INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1760-1850)

1. Marks a tradition of the agrarian society into an industrial one.

2. It completely changed manufacturing methods, livelihoods and availability of products for

consumption.

3. The first country to industrialize was United Kingdom during the Industrial Revolution.

4. This is not an event, but a process which saw the world turn into a industrial centre with
Britain as its workshop.

NATURE OF CHANGE BROUGHT UPON BY INDUSTIAL REVOLUTION:

1. It encouraged new technology like textile manufacture, iron, printing, paper-making,
steam engine engineering etc.

2. New materials sources of energy are explored.

3. Devaluation of people started to happen because machines enabled easier mechanical

works in factories and started to replace labour.

4. New transportation systems were developed.

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRILIZATION:
1. Significant growth in population and economic sectors.

2. Standards of living improved.

3. Class system developed with definitive class consciousness.

4. Women and children role increased as unskilled obedient labour who could be paid less.

IMPACT ON ARCHITECTURE:
1. Impact was clearly seen on the Industrial landscape and evolution of modern architecture
and town planning.

2. The growth of heavy industry brought a flood of new building materials such as cast
iron, steel and glass with which architects and engineers devised structures which were
radically new in function, size and form.

3. In the second half of 19th century, dislocations brought about by the Industrial Revolution
became overwhelming. New urban districts were formed with workers housing.

4. For the new modes of transportation, canals, tunnels, bridges, and railroad stations,
architects were employed to provide a cultural veneer.
CAST IRON AND STEEL:
1. Buildings were made fireproof, especially mills.

2. High Densities in towns emphasized for the need to rise vertically.

3. Colonial settlements, mining towns, industrial estates and post-world war- I cities
demanded quick and cheap construction and creation of rising and working spaces.

4. Glass is used as a skin to create transparency, light and enhance space.

5. Creation of large internal spaces was possible because glass usage facilated daylighting.

6. Buildings and other structures were built like cast iron bridges, cantilever bridges, metal-
framed glass curtain- wall, sky scrapers, green house, crystal palace, iron lattice tower,
arched towers etc.

In 1824, Joseph Ardin invented modern cement.

- In early 1850, Jean Louise Lambot constructed row boats with cement reinforced with iron
bars and mesh.

- Other buildings and structures with RCC were also built.