54 2003 ASHRAE Applications Handbook (SI) ‘Table2 Hote Design Criteria™ Conditions Eee eee EEEEa Fitter Noise, Category _“Teuperaiure Relative Humidig” Tempore Relative Humilliy Ventintion Exhomet® _ Efficeney’ RC Level Gueatmons BwIC wis wwe Swim —_IswNLS Wwisls lowin hws periooa | perroom Lotbies BIC 35H OI — OHO Lapeer == ASMhordeter 35 AS Conference! 2010 2FC 5010 35% © MWC. Lis pur person aibordeter 251038 Meeting rooms Assombly rooms _201523°C 309 35% WIC __— AW HU_ALiepeepewon _—— BSH or beter _25 1095, hale uid sot wd abe cay sou degra Ta ncaa Ther ASHRAE Sunsand@ Ire seeder ASHRAF tan sandr peg ie ‘Digs crs atari denn poo ac n aon ane tapes + Individual and quick responding temperature contol + Draf-fie air diseibution + Toilet room exhaust + Ventilation (makeup) air supply + Humidity contro + Aecepable noise level ‘Simple controls Reliability ase of mainzenance Operating efficiency + Use of space Load Characteristis. The great diversity in th design, pur pose, and use of hotels and motes makes analysis and load studies very important. The fat that guestrooms have a transient occur pancy and the diversity associated with the operation ofthe sup- por fuelites provides an opporunity to take advantage of load ‘iveesiiction, ‘The envelope cooling and heating lad is dominant beesuse the guest rooms normally have exterior exposures. Other load sources suci.as peopl, lights, appliances, cc, are a relatively smal portion fof the space sensible and latent loads, The venation Toad ean rep- resent upto 15% ofthe total cooling loa. Because ofthe nature ofthe changing envelope sensible load and the transient occupancy ofthe gues zoom, large fluctuations inthe space sensible loadin a one-day eyele are common, The ventilation sensible cooling load ean vary from 0 t0 100% in a single day, 'waereas the ventilation Tatent load ean remain elsaoxt constant for {he entre day. A low sensible heat ato is common in moderate to very humid climates. Usually the HVAC equipment mast only han- dle part or low foads and peak loads rarely occur. For example, in humid climates, introducing untreated ouside air directly int the {guest room or ito the retum airplenum ofthe HVAC unit operating part or low load creates a revere high-humiaity problem, Which it fone ofthe causes of mold and mildew. The situation ie farler aggre vated when the HVAC unit operates in on-off eyele during pat- oF Tow-lead conditions, Applicable Systems. Most hotels use all-water or unitary reftige crant-ased equipment for gues ooms. AlTewater systems include + Two-pipe fan els + Two-pipe fan col with electri heat + Pourspipe fan coits ‘Unitary eoigerantbased systems instude + Packaged terminal ie conditioner oF packaged terminal heat ump (wih electric het) + Air oa heat pump (a + Water-surce heat pump "her AStRaAE mind 3 With the exception ofthe two-pipe fan cil, all ofthese systems cool, heat, or dehumidify independently of any ether oom and reguiless of the season. A two-pipe fan coil system should be selected only when economics and design objectives dictate a cam- promise to performance, Selection ofa particular system should be based on + First cost + Reonomical operation, especially at pat load + Maimainability ‘Compared to unitary refigerant-basod units, all-watr systems offer the following advantages + Reduced total installed cooling capacity duc to load diversi + Lower operating cost due to more ecient central cooling plant + Lower noise level compared PTAC and water source hea pimp) + Longer service life + Less equipment be maintained inthe cupiod space + Less water in circulation (compared to watersource heat pap) + Soller pipes ané pumps (compared 1 water-surve heatpump) “The unitary eoigerant-based system on the other hand offer the following advantagos + Lawer fist cost + Immediate all yer availabilty of heating ad cooling + No seasonal changeover sequired + Cooling available withour operating a cena etigeration plant + Can wansfer energy from spaces boing cooled 10 spaces being ‘heated (with water-source heat pump) + Range of circulated water temperatare requires no pipe insulation (for watersouree heat pump) + Less dependence ona cental plant fr heating and cooling + Simplieity, which results in lower operating and maintenance Sall costs ‘The type of fcilty, sophistication, and quality desired by the ‘owmet’operator, as weil as possible code requirements typiclly influence the selection, An ecanomic analysis (if-cyete eos) is particulary important when selecting the most cost-effective sy8- ‘em, Chapter 4 has further information on economic analysis eeh- nigues. Computer software like the NIST Building Life-Cyele Cost Program (BLLCC) performs life-cycle cost analyses quickly and aceutately (NIST 1994), Shane. and Chapter $ of the ASHRAE Handbuok--1AC wlan and Equipment provide additional information about all= water systems and unitary reftigerant-ased systems, Room fan coils ad room unitary refrigerant-hased units are available im many configurations including horiaoatal, verical, ‘exposed, and concealed. The unit shoold be loested im the guest oom so that it provides excellent ait diffusion without erating “unpleasant drats. Airshould not discharge directly over the head of