Chapter 36

He began by giving honor and respect to their ancestors. All the glory and
the quality of life they are experiencing now is because of the efforts and
bravery that their ancestors showed before. He did not mention anymore
the things that they did in the war, but he will turn to praise the dead after
he detailed the principles why they reached this present situation and after
he provided the form of government by which the greatness of this principle
resulted. He believed that the stories of these great people must be mention
for it is advantageous and worth telling to both citizens and foreigners.

Chapter 37

They have a form of government by which to set an example to others and

not just to copy from the others. They call it democracy by which the
interest of the many is administered and not just by the few. But even if
there are equal rights provided for each, still every member of the society is
subject to public service not by rotation but by merit. In public life, they all
have their freedoms that does not cause harm to other people nor cause
distress to them. We are all law abiding citizens when associated in public
life, for the fear and obedience both to the people of authority and of the
laws.

Chapter 38

In addition, we have provided things that would allow the people to unwind
and relax from all the difficult works and labors they do. We provide games,
festivals the whole year to which things we can enjoy as much as possible.

Chapter 39

In warfare, it is different. We leave the city that is accessible to all and we do

not prevent anyone from either listening or observing. They do place trust
more on courageous readiness for action compared to deception. In
education, as early as children they are already given laborous training as
part of their pursuit in manhood but with the kind of relaxed life they have,
we are do not result to stressful deeds and actions. An example would be on
warfare wherein bravery is best measured not because of law but of
character as well as facing danger with a mind at ease than a habit of
stress.It is our gain not to get affected by hardships before they occur.

Chapter 40
They love wisdom without being vigorous. They utilize wealth well rather
than boasting it to others. It is praiseworthy to admit poverty even more in
dealing with poverty through activity. It is also within the capacity of man to
balance his private rights together with public business and that through
this, man is useless if he only has an inferior understanding of public affairs.
We tend to ratify or propose new ideas with the intention not to harm but to
bring progress on what must be done. For that we are both daring and
thorough in calculating risks in our attempt and we can be distinguished from
the others through this. For ignorance is boldness but calculation brings
hesitancy. Rightfully the will be judged to have the strongest spirit who
recognize both dangers and pleasures with utmost clarity and are not
deterred from risks. We are also unique to other people in terms of goodness.
We are more comfortable in giving because it secures us by preserving the
feeling of gratitude by good will towards the recipient, who is less fulfilled
because he/she has to repay the goodness not to inspire gratitude but
because of mere obligation. We are unique not because of calculation of
advantage over others but because of our freedom

Chapter 41

In summary, I claim that Athens serves as an example to the Hellas. And for
me it only needs one Athenian to represent a self-sufficient individual
capable to different forms of conduct and the the most attractive qualities.
Dito, pinuri lang niya yung city niya and regarded it as the only city that
surpasses her reputation when put to the test. Worth dying yung city niya
kasi hindi niya niyayabang ung meron siya pero it shows na magaling yung
city niya base dun sa mga characteristics na sinabi niya.

Chapter 42

This is the reason why he has this lengthy speech about his city and in
eulogizing the great men of his time. For it is their values, and those of men
like them, that have given honor to the qualities I have praised in the city,
that reputation is equal to deeds. He regarded their ancestors as one who
recognizes what it meant by resisting and dying rather than surviving by
submission. For him, it is worth dying for his city and that these men must
receive their due honor and respect for not giving hope to uncertainty but to
resolve and rely on their own actions on what confronted them now.

Chapter 43
The men who offered their lives for the city are worthy of their city for they
endured the pain of fighting for the citys values and fame. Men who treated
the city as their lovers are worthy of praise. This is their finest contribution
for her those who realize their calling and honoured their actions for her.
For giving their lives individually gained them imperishable praise and
tombs, not buried below the ground but tombs on every occasion for word
and deed their glory is remembered (legacy). Legacy present not only in
their land but also in foreign land not by monument but in mind. The whole
earth is the tomb for famous men. Emulate them now, judge that happiness
is freedom and freedom courage.

Chapter 44

This chapter explains his compassion to the present generation as parents of

these men. He comforts them for it is difficult to accept that what was once
part of them would be taken away from them. ...for sorrow is not felt over
the deprivation of good things one has not experienced, but over the
removal of what one was used to. Also he gives message as well to the
succeeding generation to take courage in risking their children and the kind
of life they will experience in the future will be better and the risk of them
having their children taken away from them would be minimal. You are lucky
to have not experience this or for having passed beyond this point because
youll experience the fame and the fruits of these mens end. For a love of
honor is the only thing that has no old age. It is this honor that brings delight
in the period of uselessness.

Chapter 45

He addresses the brothers and sons of these men that they are subject to
criticism as inferior. That they are to be judged as not equal to their sons and
brothers. The living lives as a rival but to those who offer no more opposition,
they receive honor with a good will lacking in competitiveness.

Chapter 46

This time the city must rear their sons at public expense until they are of
age. For it is among who establish the greatest prizes for courage that men
are the best citizens.

Chapter 47

As summer began, the Peloponnesians invaded attica with a two-thirds force

lead by Archidamos son of Zeuxidamos, king of the Lacedaemonians. Later
on, Athens experienced a plague. Doctors paid no serious attention to this
since there were no records yet of death because of this plague.
Unfortunately the epidemic broke and these doctors are the ones who fell in
number for they are the people in great numbers who had the most contact
with the disease.

Chapter 48

Originally, the disease came from Ethiopia and then descended to Egypt and
Libya and much of the land of the King. Then it struck Athens. Basta napag
bintangan daw ung mga Pelopponesians na naglagay ng lason sa well.
Walang makapag sabi kung san nanggaling ung plague.

Chapter 49

May consensus daw nung year na nangyari yung plague. It was said that this
was the year of disease free. So kung may mga nararamdaman daw nung
mga panahon na yun na sakit, dinidisprove daw ng consensus na to.
Dinescribe sa chapter na to ung mga sakit na nararamdaman ng isang tao
from head to toe. AS IN LAHAT pati sa LOOB. Sabi daw na sa loob parang
sinusunog ung katawan mo tapos sa labas mahapdi na gusto mo na lang
maligo sa malamig na tubig. May mga instances na kailangang tanggalin ung
genitals, fingers, toes and eyes. Maraming naka survive dito. Total loss of
memory also came over some as soon as they had recovered. Yung iba di na
nila kilala sarili nila after.

Chapter 50

Dying because of this disease made them unique. Uniquely apart from other
diseases. Birds that feed on men died, some didnt even bother to approach.
Dogs also noticed the result of the plague that transpired to men.

Chapter 51

During the plague, no common diseases had existed among them. Others
died out of neglect and others if given so much attention. There is this
phenomena that when one is attended for medical needs, the other one dies.
To sum up, there were no cure established. Another terrible thing that had
happened was when one realizes that he has already incurred the disease.
Its either he gives up or keep holding on. They also perish in isolation for
they fear to catch the disease from the others even relatives and friends.
Lucky are those who survived the effect of the plague.

Chapter 52

The whole city is filled with corpses. Those in the country tried to crowd
themselves in the city but because they had no place to stay, theyve seen
half dead men along the streets, some result to burying the bodies and
thrown into the pyres. Huts, houses and sanctuaries are filled with dead
bodies who died on the spot.

Chapter 53

To others it become the period of lawlessness. Men became selfish to the

point that the reason why they live is to experience luxury and instant
satisfaction for they see that those who are prosperous suddenly died and
those who doesnt have any had acquired a property. Their thinking it that
they are uncertain for the life they are living onwards because who knows
when will they die. For them law and the gods are not a deterrent anymore.
Before it is noble to be enthusiastic with additional hardship but during those
time, what is more noble is that which gives immediate comfort, satisfaction
and conduciveness.

Chapter 54

The Athenians were afflicted greatly of this suffering for they remembered a
verse that a Dorian war will come with it is plague. They were told by their
elders that it was famine instead of plague thats why they are now shaping
their memories in accordance to what they are experiencing. Also,
Lacedaemonians asked the god whether they will go to war. The agreement
was that if they fought hard, victory would be theirs and he himself will join
them. This is the reason why at all means, the plague did not reach the
Lacedaemonians as they began to march to war.

Chapter 55

Meanwhile after the Pelopponesians had ravaged the plain, they proceed to
the Parales or coastal area as far as Laureion where the Athenians have their
silver mines. Perikles, who was general, had the same opinion for Athenians
not to go out.

Chapter 56
Before the Pelopponesians leave the land and gathered on the coast, Perikles
gathered ships and armies to ravage the coastal areas of the Peloponnesos.
First, the went to Epidauros then to Troizen, Halieis, Hermione and Prasiai.
After this they went home and found that the Peloponnesos retreated.

Chapter 57

During the time when the Pelopponesians where in Athenian territory, this is
the time when the plague has been ravaging both the city and those in the
expedition. It was said the the reason why the Peloppponesians left Athens is
because of their fear of the plague but even this was the case, they had
stayed in Athens still for a long time.

Chapter 58

The same summer, Hagnon son of Nikias and Kleopompos son of Kleinias
who were generals along with Perikles took the same forces he had used and
immediately campaigned against the Chalkidians in the Thracian area and
against Potidaia. They were unsuccessful because by the time they reach the
area, the plague broke out and many troops of Hagnon died. They returned
to Athens losing 1500 men out of 4,000. Other soldiers stayed to conquer
Potidia.

Chapter 59

After the second invasion of the Pelopponnesians, the Athenians started to

blame Perikles since their land was severely ravaged and was devastated by
the plague. They are ready to make terms with the Lacedaemonians but did
not result to anything. They were so disappointed with Perikles but as the
general he must keep the Athenians calm. He called for an assembly to
encourage them and ridding their minds of anger.

Chapter 60

His message to the Athenians:

He clarified that he is aware of the reasons of their anger to him and just
wanted to clarify if they are misguided by their accusations and their
surrender to their misfortunes. He reminded them that it is better for you to
think of how you can help bear the misfortunes of the city for the city bears
the misfortunes of each individual in the city.
He also clarified the accusations to him that even you have the greatest
ideas and still you have imperfections, he is of the same footing as those
who, with the same quality and imperfections, persuaded you to go to war.

Chapter 61

The one who shuns danger deserves condemnation more than the one
confronting it. The Athenians have shifted because they were persuaded
when unharmed and regretted it when injured. It appears to them that his
policies were wrong then one experiences grief from it. They must be willing
to accept and hold out on the greatest misfortunes of their city because this
is how they are raised by their city. It is a practice that one blames a person
with accountability and established reputation if he/she falls short and the
one who blames tend to point fingers to which he/she experience sorrow.
Cease from private sorrow and take up the salvation of the community

Chapter 62

Perikles speaking to the people empowering them to utilize the two things
they have as an advantage to the enemy. He proceeded and focused on the
advantage in naval warfare where in his analogy is that their naval capability
is like a garden and their houses and towns that are destroyed which they
considered seriously is just an ornament of the garden. Freedom will recover
what was lost in them. They must show that they are not inferior from the
enemies and are worthy of safeguarding what was once fought for by their
fathers. What their fathers have secured and was handed down to them. For
it is better to fight but fail in acquisitions rather than not fight and loses their
possession.

Chapter 63

It is worth fighting for the city that you take delight in. The prestige that your
city brings. Do not let yourselves become politically indifferent. Its as good
as a slave. A subject of a superior city.

Chapter 64

So dont blame me. For it us normal for an enemy to attack if you show signs
of unwillingness to submit. Also, timely of the plague that had the most
impact to us. For I know that even the smallest way you gain something, you
are still going to attribute it to me. The character of our city is this and do not
oppose it now. One must bear what comes from heaven with resignation
and what comes from enemies with courage. Know that Athens has the
greatest image among all men for not being discouraged of misfortunes and
by utilizing more people made it possible to establish this great power up to
the present for it will be remembered. Remember that there will always be
hatred from others but it wont last long. Brilliance of the moment and glory
in the future will remain in eternal memory. So dont send heralds to
Lacedaemonians anymore and show that we are weighed down by our
hardships. Since those who are least distressend in their minds in confronting
misfortuntes but most hold out against these misfortunes are the strongest
of cities and the strongest of individuals.

Chapter 65-70

The SYRACUSAN generals, as the time of their marched arrived, went

to KATANA and ordered the people to bivouac (stay in a temporary
camp without cover) on the SYMAISTOS river in LEONTINE territory
The ATHENIANS later on found out that they were on the move and
disembark across from the OLYMPIEION to occupy the camp
The SYRACUSAN cavalry discovered about the ATHENIANS so he gave
word to the infantry to retreat and defend the city

The ATHENIAN army set up in an area full of walls and houses where
they can offer battle and they put up a barricade of stones and timber
at DASKON and the bridge over the ANOPOS

The SYRACUSAN crossed the HELORINE road and bivouac to avoid

confrontation

Formation of the ATHENIAN army:

- ARGIVES & MANTINEANS right wing
- ATHENIANS center
- The rest left wing

SYRACUSAN forces:
- SYRACUSAN
- GELOAN
- SELINOUNTINES
- KAMARINA