Year Two Drugs

Antifungals

Oral or Topical (Treat Candidasis)

Nystatin Attacks lipid membranes First line treatment
Azoles Metabolism (Inhibits enzyme for membrane
proneuduction)
Itraconazole - If immunocompromised. Treats Aspergillus
Voriconazole Treats invasive Aspergillus
Diseminated Disease
Amphotericin B Lipid membranes - Cryptococcosis and
Candidasis
Flucytosine - Metabolism Cryptococcosis and Candidasis

Antimalarial

Chloroquine For all infection types

Mefloquine For when plasmodium is chloroquine resistant
Quinine Chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum (First line for
p.falc)
Primaquine - For chronic infection
Artemisinins Most fast acting drug for killing pathogen, used in
combination (ACT) to prevent chronic infection
Drugs For Leishmaniasis

Amphotericin B Many side effects, first line in Africa though

Pentavalent Antimonials Many side effects also. Administered
intravenously. India
o Sodium Stibogluconate
o Meglumine Antimoniate
Miltefosine Phospholipid antimicrobial

African Sleeping Sickness Drugs

IV Eflornithine
Suramin antiparasitic
Pentamidine Also used for Leishmaniasis and also for PCP
prevention
Antibiotics

IV Ceftriaxone - Treats Meningococcal Disease Caused by Neisseria

meningitidis
IV Benzylpenicillin Meningitis, pneumonia, diphtheria
IV Ceftriaxone Pneumonia. Do not use for Enterobacter infections.
First line treatment for bacterial meningitis caused by pneumococci,
meningococci, Haemophilus Influenzae
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
o Cephalosporins Effective for gram positive bacteria, increasingly
for negative Staphylococci
 Cefuroxime Treats Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria
gonorrhoea. Gives a high risk of C.Dif though.
o Carbapenems Hospital acquired pneumonia
o Monobactams Gram negative bacteria (Neisseria), aztreonam
o Glycopeptides Inhibit peptide-glycan synthesis
Vancomycin IV treats MRSA. Oral is second line for C. dif. (Gram
positives)
Erythomycin Legionella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Haemophilus
Teicoplanin Prophylaxis. Treats gram positive bacteria MRSA,
Enterococcus faecalis
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
o Fluroquinalones Inhibit topoisomerases. Broad spectrum
antibiotic. For serious infections only. Leigonella.
o Ciprofloxacin Targets bacterial gyrase
o Rifamycins Mycobacteria like TB
Metabolic pathway inhibitors
o Sulfanomide Bacteriostatic. Folate inhibitors -
Sulfamethoxazole - Pneumocystis carinii. E.Coli.
o Trimethoprim For aerobic bacteria. UTI infections. E.Coli.
Streptococcus pneumoniae. Haemophilus influenza
Polymyxins Interfere with cell membrane integrity.
Lipopeptides
Metroniadazole Oral is first line for C. Diff.

Immunosuppressant Drugs

Tacrolimus For organ transplants. Reduces interleukin-2 reducing T-Cell

proliferation
Prednisone Corticosteroid. Anti-inflammatory Asthma, COPD,
tuberculosis, pericarditis, organ transplant, shingles, anti-tumour, syphilis
Antiprotozoal Agents

Nitazoxanide For Cryptosporidium, treats the diarrhoea. First line

treatment
Antihelmintics

Praziquantel
Albendazole

Antivirals

Interferons Cytokines, trigger immune response. Pass quickly through

system. HBV. HCV.
Lamivudine Neucloside analogue, reverse transcriptase inhibitor Hep
B, AIDS/HIV High risk of resistance
Adefovir Treats lamivudine resistant HBV, more expensive and toxic
though.
Entecavir Most powerful antiviral. Chronic Hep B. Reverse transcriptase
inhibitor. HIV
Ribavarin Used in combination with interferon to treat HCV. Reduce RNA
synthesis
 Ganiclovir Treats CMV.

Anti-tuberculous agents

Isonazide Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Ethambutol Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Pyrazinamide Fuck knows
Rifampicin Inhibits RNA synthesis

Anti-Tumour Drugs

Cytotoxic Tyrosine Kinase Inactivate oncogene signalling pathway

Proliferation Inhibitors - Oestrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids ect.
Alykalating Agents
o Nitrogen Mustards Supress haematopoiesis. For leukaemia
o Cyclophosphamide
o Estramustine
Antimetabolites
o Folate Antagonists Methotrexate
o Pyrimidine Analogues Flurouracil Inhibit DNA synthesis
o Purine Analogues Cytarabine Inhibits DNA polymerase

Anticoagulants

Warfarin
o Monitor with prothrombin time
o Inhibits VKOR Vitamin K epoxide reductase which recycles Vit K
o Risks in pregnancy, bleeding if too high, many drug and food
interactions
o Vitamin K or FFP reverses its effect
Heparin
o Activated partial prothrombin time for unfractionated
o Increases effect of antithrombin (naturally occurring anticoagulant,
inhibits Xa and thrombin)
o UFH Unfractionated Heparin
o LMWH Low Molecular Weight Heparin
Longer half-life, less thrombocytopenia, less bleeding
Dependant on renal function
o Immediate effect, safe, no need for monitoring
o Parenteral administration
Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran

Anti-fibrinolytic

Tranexamic acid

Anti-platelets

Aspirin
Clopidogrel