Table of Contents

Abstract .............................................................................................................. 1
Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................. 2
1.1 Working principle .................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2: Apparatus Required.................................................................... 4
2.1 Components Used..................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Experimental Circuit Diagram.............................................................................................. 4
2.3 Pictorial View of Complete Circuit....................................................................................... 5
2.4 PCB Layout ................................................................................................................................ 5
Chapter 3: Result ............................................................................................. 6
3.1 Simulation Result ..................................................................................................................... 6
3.2 Experimental Result ................................................................................................................ 6
Chapter 4: Discussion ..................................................................................... 7
4.1 Cost Estimation ........................................................................................................................ 7
4.2 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 7
4.3 References................................................................................................................................... 7

List of Figures
Figure 1: Block Diagram of Variable Power Supply. ....................................................................... 2
Figure 2: Circuit Diagram of Variable Power Supply. .................................................................... 3
Figure 3: (a) Output of Bridge Rectifier, (b) Output of Capacitor Filter. .................................... 3
Figure 4: Circuit Arrangement for Variable Power Supply. .......................................................... 4
Figure 5: Variable Power Supply.......................................................................................................... 5
Figure 6: PCB Layout of Variable Power Supply (Bottom Copper). ........................................... 5
Figure 7: Simulated Output in PROTEUS. ....................................................................................... 6
Figure 8: Output Wave Shape Seen through Oscilloscope. ........................................................... 6
List of Tables
Table 1: Short Brief of Used Component ........................................................................................... 4
Table 2: Total Approximate Cost for this Project. .......................................................................... 7

i
Abstract
A regulated power supply is a circuit which converts unregulated AC into a constant DC. With
the help of a rectifier it converts AC supply into DC. Its function is to supply a stable voltage
(or less often current), to a circuit or device that must be operated within certain power supply
limits. The output from the regulated power supply may be alternating or unidirectional, but is
nearly always DC (Direct Current).The type of stabilization used may be restricted to ensuring
that the output remains within certain limits under various load conditions, or it may also
include compensation for variations in its own supply source.

1
Chapter 1: Introduction
This circuit is made by following the block diagram

Figure 1: Block Diagram of Variable Power Supply.

High input voltage AC going into a transformer which usually steps down the high voltage AC
from mains to low voltage AC required for our application. The following bridge rectifier and
a smoothing capacitor to convert his AC voltage into unregulated DC voltage. But this voltage
will change according to varying load and input stability. This unregulated DC voltage is fed
into a voltage regulator which will keep a constant output voltage and suppresses unregulated
voltage ripples. Now this voltage can be fed into our load.

2
1.1 Working principle

Figure 2: Circuit Diagram of Variable Power Supply.

The variable power supply consists of transformer, rectifier diode, capacitor, resistor and
adjustable regulator 317. Transformer uses to step down the AC voltage. Four rectifier diode
works as full bridge rectifier and a capacitor works as a filter. The most important part of this
circuit is the 317 variable voltage regulator. The 317 is a monolithic integrated circuit with
adjustable 3-terminal positive-voltage regulator designed to supply more than 1.5 A of load
current with an output voltage adjustable over a 1.25 V to 37 V range. It also comes with
internal current limiting, thermal shutdown, and safe area compensation. All this makes it a
very good candidate for a regulator if we need a moderately accurate supply with medium
power output. The regulated DC output voltage for the circuit is given by

1
= 1.25 ( + 1)
2

Output voltage may be adjusted by changing the value of variable resistor RV1.

Figure 3: (a) Output of Bridge Rectifier, (b) Output of Capacitor Filter.

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Chapter 2: Apparatus Required

2.1 Components Used

Table 1: Short Brief of Used Component
Sl. No. Name of the Component Rating Quantity
01 Transformer 220V-12Vx2,1A 1
02 Rectifier Diode 1A,1000V 4
2200uF,50V 1
03 Capacitor 47uF,50V 1
10uF,50V 1
04 Regulator 317 1.25-37V,1.5A 1
05 Variable Resistor 10k 1
06 Resistor 100,2W 1
07 Ferric Chloride (3) 50g
08 Copper Clad Board 2.7 in 1.7 in 1
09 Heat Sink 1

2.2 Experimental Circuit Diagram

Figure 4: Circuit Arrangement for Variable Power Supply.

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2.3 Pictorial View of Complete Circuit

Figure 5: Variable Power Supply.

2.4 PCB Layout

Figure 6: PCB Layout of Variable Power Supply (Bottom Copper).

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Chapter 3: Result
3.1 Simulation Result

Figure 7: Simulated Output in PROTEUS.

3.2 Experimental Result

Figure 8: Output Wave Shape Seen through Oscilloscope.

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Chapter 4: Discussion

4.1 Cost Estimation

Table 2: Total Approximate Cost for this Project.
Sl. No. Name of the Component Rating Quantity Cost (Taka)
01 Transformer 220V-12Vx2,1A 1 100
02 Rectifier Diode 1A,1000V 4 4
2200uF,50V 1 25
03 Capacitor 47uF,50V 1 5
10uF,50V 1 4
04 Regulator 317 1.25-37V,1.5A 1 15
05 Variable Resistor 10k 1 5
06 Resistor 100,2W 1 3
07 Ferric Chloride (3) 50g 15
08 Copper Clad Board 2.7 in 1.7 in 1 15
09 Heat Sink 1 5
Total Cost = 196

4.2 Discussion
The output of the circuit is pure DC. This DC supply can be used to power microcontroller,
microprocessor, digital IC, LCD display, Arduino board etc. This circuit can supply maximum
1.5A current at voltage 1.25V to 28V according to require.

4.3 References
1. Principle of Electronics by V.K. Mehta
2. https://electrosome.com/variable-power-supply-lm317-voltage-regulator
3. http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/blog/variable-voltage-power-supply.html