take
even in a short period of time. a medical diagnosis to find
An improvement in cultural out what the problem is and
diversity has a huge positive get it treated.
effect on healthcare, both in Cultural and religious beliefs
short and long terms. are mostly setbacks to
medical treatments.
A healthcare provider who
understands more than one Joaquin.
language, including that of
It is established that
minority group is an added
religious diversity should
value.
be considered in
healthcare provision.
However in some cases,
such as Joaquin's - it may
Joaquin. become undesirable.
The case of Joaquin states that Joaquin had started
he had moved to London from hearing voices in his head
Mexico - another country which suggest severity in
entirely which is expected to his ailment. Within the
have different cultural values grace of one week given
and language from what is because religious
obtainable in London. reservations his health
might have got worse. In
Usually a G,P is expected to
this regard, observing
recommend a stay in the
patient's religion is not
hospital for him, for urgent
being helpful.
treatment, but he was given
another one week grace to
watch for improvements. In the
real sense, this allowed so that
Joaquin can still attend his
church for bible studies. Then
when it is deemed that he
must be admitted, he would
understand that considerations
have been given his belief
already, and this time urgent
attention must be paid to his
health.
Giselle
Sometimes rules have
Samuel. exceptions which occurs in a
very painful way.
In Samuel's case here, his Giselle is a young woman
income is obviously not who is obviously not a victim
enough to cater for the needs of molestation, or gender
of his family, but his wife do inequality. Yet she has a
not work still. Perhaps as difficulty in learning, and also
Jewish he has belief that the suffers from Cerebral Palsy.
role of women, his wife should Even though she must be
be to take care of the home. treated fairly and equally with
Gender equality could have everyone, she still requires
played it out that the woman special attentions and
too be out there working to treatments. She has a major
support the husband. That disability so she cannot work,
way, cost of healthcare would she bath her self or wash her
not have so much effect on the dress. In her case, call for
home. gender equality has no effect,
no special positive advantage
Samuel's wife could have been to healthcare access.
able to help out in domestic
expenses like feeding the kids
and their selves, while Samuel
uses his own income to solve
more pressing issues like rents
and healthcare. That way there
would have been a cushioned
effect, for the loss of income
during treatments.
5: Financial factors Finance is one of the most Barriers to health care can be
important factors which affect terrible for persons with
access to quality healthcare income which are low.
services. With a steady finance, Finance is the number one
one can access any type of factor that leads to healthcare
healthcare services and insurance. disparities in the whole world.
It will not matter where one resides Sometimes the healthcare
or how far it is from health care services required by some
providers. medical conditions may be
With finance, no place is too far, no too expensive for what the
drug is too expensive, and feeding patients can afford, thereby
will not be a problem. It is also going for a cheaper service
important that issues of which may not be solutions to
emergencies can be handled the main health issue.
Merit properly when there is finance Lack of finances to pay for
readily available. People living in healthcare services may also
the city will have cars to drive present a patient from
around not only to a nearby health seeking medical help when
facility, but to one of choice where necessary, which may lead to
the best services can be accessed. complications before getting
necessary medical attentions
- this is a major causes of
death from sickness for poor
people.
Naomi Well done on point !
Samuel
Naomi will be able to avert a Samuel obviously has
high risk involved with the financial issues. While he is
spreading of cancer because at the hospital for treatments,
she has the financial strength he gets no income. He will
to handle the situations in its still have to live this way for
early stage. If she had financial the next 3weeks after he is
challenges it would have been out from the hospital. His
a totally different story. family suffers from
inadequate feeding and other
Apart from the breast cancer things which require finances.
diagnosis, Naomi also has a The healthcare professional
hearing impairment, which she also told him that after
is able to afford a hearing aid. treatments he would still
Perhaps without the hearing spend more days resting at
aid, communication with her home to gain recovery. Lack
will pose some issues both at of finance is an issue Samuel
work and at the hospital. and his family are going to
experiencs terribly.
Finance has positive effect on
the access to healthcar
Samuel
Joaquin Samuel, from the first day has
Joaquin, again was suppose to be to be admitted to stay in the
admitted to staybin the hospital for hospital for his treatments
his treatments but the G.P gave because of the nature of his
him initial one week to take his case - he sustained three
prescriptions from home. This fractures, and perhaps will
gesture or consideration for not be able to walk on his
whatever reason will have reduced own.
his cost of healthcare service The cost of hospital service
drastically. will have a strong effect on
He does not have to stay in the him and his family - it will land
hospital and accumulate bills for his household in debt.
that one week, and since he will be He is not even receiving any
taking his prescriptions from home income from his work, apart
he also will not have to spend on from a statutory sick pay
transport to the health centre. entitlement which is even
This is another possibility why the much less than he gets from
physician gave him this ine week: his business.
to reduce healthcare cost for him. If his original income were
enough he would probably
have an extra savings. So
that a much less statutory pay
will not do much for the family
, because the healthcare cost
will take most of it.
Loss of income due to What is meant by loss of income When it happens that there is
receiving treatments due to treatments is not difficult to increase in cost of healthcare
understand. What is, is how a loss it puts pressure on other
of income can ever have a positive areas of ones life. Feedings
effect on healthcare. Personally i especially is usually
think it just pre informs you there is patronized with reduction.
a situation as such. So that before This may later result to mal-
it happens, you might or would nutrition.
have made some savings available
specifically for healthcare, or try to
put a healthcare insurance in place.
This may happen in any of two
Merit
different situations :
1. Outright loss of a job which
results to zero income, at a time
when a person is seeking Samuel
healthcare services. This case states that Samuel
2. Increase in cost of healthcare has no other sources of
services while income remains at income while he is taking
the same level. treatments. His family can not
find this easy, and it is not
Samuel even good for his health too.
In the case of Samuel, he
The thoughts of not being
understands his kind of job. He
able to provide for your
knows that if he doesnt work, he
family, or knowing that they
gets no income from any source,
are starving is harmful to
but he still kept his wife at home as
someone who is taking
a full wife, perhaps for reasons of
medical treatments. This can
religion or culture. But if he had
even be depressing too,
really listened for what a possibility
which may lead to other
of 'loss of income during treatment' health complications.
was saying all along he would have
done things differently. Lesson here
is that one stream of income can be
risky, so that one has to include
plans of getting medical insurance
or get other sources of generating
income to enable savings for
unplanned healthcare
requirements.
Case Studies
Giselle is 23 years old and has Cerebral Palsy and a mild learning
difficulty. She uses an electric wheelchair to get around independently, but
she needs assistance to wash and dress. Giselle needs ongoing treatment
for a heart murmur and sees a Consultant at her local hospital. Giselle is
a member of a Traveller community, who have moved 4 times in the last 2
years. They have currently settled in a site on the outskirts of Croydon.
Because of her disability, Giselle is unable to work and is in receipt of
benefits. Giselle is obese and her diet is poor.
Naomi is 45 and works in the City of London as a Financial Manager.
She has recently been diagnosed with Breast Cancer and is about to
undergo a course of treatment. Naomi has a hearing impaired and wears
a hearing aid. Naomi has been married to her wife Tracey for the past 3
years. Tracey plans to attend all of Naomis appointments with her, to
offer support. Naomi and Tracey live in Catford.
Joaquin is 61 and moved to London from Mexico 3 years ago and lives in
Brockley with his daughter and son-in-law. Joaquin is experiencing
mental health problems and has started hearing voices and seeing things
crawling on his skin. He attended his G.P last week, who has prescribed
him medication, but has said that if there is no improvement, then he will
recommend a stay in hospital. Joaquin was working as a teacher until last
summer, but gave it up when he started to feel too anxious and unwell.
Joaquin is a devout Christian and it is important for him to attend church
and to read his Bible daily.