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chlorine
added
Purified water
(i) What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in the air?
...............................................................................................................................[1]
test ............................................................................................................................
. result ......................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Aluminium sulphate is added to clump tiny particles of clay together to form larger
particles of solid.
(i) Suggest how the solids are separated from the water.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Why are the following added during the water purification process?
(i) carbon
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) chlorine
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(d) Calcium hydroxide is added to neutralise the acidic solution formed after chlorine has been
added. This solution contains hydrochloric acid.
(i) Write an equation for the reaction of calcium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(i) carbon
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) chlorine
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(d) Calcium hydroxide is added to neutralise the acidic solution formed after chlorine has been added.
This solution contains hydrochloric acid.
(i) Write an equation for the reaction of calcium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
...............................................................................................................................[1]
impure water in
stones
sand
water out
[2]
(
i
(ii) After chlorination, the i
water is acidic. A small i
amount of slaked lime is )
added to the acidic water.
Explain why slaked lime is W
added. h
a
t
is the chemical name for slaked
lime?
[4]
test [1]
result [1]
[1]
(d) The diagram shows the arrangement of particles in the three different states of water.
A B C
[1]
(e) Steam reacts with ethene in the presence of a catalyst. Complete the word equation
for this reaction.
[2]
1 The diagrams show four methods of purifying substances.
ethanol
vapour
filter paper
ethanol
heat
A B
C D
[4]
(b) State the name given to the method of separation shown in
fractions
fuel gas
petrol
paraffin
diesel
lubricating fraction
crude oil
bitumen
...................................................................................................................................
paraffin ......................................................................................................................
bitumen .....................................................................................................................
[3]
C
D
(a) Complete the empty boxes to identify the pieces of apparatus labelled. [4]
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Which apparatus would be most suitable to obtain crystals from an aqueous solution of
copper(II) sulphate?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
4 A mixture of two solid compounds D and E was analysed. Solid D was a zinc salt which is soluble
in water. Solid E was an insoluble metal carbonate. The tests on the mixture and some of the
observations are in the following table.
Complete the observations in the table.
tests observations
test on residue
........................................................................
....................................................................[2]
The solution obtained in (c) was divided
into two equal portions.
........................................................................
....................................................................[4]
tests observations
test on filtrate
....................................................................[2]
....................................................................[3]
(f) What conclusions can you draw about the identity of solid D?
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(g) What conclusions can you draw about the identity of the cation in solid E?
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
1 An experiment was carried out to find the pH of samples of soil from a farmers field.
water
soil
sample
universal
B
indicator
filtrate
A,
B,
C. [3]
[2]
(c) Why should soil samples be taken from different parts of the field?
(d) Suggest why it is important to know the pH of soil. [1]
[1]
2 A sample of orange fruit jam was investigated to check the three colourings present.
[1]
[1]
[1]
(d) Draw a diagram to show the possible paper chromatogram obtained in Step 4.
[2]
tests observations
(a) One measure of the mixture was condensation at the top of the tube
heated gently then strongly.
[3]
(ii) Using the second portion
test (b)(i) was repeated
using aqueous ammonia
instead of aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
[3]
(iii) To the third portion of
tests
solution was added observations
(iv) To the fourth acid
hydrochloric andof
portion
barium nitrate solution.
solution was added nitric
acid and silver nitrate
solution. no visible reaction
Tests on the residue
[1]
.. [2]
(f) What does test (c) indicate?
. [2]
1 A mixture of ethanol and water can be separated by fractional distillation. The apparatus below can be
used to carry out such a separation in the laboratory.
heat
C [3]
[1]
[1]
[Total: 5]
The diagram shows the chromatogram obtained when four samples of amino acids were
analysed. The paper was sprayed with ninhydrin.
solvent front
chromatography
paper
origin
1 2 3 4 level of solvent
original positions of
samples of amino acids
[1]
[1]
(c) Which amino acid sample contains more than one amino acid? Explain your answer.
sample
explanation
[2]
[1]
[Total: 5]
5 A sample of solid C was analysed. C is a mixture of two salts, D and E. Solid D is insoluble lead
carbonate and solid E is water-soluble.
The tests on C, and some of the observations are in the following table.
Complete the observations in the table.
tests observations
(a) Describe the appearance of C. pale green solid
pH 8 to 11
[3]
Solid C was added to a boiling tube containing distilled water. The tube was
shaken to mix the contents. The contents of the boiling tube were filtered.
[1]
[1]
(h) What conclusions can you draw about salt E?
[4]
[ Total 11]
1 A solution of copper sulphate was made by reacting excess copper oxide with dilute sulphuric
acid. The diagram shows the method used.
the mixture
DILUTE
SULPHURIC was filtered
ACID
warm
(a) Complete the empty boxes to name the pieces of apparatus. [3]
[1]
(c) Draw a labelled diagram to show how the mixture was filtered.
[2]
[Total: 6]
3 Sulphur dioxide gas is denser than air and soluble in water. A sample of sulphur dioxide can be prepared
by adding dilute hydrochloric acid to sodium sulphite and warming the mixture. Study the diagram of the
apparatus used.
water
(b) Show by using an arrow, on the diagram, where heat is applied. [1]
Mistake 1
Mistake 2
[2]
[Total: 5]
1 The diagrams show three sets of apparatus, F, G and H, used to separate three different mixtures.
F G
(b) (i) Which apparatus is used to obtain crystals of a salt from a solution of the salt?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
..............................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total:
5]
1 The apparatus below was used to separate ethanol from water.
(a) Complete the empty boxes to name the pieces of apparatus. [3]
......................................................................................................................................[2]
4 The Carlsbad caverns in New Mexico are very large underground caves. Although the walls of these
caves are coated with gypsum (hydrated calcium sulphate), the caves have been formed in limestone.
(a) It is believed that the caves were formed by sulphuric acid reacting with the limestone.
(ii) Describe how you could test the water entering the cave to show that it
contained sulphate ions.
test
result [2]
(iii) How could you show that the water entering the cave has a high
concentration of hydrogen ions?
[1]
(b) Hydrogen sulphide gas which was escaping from nearby petroleum deposits was
being oxidised to sulphuric acid.
(i) Complete the equation for this reaction forming sulphuric acid.
H2S + O2 [2]
(ii) Explain why all the hydrogen sulphide should be removed from the
petroleum before it is used as a fuel.
[1]
(iii) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule of the
covalent compound hydrogen sulphide.
Use o to represent an electron from a sulphur atom. Use x to
represent an electron from a hydrogen atom.
2SO
2SO
[2]
(c) Sulphuric acid is manufactured by the Contact Process. Sulphur dioxide is oxidised to
sulphur trioxide by oxygen.
(i) Name the catalyst used in this reaction.
[1]
[1]
[2]
(d) Gypsum is hydrated calcium sulphate, CaSO4.xH2O. It contains 20.9% water by mass.
Calculate x.
x= [3]
i
method n
s
oluble salt, lead(II) iodide, from the soluble salt, lead(II) nitrate
method
reagent
2+
equation Pb + [4]
[Total: 10]
From the list choose the most suitable technique to separate the following.
[Total: 5]
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
test ....................................................................................................................................
(i) Describe a test for the gas given off in this reaction.
test .............................................................................................................................
(iii) When 4.4 g of propane are burnt in excess oxygen, 7.2 g of water are formed.
Calculate the mass of water formed when 22 g of propane are burnt.
[1]
[Total: 10]
6. Complete the table to identify the missing reactant needed to make each gas in the laboratory.
Give a test that is commonly used to identify the gas.
Gas Reactant A Reactant B Test
ammonium
ammonia
chloride
sulphur dilute
dioxide hydrochloric acid
concentrated
chlorine
hydrochloric acid
Total 6 marks
Q6
5 A precipitate may be formed when two aqueous solutions are mixed. The colour of
these precipitates may be used to identify particular aqueous ions.
solution to be added to
ion under test test for the ion colour of precipitate
iron(II)
iodide
chloride
sulphate
[8]
(a) Sodium chloride solution can be made into three useful substances.
These are chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide.
What is the name of the process used to change sodium chloride solution into these
useful substances.
. ........................................................................................................................................[1]
Draw a straight line from each substance to the correct use. [2]
substance use
[Total: 3]
3
He adds soap solution to 100 cm of each sample until a lasting lather is formed.
3
Sam boils fresh 100 cm samples of distilled water, sample A and sample B.
B 13.0 7.0
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ........................................................................................................................................[1]
How can you tell from the information in the table of results?
. ............................................................................................................................................
. ........................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 2]
sodium chloride solution
iron(III) hydroxide
Explain how you would obtain a pure dry sample of sodium chloride from this mixture. You
may use diagrams to help with your explanation.
[3]
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
.
viii. Petrol and kerosene
14.A few drops of the indicator screened methyl orange was placed at the centre of
a piece of filter paper. Drops of water were added to the centre of the filter paper.
Drops of water centre of the were added to the centre of the filter paper. The two
constituent dyes of the
Indicators were separated as shown in the diagram.
i. On each of these diagrams, put marks to show where you would expect the
separated blue and yellow dyes to appear.
ii. In which of these two methods would the water travel fastest? Give a reason
for your answer.
iii. At the beginning of the experiment, why must the spot of indicator be above
(ascending method) or below (descending method) the water level?
15.The table below gives some information about the properties of three chemicals.
Chemical Effect of heat Cold water Hot water
Potassium nitrate No effect Soluble Very soluble
Barium sulphate No effect Insoluble Insoluble
naphthalene No effect insoluble Insoluble
Using this information, how you obtain pure, dry samples of each chemical, if you
started with a mixture of all three?
16. The table below gives some information about what happens to some items in
household refuse after they are crushed up.
Refuse Addition of water
Copper objects Sink quickly
Glass object Sink slowly
Plastics Sink slowly
Iron objects Float on water
Paper and cardboard Sink quickly
Sink if thoroughly wetted
a) How could glass be distinguished from the metal refuse?
b) How would you separate iron metal form refuse?
c) How would you separate plastic material from the refuse?
d) Which types of refuse can be recycled?