SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

J.Majumder MIE Senior

Faculty
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
Brushless Generator Rotor
 PARTS OF THE ROTOR

t in g
o ta e
R od
in in g Di
a o l
M ld Co n t e r
Fie fa c i
Ex rator
ene
G
Brushless Generator Excitation
ROTARY EXCITER BRUSHLESS
SYSTEM

A.C. GENERATOR SWITCH BOARD

H1 H1
H2 H2 AC 1

SPACE HEATER
CT R R
R
K L
k l S S K CCT L
G S

T T
T
F1 K L
S1 k l
k l
DCT
Sil RT
k1 l1 k2 l2
3A 3A R1 S1 T1
A k
4A 4A AVR l
B
Ex
3 2 1
CCR ACB
Siz AUX. CONT
Sz CW
Fz
J Rc VR
K RISE
 VOLTAGE BUILD UP IN BRUSHLESS
GENERATOR

Field This current will

induce current
In secondary
winding S

nloaded generator builds up voltage due to residual voltage in the wind

connected Reactor coil L2 is only the load of the generator. The inductiv
ent which appears in the reactor coil will appear in primary winding P1
Connection diagram of Generator
AVR
The actual function of the
voltage regulator is to
provide a bypass for a
variable portion of the
current supplied by the
excitation equipment for
controlling the generator
voltage.
The thyristor regulator
module consists of two
assemblies: the regulator
module and the firing
module with thyristor in
buck circuit.
 AVR

The three-phase generator voltage, having been reduced to 24V by the

measuring-circuit transformers, is applied to terminals 17,18 and 19.
A direct voltage of approx. 30 V (terminal 20 to terminal 13 or 14) is
produced at the output of the rectifier bridge under the rated voltage of
the generator.
This rectified voltage provides the actual pulse signal and the supply
voltage the control amplifier.
The regulator module supplies output terminal 15 with a control voltage
of approx. 1 to 10 V, which is proportional to the control deviation.
 AVR

In the control circuit of the firing module, a time adjustable firing

impulse for the thyristor is formed from the control voltage of terminal
15 in comparison with a
saw tooth voltage. The overvoltage protector operates at voltages
over
600 V between terminals 1 and 5, then switches the thyristor through.
The excitation current is normally bucked with a single pulse.
If higher excitation is required, two firing modules for two pulse "buck"
operation will be provided.
Mode of operation of regulator
The generator voltage is fed to the regulator via plug connector X1
in a single-phase, two-circuit arrangement. Transformer T1 steps
down the generator voltage which is then rectified by the load-side
rectifier bridge V1, V4. This rectified voltage provides the actual
pulse signal "Uist the setpoint voltage Usoll and the supply voltage
for the regulator.
If the system uses a reactive current compensator, Current
transformer T15 or interposing transformer T4 of the excitation unit
is connected to load resistor R1 via plug-in contacts X2/5 and X2/9.
In this operating mode the actual voltage is composed of the
secondary voltage of transformer T1 and the voltage of load resistor
The magnitude of the resulting reduction in generator
voltage can be set with potentiometer S.
If an external set point selector is used, this is connected
by contacts X2/1 (A1) and X2/3 (A3). In this case micro switch S1/3
of the regulator must be opened.
A DC voltage of 0 to 10 V can be fed in via plug-in contacts X2/6
and X2/2. This voltage acts on the comparator point of the
control
amplifier. The set point can thus, for instance, be preset by
higher-level
equipment.
Control amplifier (proportional again adjustable by potentiometer
K and reset time by potentiometer T) outputs a DC voltage which is
converted into a time adjustable firing pulse for thyristor V18 or V28
via the load side pulse unit .The generator excitation circuit is fed
from rectifier
bridge V29. Resistor R48 and thyristor V28 form a parallel bypass
circuit to the field winding through which part of the current
supplied by the excitation unit flows. This method provides for
generator voltage control.
In order to optimize the correcting action, a disturbance variable is
injected into the control amplifier via resistor R47.
 Regulator gain, set point voltage
integral action

The control module comprises potentiometers U, K, T, R 47 and S.

The rated generator voltage has been adjusted by potentiometer
U, and the dynamic behaviour of the regulator on potentiometers
K, T and R 47. K is used to adjust the controller gain and
Potentiometer
potentiometer T is used to adjust the integral action time, whereas
potentiometer R 47 is used to inject a disturbance variable into
the comparator point of the control amplifier in order to adjust
dynamic behaviour.
Turning the knob of K and R 47 in the direction of descending
numerals and that of T in the direction of ascending numerals
normally stabilizes the control circuit and reduces the control rate.
 Voltage Droop

When the generator is operating by itself, the

thyristor voltage regulator controls the generator
voltage to the preset reference value.
Frequency changes due to the droop
characteristics of the prime mover do not influence
the accuracy of the generator output voltage.
 Parallel operation by
droop compensation
equipment
Droop compensating equipment ensures uniform distribution of
the reactive power and reduces the generator output voltage in
linear with the increase in reactive current.
Regarding generators with current transformer for droop
compensation, potentiometer S in the regulator is adjusted so
that there is no reduction in the generator voltage at unity p.f.
but a 4% reduction at zero p.f.