Itcl31ivcs 10 Jamaican Creole English 35 1l.

Cr"""ves 10 Jatmucan Creole English

36

I' cipcip
coo Clio
'wood chips'
8 Appendix C The database 'fruit bearing vine'
cuo cuo
Iclig k1iO 'bird Quiscalus niger'
The Jamaican Creole words which constitute the empirical basis for Ihis study were taken from kaan kaan 'corn hominy'
various sources, bUI most all of these words are lisled in Cassidy and Le Page 1980, lbl: kra kra 'nervous and clumsy'
kraa kraa
Dictionary ofJamajcan EOLllish (DJE). DJE is itself a SOft of merging of a great variety of krae krac 'skin rash'
textsmoging everywhere from field work done by trained linguists to very old catalogues of krai krai 'peevish, weeping'
kri kri 'squeaky'
exotic plamsand therefore references are given for individual enmes. If the word given in the dan dan 'nicely dressed'
following list is OOt given in DJE, then I indicate in the third column entitled "Source" the die dfe 'Good Day'
died/:
source where I found the word according to the following codes: LeP (Le Page), DeC dildil 'duckling'
(DeCamp), BLB (Bailey), Cas (Cassidy) din din 'undersized person'
dig dig 'tripe'
8.1 Word List dip dip 'kind of sauce'
duo duo 'bread'
(words without glosses are variant pronounciations for above word with gloss) dl1odo
drap drap 'boiled banana'
8.1.1 Bimoraic. mQ!losvilabic forms dok dole 'small fish'
dun dun 'pet name'
[iteralive Conn] 'meaning' Source fid fid 'small qwanities of food'
fes fes 'fussy'
bam bam 'buttocks' flaaflaa 'codfish frillers'
bern bern 'stomach' flaan flaan
bii bii 'herbaceous plant' flaa flaa 'watery'
bimbim 'sore leg' flai fla;
bit blt 'bit by bit' fla fla
blimblim 'tree Averrhoa bilimbi' fuul fuul 'foolish'
bluo bluo 'toy whistle' fuu fuw
buo buo 'pretty' fro fro 'matches, or fire'
buooo fro fro
bOn bon 'burnt food' fom fom 'flogging'
bout bout 'around and about' f6m fom
bwaai bwaai 'group of boys' fum fum
bni bra 'loud talking' fos fos 'the very first'
cf braba braba gyal gyal 'pet name for daughter'
brag brag 'small kindling wood' gan g1lJ:J 'grand mother, or old woman'
bram bram 'kindling wood' gag gaO
bran brag gao gag 'in a group or gang'
brem brem geg geg
bre bre 'many, much' gel gel 'duckling'
brikl brikl 'brittle, crumbly' jiljil 'by small quantities'
br6 bro 'brow' gra gra 'vaguely threathening'
bro bro 'disorderly, untidy' grigri
bruubrou gran grao 'bits of sticks'
broI broI 'small sticks' grin grin
bok bok 'trunk fish' grengren 'brick oven'
oor bOr 'burs' gro gro (parat) 'variety of parrot fish'
bomp bomp 'THE ITCH' huol huol 'many holes'
cat cat 'male gossip' ic ic 'dry rash'
eek cek , Vireo modeslUs' jag jag 'torn, ragged'
eimeim 'bird personage' jam jam 'kind of musical instrument'
IlCtalives in Jamaican Creote English 37 IlCntives in Jamaican Creole Engh:J1 38

jao jao 'small pieces of wood' pop pop 'to break out (skin)'
jen jen 'old work clothes' pol pot 'mud'
jell jeo pnlQpraQ 'brambles, small sticks'
c( jeoge jellge pran pran
jienjien Johnny cakes' JlI1Impram
jokjok 'to poke repeatedly' pra pra 'to pick up'
cfjoko joko pre: pre 'loss of control'
jegjeg 'ran ling noise' cf prek prek, pre prek
cf jege jege pro pro 'black ant'
jon jon '3 plant of genus HeterOirichum' pR-o pR-o (R is stressed)
jon jon 'a wild plant similar to Miconia species' pre: pre
kai kai 'to laugh, cackle' pumpum 'lump'
kee kee pumpum 'female genitals'
cf keta keta, keke keke pur pur 'entire, complete'
kil kil 'repeated acts of killing' pus pus 'children's game'
krac krac 'skin disease' pyaa pyaa 'weak, inferior'
krall kran 'dried yams' pyaam pyaa
krall kran 'basket to hang meat in' pyaa!J pyaag
kren kren kwikkwile 'small bird personage'
kreO kreO 'brambles' rag rag 'in rags'
kwii kwH 'squeeky' siid siid 'many small seeds'
kwa kwa 'cassava meal' skrac skrac 'dry rash'
kyaa kyaa 'old clothes' cfkrac krac
lik lik 'someone begging for food' Jam Jam 'scrapings'
lim lim 'stalky' JieJe 'lively, vigorous dance'
likllikl 'little by little' Ie Je
lob lob 'tree Alchornea latifolia' fai Jai
log log 'a stupid fool' JelJel 'bits of shells'
cf logo logo, logi logi sib sib 'cassava'
luk luk 'to keep looking for something' sof sof 'easily taken advantage of
lomp lomp 'cassava head' Jriffrif 'spirit'
mal maf 'smashed things' suor suor 'a collection of sores'
mal maf 'small change' swamp swamp 'muddy, swampy'
mekmek 'a quarrel' swii swii 'Jamaican Vireo'
mek mek 'fussy person' cfsiwi siwi
mek mek 'liquid mess' tam tam 'large firefly'
also male mak, mok mok DeC '51 tiiftiif 'to steal repeatedly'
mes mes 'wet and sloppy' tiO tiO 'name for TINKLING GRACKLE'
mus mus 'a mouse' ton ton 'turned cornmeal'
mus mus 'either com or cassava' traf traf 'trash'
nof nof 'plentiful' tuk tuk 'waler gourd'
nuo nUll 'right away' cftuku tuku
wan wan 'occasionally, sporadic' tum tum 'mashed food'
wan wan 'occasional, isolated' tom 10m 'small mullet'
pam pam 'river snail' tun tun 'pet name'
plam plam 'a quarrel' wap wap '10 flog'
pac pac 'old, ragged clothes' waam waam 'higher temperature than normal'
pek pele 'vigorously' waJ waf 'moist cassava head'
peg peg 'lumpy processes of vegetable' was was 'wasps'
rem pem 'plenty' wii wii 'very small, tiny'
pile pik 'to help oneself to things' wis wis 'bag made of grass'
pHn pHn 'simple, trivial' yeg yeg 'old useless things'
pim pim 'a spinner dumpling' cf yege yege, yaga yaga
pok pok 'soft wood, like cotton' yap yap 'to open your mouth, in hunger'
 herauves Ul Jamaican Creoic Enghsh 40

flcralivcs in lamaican Creole English 39

kulu kulu 'plentiful'
kulu kulu 'pure rum'
laba laba 'talkative person'
8,1.2 Bjmoraic disyllabic foons laba laba 'excessive amount'
lebe lebe
bala bula 'loud person' laba laba 'fat, thick set person'
bala bata 'to beat severly' lobo lobo
bebe bebe 'bigger than big' lege lege 'to heave a heavy load'
btaki blili 'sooty' legi legi
b6gro b6gro 'coarse' lege lege 'plenty, in abundance'
bugra bugra 'rugged' lege lege 'of mixed quality'
braba braba 'mistaken speech' 100 tiki 'being choosy about food'
bufro bufro 'clumsy, shout' liki liki 'someone begging for food'
bufu bufu 'clumsy, stupid' logo logo 'stupid fool'
bugo bugo 'rough and crusty' logi logi
kaba kaba 'large red ants' logo logo 'to drag with difficulty'
kara kara 'stony, rough terrain' cf lege lege, also laga
laga DeC '57
karo karo maka maka 'wet, sloppy mud'
koro koro maida makla 'bad tasting mixture'
kuku kuku mala mala 'boat'
cakacaka 'disorderly' maIa maIa 'smashing'
cokocoko 'back and forth sounds' mala mata 'nondistinct mailer'
cuka cuka 'not well done' meke meke 'liquid mess'
cuku cuku 'moving noise' also meki meki--jocular form DeC '57
klaba klaba 'sour milk' mese mese 'muddy'
kunu kunu 'timber tree' mini mini 'very small'
kubu kubu 'rum! moka moka 'muddy'
kota kota 'bored out calabash' mokomoko
koti koti 'much cut' naka naka 'to pull to pieces'
dege dege 'sole, single' naka naka 'disorderly, unsteady'
digi digi (out) 'worm eaten plants' cf nyaka nyaka
dlbidibi 'tree Caesalpinia corian'a' nuko nuko 'small things'
d6gi d6gi 'short and clumsy' nyaka nyaka 'disorderly, untidy'
fere fere 'loose ends, remnants' nyaka nyaka 'reduced to pieces'
faia faia 'quick tempered' nyeke nyeke
flaba fiaba 'worthless' nyaka nyaka 'muddy, sloppy'
freke freke 'shaky, unstable' nyaka nyaka 'trash'
gana gana 'old workcIothes' nyami nyami 'greedy'
grid griti 'covered with bumps' paiapaia 'one's only clothes'
guzu guzu ' ___ obeah man' paya paya
haka haka 'to cuI coarsely' paya pai
higa higa 'erratic, nervous person' p3.la p3.1a 'poorly, or half washed'
jagajaga 'unequal, or untidy' pana pana 'old ragged clothes'
jegejege 'kindling wood' para para 'depreciatory term'
jigi jigi 'small sticks' pasapasa 'to mash up'
jegejege 'rauling noise' pasapasa 'plenty'
jegjeg pere pere 'small things, of little value'
jokojoko 'to poke repeatedly' piki piki 'finiCky eater'
jukijuki 'perforated, punctured' peki peki 'greedy'
kaba kaba 'poorly done' peki peki 'picked to bits'
kaiakaia 'old work clothes' peke peke 'sloppy, wet'
keta keta 'giggling' plakaplaka 'muddy'
keta keta 'small' pyaka pyaka
keke keke 'to laugh' pyata py3!a
kolo kolo 'shiftless, unreliable'
krape krape 'scrapings'
Ucrauves m Jamaican LTCQIC tngllsh 41 hcralivcs 10 Jamaican CrCOic t:.nghsh

plokoploko Trimoraic disyllabic (oons

pyoko pyoko
poko poko cambacamba 'to mince up'
p6ta p6ta 'mud' daabidaabi 'dirtying'
p6to p6to fegki fegki 'puny, slight'
prici prici 'continual preaching' friedi friedi 'inclined to be fearful' BLB '66
priti priti 'preny, quite auractive' fegke feuke 'cowardly'
puko puko 'boiling over' freab freuka 'delicate'
raga raga 'old ragged dothes' hiUka hiOka 'loitering'
rege rege huoli huoH 'having countless holes' fiLB '66
raga raga 'to pull to pieces' jeUgejeOge 'old worrk clothes'
roka roka 'very rocky, stony' graOgi graOgi 'sticks, brushwood'
ruko ruko 'rough, uneven' jierijieri 'very small fish'
rugo rugo wiNji wiNji 'to shrink'
ruku ruku tain taiti 'thick. gummy'
roko roko taari taari 'sticky, like tar'
rogo rogo 'to handle roughly' buOgo bungo 'ugly, stupid'
rugo rugo pyaNji pyaNji
sagi sagi 'shaggy' niogi niggi 'bunch of small things'
saka saka 'to cut with a dull tool' moutimouti 'gossiper'
faki faki 'an earthquake' saaka sauka 'to cut with dull tool'
fedi fedi 'crumbling' meNjimeNji 'slender'
sipa sipa 'to mash up' miNja miNja
slaki slaki 'wet, sloppy' lompilompi 'noncohesive thing'
slaba slaba 'a slovenly, untidy person' IiOgaliOga 'to heave something very heavy'
siwisiwi 'Jamaican Vireo' leoga legga 'slender'
cfswfi swii leogi lengi 'tall. thin person'
sprekl sprekJ 'spots on skin' leenge leeoge
sprikJ sprikl 'many small pickles'
taga taga 'to carry somehing heavy'
also togo togo, tege tege DeC '57 8.104 Forms not confonning to above categories
taka taka 'rough fastening'
takro takro 'unattractive, unkempt'
takra takra 'to do roughly' difran difran 'scattered'
tara tara 'miscellaneous things' gaiao galao 'to keep going along' Cas '57
tiki tiki 'large group of small fish' gravol gravol 'gravelly land'
tiki tiki 'ruinate land'
tiki tiki 'small Slicks' straan it op srraan it op '10 tear stands apart'
timi timi 'plant Rivilla humilis' cot-up cot-up 15
toga toga 'to drap something heavy' tierop tierop '{orn, very ragged'
tuku tuku 'water gourd' kot-up ko{-up 'very cut up'
tuku tuku 'short, stocky' tan-up tan-up 15 Cas '57
waga waga 'plentiful'
wala wala 'to wash'
wala waIa 'to roll about'
wara wara 'miscellanous things'
were were 'worthless, Iinle things'
wusa wusa 'big and stupid person'
yaga yaga 'rags, tatters'
yege yege
yaga yaga 'to hack'