Physical Properties

Physical properties can be observed without changing/destroying the

substance. Chemical properties are the exact opposite.

Matter

Pure
Mixtures
Substances

Compounds Homogenou
Elements Heterogeno
(NaCl, s (Kool-
(About 118) us (Salad)
Water) Aide)

Elemen Compoun
Form
Are made up
ts ds Are made up
of of

Atoms Molecule
There Form are 92 naturally
s
occurring elements and you will have to know the name (spelling
correct up to one letter) and symbol of each of them.
Calcium Phosphate 3 C a3 (P O4 )3
How many molecules are there?
o Three molecules
How many of each type of atom are there per molecule?
o Contains 3 Ca, 2 P, and 8 O
How many for all of the molecules?
o Total of 9 Ca, 6 P, and 24 O
Five Common Ways to separate mixtures
1. Filtration separates a solid from a liquid using physical barriers
2. Distillation separates two liquids using boiling points
3. Crystallization separates a solid from a liquid using evaporation
4. Sublimation separates two solids (one solids turns into a gas)
 5. Chromatography separates substances by size and charge. It
works because different substances have different sizes and
charges, which effects how it moves.
Chemical Reactions
Reactant ( Catalyst ) Produc t

Starts Yields Ends

Additional symbols:
=heat The delta symbol means that heat was applied to the

reaction

The double arrow is called equilibrium. It means that the
reaction will go both ways
In a chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed.
e=m c 2
This famous equation means that energy equals mass, so that when
you burn something matter in converted into energy and not
destroyed.
Law of Definite Proportions every chemical compound contains a
fixed and constant ratio of its elements so H 2 O H 2 O2
Law of Multiple Proportions subscripts have to be whole numbers.
There cant be a H 2.5 O3.7

Transporter beams were made in 2009, but it is only able to teleport

one particle over three feet. Also cellphones were from Star Trek.