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Wettability
Interfacial tension
Rock compressibility
Rock Properties
There are four key rock properties we will be
interested in porosity, permeability and
compressibility.
Porosity () measures the fraction of the total rock
volume that is void space.
Permeability (k) measures the ability of fluid to flow
through the rock. SI unit m2, field unit md.
Saturation (S) measure fraction of the pore space is
filled with oil, water or gas in terms of phase saturation
Compressibility (cf) measures the change in the volume
of the rock per unit change in pressure. SI unit Pa-1,
field unit psi-1
Wettability, Interfacial tension
Capillary pressure
Relative permeability
3. Saturation
Saturation is defined as that fraction, or percent,
of a volume of a fluid phase (oil, gas, or water) in a
given reservoir rock sample to the pore volume.
Vw
(WW DW) =
2. Indirect method
Well logging technique / X-ray CT scanning technique etc.
3. Saturation
3. Saturation
Three special type of fluid saturation associated with
gas oil and water phases.
1. Critical gas saturation Sgc
Gas remains immobile or is trapped until its
saturation exceeds a certain saturation value
Sg = 0 Sg > 0
(PR > Pb) (PR < Pb)
Sg = Sgc
Sg increasing
(PR < Pb) (PR < Pb)
(Continuous gas)
3. Saturation
2. Residual oil saturation Sor
3. Saturation
3. Irreducible water saturation Swi
Schematic Reservoir Grain Size vs. Water Saturation
Shale (Magnified)
Water Saturation
Initial (complete pore volume) Irreducible (rims only)
3. Saturation
3. Saturation
Soi Swi