Genus Saccharomyces Meyen ex Ress

Diagnosis of the genus (Yarrow 1984a)

Vegetative reproduction is by multilateral budding. Cells are globose, ellipsoidal or cylindrical. Pseudohyphae may
be formed but not septate hyphae. The vegetative phase is predominantly diploid (or of higher ploidy), conjugation
occurs on or soon after germination of the ascospores; diploid ascospores may be formed. Ascospores are globose to
short ellipsoidal, with a smooth wall and usually one to four per ascus. Asci are persistent.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen (1883)

Growth in 5% malt extract: After 3 days at 25C, the cells are globose, ovoidal or elongated, (3.0--8.0)x(5.0--
10.0) m, and are usually isolated or in small groups. After one month at 20C, a sediment is present.

Growth on 5% malt extract: After one month in 20C, growth is butyrous and light cream-colored. The surface is
smooth, usually flat, occasionally raised or folded and opaque.

Formation of ascospores: Vegetative cells are transformed directly into persistent asci containing one to four
globose to short ellipsoidal ascospores. Ascospore formation, observed almost exclusively on acetate agar, was
usually below 10% except in highly fertile homothallic strains where sporulation ranged from 40--95% in 6--10 days
at 20C.

[Kurtzman & Fell 1998: 358--362].

Genus Geotrichum Link:Fries

Diagnosis of the genus

Colonies are white, farinose or hairy, usually dry, and consist of true hyphae which disarticulate into rectangular
arthroconidia. Aditionally, mostly sympodially produced conidia may be present. Budding is absent.
Chlamydospores and endoconidia may be present. Septa have microspore.

Geotrichum candidum Link:Fries (1832)

Growth on 4% malt extract/0.5% yeast extract agar: After 10 days at 20-22C,
colonies are 50-80 mm in diameter, white, flat, dry, and powdery to finely hairy. Odor is
insignificant or fruity. Expanding hyphae are parallel, often with dichotomous branching; the
main branches are 7-12 m wide, with firm walls, and lateral branches are 2.5--4.0 m wide,
with early disarticulation into cubic arthroconidia. Arthroconidia are hyaline and slightly
inflating to (5-6)x(5-17) m.

Formation of ascospores: Gametangia are formed laterally on densely septate parts of

fertile hyphae which arise after mating; gametangia are located on opposite sides of the
septa. Asci are subspherical, (7-10)x(6-9) m, and contain one ascospore. Ascospores are
broadly ellipsoidal, (6-9) x (7-10) m, pale golden-brown, with an echinulate inner wall and
an irregular exosporium, often with a hyaline equatorial furrow. The species is heterothallic.

[Kurtzmann & Fell 1998: 210--211 & 574]

[Samson dkk. 2004]
[Kirk dkk. 2001: 480]
[Kirk dkk. 2001: 481]
Reproduksi Aseksual dan Seksual pada Khamir