IC FIX

1. A large-diameter (3- to 5-in. inside diameter), high-pressure flexible line used to

connect the standpipe to the swivel. This flexible piping arrangement permits the kelly
(and, in turn, the drillstring and bit) to be raised or lowered while drilling fluid is
pumped through the drillstring. What is this?
Answer : Rotary hose.

2. A large, sloping sedimentary deposit at the mouth of a canyon, laid down by

intermittently flowing water, usually consisting of detrital clastic sediments, and
distinct from subaqueous deposition such as in lakes or oceans, and composed of
gravel and sand. The deposit tends to be coarse and unworked, with angular, poorly
sorted grains in thin, overlapping. What kind of depositional system is it?
Answer : Alluvial fan

3. US organisation that sets standards and specifications for ships and ship equipment
manufactured in the United States. The organisation also makes inspections during
offshore rig construction. This organization usually called ABS. What is ABS stand
for
Answer : American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)

4. A condition sometimes encountered in a pumping well when dissolved gas, released

from solution during the upstroke of the plunger, appears as free gas between the
valves. On the downstroke, pressure inside a barrel completely filled with gas may
never reach the pressure needed to open the traveling valve. In the upstroke, the
pressure inside the barrel never decreases enough for the standing valve to open and
allow liquid to enter the pump. Thus no fluid enters or leaves the pump, and the pump
is locked. This condition is called.
Answer : Gas Lock

5. This is one of the four main components of petroleum, along with asphaltenes,
aromatics and saturates (which include waxes). Aromatics, saturates and this
component are also known as maltenes. It adds to the stickiness and viscosity of
heavy oil. What is this component called?
Answer : Resin
1. This is a stress that must be applied to a material to make it begin to flow (or to yield). It
is a parameter in the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model. Name this stress!
Answer : Yield Stress

2. The process by which unconsolidated sediments become sedimentary rock. Sediments

typically are derived from preexisting rocks by weathering, transported and redeposited,
and then buried and compacted by overlying sediments. Cementation causes the
sediments to harden, or lithify, into rock. This process is called..
Answer : lithification

3. A record showing variations in wellbore diameter by depth, indicating undue

enlargement due to caving in, washout, or other causes. This log also reveals corrosion,
scaling, or pitting inside tubular goods what kind of log is it?
Answer : caliper log

4. This is a device or completion component designed to enable relative movement between

two fixed assemblies in the event of thermal expansion or contraction. The forces
generated by thermal expansion or contraction can be significant. It can prevent any
movement or forces being transmitted to fixed components such as packers or tubing
hangers.What is the name of the device?
Answer : Expansion joint

5. Gas with very low flow rates. Found in sedimentary layers of rock that are cemented
together so tightly that it "greatly hinders" the extraction. Getting tight gas out usually
requires enhanced technology like "hydraulic fracturing" where fluid is pumped into the
ground to make it more permeable. What kind of reservoir is it?
Answer : Tight gas reservoir

6. A completion component fabricated as a short section of heavy wall tubular with a

machined internal surface that provides a seal area and a locking profile. They are
included in most completions at predetermined intervals to enable the installation of
flow-control devices, such as plugs and chokes. Two basic types of this devices are
commonly used: no-go, and selective landing. What is this kind of completion
component?
Answer : Nipples
7. What is the terminology of Folding, faulting, and other changes in shape of rocks or
minerals in response to mechanical forces such as those that occur in tectonically active
regions ?
Answer : Deformation

8. The radius of the approximate circular shape around a single wellbore from which the
hydrocarbon flows into the wellbore. In a single well, it will help determine how many
wells will be needed (and where they should go) to most efficiently drain the reservoir.
What is it?
Answer : Drainage radius

9. This is the gas mainly composed of propane and butane, which has been liquefied at low
temperatures and moderate pressures. The gas is obtainable from refinery gases or after
the cracking process of crude oil. What is this type of gas called?
Answer : Liquefied petroleum gas

10.Look at the picture!

What type of reservoir is it ?

Answer : Solution gas Drive Reservoir
1. What is the common name for a deflection tool used for changing the wellbore trajectory
while drilling a well?
Answer : Whipstock

BONUS QUESTION
Name two of the possible hydraulic parameters considered for optimization when
selecting the jet bit nozzle sizes !
Answer :
1) Nozzle velocity
2) Hydraulic horsepower
3) Jet impact force.

2. The pressure at which a tube, or vessel, will catastrophically deform as a result of

differential pressure acting from outside to inside of the vessel or tube is called..
Answer : Collapse Pressure

BONUS QUESTION
Casing and tubing are classified according to five properties. Name four of these
properties !
Answer :
- Manner of Manufacture.
- Steel Grade.
- Type of Joints.
- Length Range.
- Wall Thickness.

3. The speed at which the drill bit can break the rock under it and thus deepen the wellbore.
This speed is usually reported in units of feet per hour or meters per hour. What is it?
Answer : rate of penetration (ROP)/ Penetration Rate

BONUS QUESTION
name four factors that increase penetration rate.
Answer :
1) increasing pore pressure
2) increasing weight on bit
3) increasing bit rotating speed
4) increasing mud flow rate and pressure
5) decreasing mud solids content

4. This tool is one of special equipment in cementing job. It is an expanding metal cone that
is used to prevent the downward flow of cement in a well. What is it?
Answer : Cementing Basket

BONUS QUESTION
Mention three kinds of special equipment in Cementing Job!
Answer :
 - Bridge Plugs
- Cementing Basket
- External Casing Packer

5. Look at the picture !

Based on the picture , what kind of fluid rheological model that shown as B ?
Answer : Power Law

BONUS QUESTION
Mention three rheological models generally used by drilling engineer to approximate
fluid behavior?
Answer :
(1) the Newtonian Model,
(2) the Bingham Plastic Model, and
(3) the Power Law Model.

6. It is a major branch of enhanced oil recovery processes. It maintains reservoir pressure

and improves oil displacement because the interfacial tension between oil and water is
reduced. The effect is similar to that of a solution gas drive. What is it?
Answer: Miscible Displacement

BONUS QUESTION

Mention three (3) methods of miscible injection?

Answer:

1. vaporizing gas drive (gas kering)

2. Enrich/Condensing gas drive (Gas Diperkaya)
3. CO2 Injection
4. Inert gas Injection

7. In the circuit of tubing known EUE term. What does EUE stand for?
Answer : External Upset End

BONUS QUESTION
Mention four parts of Sucker Rod Pump under the surface!
 Answer:

- Plunger
- Working Barrel
- Standing Valves
- Traveling Valve
- Anchor
- Sand Control
- Diverter Junction
- Deposited sand pipe
- Extended pump barrel

8. The indicator of water or effluent quality, which measures oxygen demand by

chemical (as distinct from biological) means, using potassium dichromate as the
oxidizing agent. What is it called?
Answer : Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

BONUS QUESTION :
It is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a
body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at
certain temperature over a specific time period.What is it?
Answer : Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

9. Afterflow of fluid into the wellbore after the well is shut-in at the wellhead. During this
effect, reservoir effects are masked or distorted, making it impossible to quantity well
properties such as permeability, skin, etc. this effect last until pressure is equalized
between the wellbore and the formation. What is the name of this effect?
Answer : Wellbore storage

BONUS QUESTION :
Given data:

If the oil in well has a density of 58 lbm/ft3, and cross-sectional area of the wellbore is
1.1812 ft2, determine the storage coefficient this well in STB/psi

Answer : 0.522 STB/psi

 = 0.522 STB/psi

10. A type of downhole packer that is activated or set by applying compressive force to the
packer assembly.
Answer : Compression-Set Packer

BONUS QUESTION
Name 3 types of packer settings !
Answer :
1) Compression-set
2) Tension-set
3) Mechanical-set
4) Hydraulic-set

11. A dimensionless function of water saturation describing the capillary pressure and an
attempt at extrapolating capillary pressure data for a given rock to rocks that are similar
but with differing permeability, porosity and wetting properties. It assumes that the
porous rock can be modeled as a bundle of non-connecting capillary tubes. What is the
name of dimensionless function of water saturation describing the capillary pressure?
Answer : Leverett J-function

BONUS QUESTION
Calculate the J-function if the interfacial tension is measured at 50 dynes/cm. Further
reservoir engineering analysis indicated that the reservoir is better described at a porosity
value of 16% and an absolute permeability of 120 md. Water saturation 0.6. Capillary
Pressure 0.75 psi
Answer : 0.052

Pc k
J ( S w ) 0.1264
cos( )

0,75 120
J ( S w ) 0.1264 0.052
50 0.19

12. The gas that accumulates in the upper portions of a reservoir where the pressure,
temperature and fluid characteristics are conducive to free gas. The energy provided by
 the expansion of the gas cap provides the primary drive mechanism for oil recovery in
such circumstances. What kind of drive mechanism is it?
Answer : Gas cap

BONUS QUESTION
Mention three index calculation of drive mechanism !
Answer :
a. Depletion Drive Index (DDI)
b. Segregation Drive Index (SDI)
c. Water Drive Index (WDI)

13. A type of geochemical analysis in which a rock sample is subject to controlled heating in
an inert gas to or past the point of generating hydrocarbons in order to assess its quality
as a source rock, the abundance of organic material in it, its thermal maturity, and the
quality of hydrocarbons it might generate or have generated. What type of geochemical
analysis is it?
Answer : Pyrolysis

BONUS QUESTION
The solution gas that is liberated from an oil sample during a decline in pressure is
continuously removed from contact with the oil, and before establishing equilibrium with
the liquid phase. This type of liberation is characterized by a varying composition of the
total hydrocarbon system. What is the type of this liberation?
Answer : Differential Liberation

14. The actual volume occupied by n moles of gas at a specified pressure and temperature,
divided by the volume occupied by the same amount of gas at standard conditions is
called
Answer : Gas formation volume factor (Bg)

BONUS QUESTION
Calculate a value of the gas formation volume factor in (res bbl/scf) of a dry gas with a
specific gravity of 0,818 at a reservoir temperature of 220F and reservoir pressure of
2100 psig. (If known value of Z-factor 0,855)
Answer : 0,00138 res bbl/scf
15. A method of thermal recovery in which hot water is injected into a reservoir through
specially distributed injection wells to reduce the viscosity of the crude oil, allowing it to
move more easily toward production wells. What is it?
Answer : Hot Waterflooding

BONUS QUESTION
Name two classical analytical methods for water flooding ?
Answer :
- Buckley Leverett
- Stiles
- Dykstra Parsons

16. It is a statistical measure of the spread of a log-normal distribution, and its values vary
between 0 and 1. what parameter indicates how homogeneous or hetergeneous a
reservoir is?
Answer : Dykstra-Parsons Coefficient

BONUS QUESTION
When natural gas expands from a high pressure to a lower pressure without heat transfer
or work being done, there is an accompanying temperature drop or refrigeration effect.
This effect is ussualy called..
Answer : Joule-Thompson Effect

17. What is the name of an elongated block of high topographic relief that is bounded
on two sides by steep normal fault. Produced in an area of crustal extension?
Answer : Horst

BONUS QUESTION :
Look at the picture.
 A classification of faults can be based on the direction in which movement took
place along the fault plane. What type of each faults (A, B, C, and D) are shown in
the picture?
Answer :
(A) Normal faults
(B) Reverse faults
(C) Wrench or strike dip fault
(D) Oblique slip fault

18. A conical-shaped structure attached to the floor of a cave is called by

Answer : Stalagmite

BONUS QUESTION
Mention 6 of 13 types of Identifying Physical Properties of Minerals!
Answer :

1. Crystal form
2. Color
3. Streak
4. Luster
5. Cleavage
6. Fracture
7. Hardness
8. Tenacity
9. Specific gravity
10. Taste
11. Magnetism
12. Reaction with acid
13. Striations
19. Geothermal surface facility which is used to reduce the noise that occurs when
vapor produced in addition it also serves as a divider between the water and steam
that will be discarded is called..
Answer : Silencer

BONUS QUESTION
Mention three types of power station in geothermal steam power plants!
Answer :
1. Dry steam power plants
 2. Flash steam power plants
3. Binary cycle power plants

20. S. J. Pirson argued that decline curve classification analysis divided into three
types. If the semilog plot between production rate and time will be a straight
line, what type of decline curve?
Answer : Exponential Decline Curve / Constant percentage decline /
geometric decline

BONUS QUESTION
Calculate nominal decline rate (Dexponent) in Exponential Decline Curve type, if
known time of decline is 30 month with initial production rate is 325 BOPD. The
production rate at time is 120 BOPD
Answer : 0,03321
qi
ln
Dexp onential qt
t

325
ln ( )
120
D exponential= =0,03321 month1
30

1. It is An arch-shaped fold in rock which rock layers are upwardly convex. Oil moves to
the highest point in this arch's dome and then trapped on it. What is it?
Answer : Anticline Trap

2. A drilling operation in which the drilling fluid is not returned to the surface. It flows
into an under-ground formation. Sometimes this method techniques are resorted to
when lost circulation occurs. What is the name of this drilling method?
Answer : Blind Drilling

3. A device used to collect small liquid droplets (moisture or hydrocarbons) from the gas
stream before it leaves the separator. The two most common types of this device are
wire-mesh pads and vanes. Once the small droplets of liquid are collected, they are
removed along with the other liquids from the separator. What is the device ?
Answer : Mist Extractor
4. The system that has reached equilibrium for the measurement or phenomenon
concerned. In the case of permeability measurements on core samples, it is reached
when the flow rate, the upstream and the downstream pressures no longer change with
time. Name it!
Answer : Steady State

5. This country briefly surpassing Nigeria to become the number one exporter of oil in
Africa in 2009 and an OPEC member since 2007, named the second largest exporter
of oil in Africa !
Answer : Angola

6. It is naturally-occurring, inflammable organic matter formed from kerogen in the

process of petroleum generation that is soluble in carbon bisulfide. It is includes
hydrocarbons such as asphalt and mineral wax. Typically solid or nearly so, brown or
black, and has a distinctive petroliferous odor. What is it ?
Answer : Bitumen

7. A blowout preventer (BOP) closing element fitted with hardened tool steel blades
designed to cut the drillpipe or tubing when the BOP is closed, and then fully close to
provide isolation or sealing of the wellbore is called
Answer : shear ram

8. The level which the static fluid level drops in the tubing or casing when the well
produced under pumping conditions also called the pumping fluid level is
called
Answer : Dynamic Fluid Level

9. The set of measurements normally carried out on core plugs or whole core. These
generally include porosity, grain density, horizontal permeability, fluid saturation and
a lithologic description. What is this core measurement called?
Answer : Routine Core Analysis

10. When was the Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill tragedy happened?
Answer : April 20th 2010
11. What is a depression in the crust of the Earth, caused by plate tectonic activity and
subsidence, in which sediments accumulate and it can be bounded by faults ?
Answer : Basin
12. This job is usually a senior, experienced individual who has worked his way up
through the ranks of the drilling crew positions. This job is largely administrative,
including ensuring that the rig has sufficient materials, spare parts and skilled
personnel to continue efficient operations. What is the job?
Answer : Toolpusher

13. What is the device attached to the tubing, used to inject amount of gas to the tubing
trough casing/tubing annulus to lower fluid gradient in the tubing?
Answer : Gas lift valve

14. The process of forcing a nonwetting phase into a porous rock. Oil migrates into most
reservoirs as the non-wetting phase, so this process is an initial charging of the
reservoir. What is the process?
Answer : Drainage

15. This organization serving of an information source of statistics about the international
oil market and other energy. What is IEA stand for?
Answer : International Energy Agency
16. A body of rock whose fluid saturation, porosity and permeability permit the flow and
production of groundwater is called
Answer : Aquifer

17. A device that turns the drillstring, consists of one or more motors connected with
appropriate gearing to a short section of pipe called a quill, that in turn may be
screwed into a saver sub or the drillstring itself. It is suspended from the hook, so the
rotary mechanism is free to travel up and down the derrick. It enables the driller to
quickly engage the pumps or the rotary while tripping pipe, which cannot be done
easily with the kelly system. What is the device?
Answer : Top Drive

18. What is the term for the the zone of reduced or enhanced permeability around a
wellbore caused by mud-filtrate invasion during drilling or perforating, or by well
stimulation ?
Answer : Skin

19. An instrument that records the flow rate of gas through a pipeline. The flow rate is
calculated from the pressure differential created by the fluid passing through it and
other parameters such as static pressure, temperature, density of the fluid and size of
the pipe is called .
Answer : Orifice Meter
20. What is IUGG stand for?
Answer : International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
21. A material composed of clay minerals, predominantly montmorillonite with minor
amounts of other smectite group minerals, commonly used in drilling mud and swells
considerably when exposed to water is called.
Answer : Bentonite

22. A condition whereby the drillstring cannot be moved (rotated or reciprocated) along
the axis of the wellbore typically occurs when high-contact forces caused by the
difference of reservoir pressures and wellbore pressures are exerted over a sufficiently
large area of the drillstring is called
Answer : differential sticking

23. The portion of movement of a downhole pump at which the rods are going down and
the downhole pump is being filled with fluid is called
Answer : Downstroke

24. The recording of information about subsurface geologic formations, including records
kept by the driller and records of mud and cutting analyses, core analysis, drill stem
tests, and electric, acoustic, and radioactivity procedures. Name it!
Answer : Well Logging

25. One of the pioneer companies in electric well logging, named for the French scientist
who first developed the method. What is the companies?
Answer : Schlumberger
26. It is a geologic surface that separates younger strata from older strata and represents a
time of nondeposition, possibly combined with erosion. It is highly irregular whereas
others have no relief and can be difficult to distinguish within a series of parallel
strata. What is it?
Answer : Disconformity

27. A heavy, thick-walled tube, usually steel, used between the drill pipe and the bit in the
drill string to provide weight to the bit called?
Answer : Drill Collar

28. It is a device to remove dirt, water, foreign matter, or undesired liquids that are part of
the gas flowstream and air can be used to absorb water, also an oil bath might be
useful to remove dust, dirt or other liquids. What is the device?
Answer : Scrubber
29. An activities that conducted to monitor, recording and analyze of drilling parameter
datas, circulating parameter and also gas detection in real time during drilling
processes. What is it called?
Answer : Mud Logging.

30. What does LMTD stand for?

Answer : Logarithmic Mean Overall Temperature Difference

31. This is the characteristics of a rock unit that reflect its origin and permit its
differentiation from other rock units around it and usually characterized using all the
geological characteristics known for that rock unit. In reservoir characterization and
reservoir simulation, its properties that are most important are the petrophysical
characteristics that control the fluid behavior in the rock. What is this ?
Answer : Facies

32. The adapter between the first casing string and either the BOP stack during drilling or
the wellhead after completion. This adapter may be threaded or welded onto the
casing, and may have a flanged or clamped connection to match the BOP stack or
wellhead is called.
Answer : Casing head

33. The level which fluid rises in a well when the well is shut in and the hydrostatic head
of this fluid is equal to the well bottomhole pressure is called...
Answer : Static Fluid Level

34. The recoverable amount of hydrocarbon initially in place by the displacement

mechanism, normally expressed as a percentage is called ..
Answer : Recovery Factor

35. Which country has the largest heavy oil reserves?

Answer : Canada
36. It is a basin- or trough-shaped fold in rock in which rock layers are downwardly
convex. The youngest rock layers form the core of the fold and outward from the core
progressively older rocks occur. It is typically do not trap hydrocarbons because fluids
tend to leak up the limbs of the fold. What is it?
Answer : Syncline

37. A rubber plug used to separate the cement slurry from other fluids, reducing
contamination and maintaining predictable slurry performance. Two types of
cementing plug typically used on a cementing operation are the bottom plug top plug.
What is it?
Answer : cementing plug
38. It is the ratio of water produced compared to the volume of total liquids produced. In
waterdrive reservoirs can reach very high values. What is it?
Answer : Water cut

39. A method of thermal recovery in which fire is generated inside the reservoir by
injecting a gas containing oxygen, such as air. A special heater in the well ignites the
oil in the reservoir and starts a fire. The heat generated by burning the heavy
hydrocarbons in place produces hydrocarbon cracking, vaporization of light
hydrocarbons. What is the method?
Answer : In situ combustion

40. Drilled from the shore and extending out into the sea, the longest extended-reach well
in the world reaches a measured depth of 37.001 feet and is located in the largest
onshore oilfield in Western Europe. The name of this field is Wytch Farm. In which
country is this field located?
Answer : United Kingdom

41. The process of creation, transportation and deposition of sediments is ?

Answer : Sedimentation

42. The machine on the rig consisting of a large-diameter steel spool, brakes, a power
source and assorted auxiliary devices. The primary function of it is to reel out and reel
in the drilling line, a large diameter wire rope, in a controlled fashion. What is it?
Answer : Drawworks

43. A mathematical tool used in production engineering to assess well performance by

plotting the well production rate against the flowing bottomhole pressure (BHP). The
data required obtained by measuring the production rates under various drawdown
pressures. What is it?
Answer : IPR (Inflow Performance Relationship)

44. Oil that does not move when fluids are flowed through the rock in normal conditions,
for example primary and secondary recovery, and invasion is called.
Answer : Residual Oil

45. What does IADC Stand for?

Answer : International Association of Drlling Contractors.
46. The azimuth of the intersection of a plane, such as a dipping bed, with a horizontal
surface is called..
Answer : Strike

47. A lack of mud returning to the surface after being pumped down a well and occurs
when the drill bit encounters natural fissures, fractures or caverns, and mud flows into
the newly available space is called
Answer : Lost Circulation

48. The act of forcing a device through a pipeline for the purposes of displacing or
separating fluids, and cleaning scale or inspecting the pipeline is called.
Answer: Pigging

49. A well-stimulation operation in which acid, usually hydrochloric , is injected into a

carbonate formation at a pressure above the formation-fracturing pressure. Flowing
acid tends to etch the fracture faces in a nonuniform pattern, forming conductive
channels that remain open without a propping agent after the fracture closes. Name it!
Answer : Fracture Acidizing

50. This organization include of exploration engineer to measure and determine the
seismic, earth and promoting the science and education of geophysics called SEG.
What does SEG stand for?
Answer : Society of Exploration Geophysicists
51. It is an angle between a planar feature, such as a sedimentary bed or a fault, and a
horizontal plane. This angle makes with a horizontal plane and the angle being
measured in a direction perpendicular to the strike of the plane. What is it ?
Answer : Dip

52. A flow of formation fluids into the wellbore during drilling operations caused by the
pressure in the wellbore being less then formation pressure is
Answer : Kick

53. The repressuring of oil fields from the beginning of operation in order to maintain the
original pressure. Also, a method for increasing ultimate oil recovery by injecting gas,
water, or other fluids into the reservoir before reservoir pressure has dropped
appreciably, usually early in the life of the field, to reduce or eliminate a decline in
pressure. But material of injection doesnt inject to oil zone. Name it!
Answer : Pressure Maintenance
 54. Crude oil with high viscosity (typically above 10 cp), and high specific gravity. The
API classifies the crudes with a gravity below 22.3 API. In addition to high viscosity
and high specific gravity, heavy oils typically have low hydrogen-to-carbon ratios,
high asphaltene, sulfur, nitrogen, and heavy-metal content. Name it!
Answer : Heavy oil

55. What is Stand for of AGA?

Answer : American Gas Association
56. This is the change of preexisting rocks or minerals caused by the activity of hot
solutions, such as fluids accompanying or heated by magma. Quartz, serpentine and
chlorite are minerals commonly associated with it. What is it?
Answer : Hydrothermal Alteration

57. A downhole device used in almost every completion to isolate the annulus from the
production conduit, enabling controlled production, injection or treatment is
Answer : Packer

58. A vertical or horizontal separator used mainly to remove any free water that can cause
problems such as corrosion and formation of hydrates or tight emulsions, which are
difficult to break and commonly called a three-phase separator because it can separate
gas, oil and free water is called
Answer : FKWO (Free Water Knock Out)

59. A treatment performed to restore or enhance the productivity of a well. The treatments
fall into two main groups, hydraulic fracturing treatments and matrix treatments.
What is it?
Answer : Well Stimulation

60. Where is the headquarters of ExxonMobil complete address?

Answer : Irving, Texas, USA

1. An invert-emulsion mud, or an emulsion which continuous phase is oil. What is it?

Answer : Oil Base Mud

BONUS QUESTION

What is the function of drilling mud? Mention five of it

Answer :

1. Lift up the cutting into surface,

 2. As cooler and lubricant for bit and drillstring,

3. Make a wall on borehole with mudcake,

4. Formation pressure control,

5. Logging media,

6. Getting information (Mud log, Sample Log),

7. Withstanding some heavy drillpipe and casing (Bouyancy Effect),

8. Reducing the negative effects on the formation

2. A type of a sucker rod-pumping unit that uses a rotor and a stator. The rotation of the rods
by means of an electric motor at surface causes the contained fluid to flow upward. What
kind of production system is it?
Answer : Progressive Cavity Pumping System

BONUS QUESTION

Mention five types of Artificial Lift ?

Answer : 1) Sucker-Rod Pump, 2) Electric Submersible Pump (ESP), 3) Progressive
Cavity Pumping, 4) Gas Lift, 5) Hydraulic pumping, 6) Jet Pump

3. What is the terminology for ratio of gas density to dry air density with both measured at
the same temperature and pressure?
Answer : Gas Specific Gravity

BONUS QUESTION
Calculate the gas specific gravity in lb/lb-mol, if known the apparent molecular weight
(Ma) = 19,97 lb/lb-mol
Answer : 0,689
g = (Ma/Mair) = (19,97/29) = 0,689 lb/lb-mol

4. The total amount of revenue that a host government receives from production. This
amount can include taxes, royalties and government participation is called.
Answer : Government Take
 BONUS QUESTION
A portion of produced oil that the operator applies on an annual basis to recover defined
costs specified by a production sharing contract is called
Answer : Cost Oil

5. What A type of deliverability test conducted in gas wells to generate a stabilized gas
deliverability curve (IPR)?
Answer : Flow After Flow Test

BONUS QUESTION :
What called The predominant flow geometry reflected in a pressure-transient response
that is most easily recognized in the log-log presentation of the pressure-change
derivative?
Answer : Flow regime

6. CMC is a mud additive. The structure of CMC is a long-chain molecule that can be
polymerized into different length or grades. What does CMC stands for?
Answer : Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose

BONUS QUESTION
Mention 2 function of CMC as the drilling mud additive?

Answer :

- Fluid-loss Control Agent

- To raise mud viscosity.

7. A measure unit which describes the permeability of a porous medium through which the
passage of one cubic centimeter of fluid having one centipoise of viscosity flowing in
one second under a pressure differential of one atmosphere where the porous medium has
a cross-sectional area of one square centimeter and a length of one centimeter. What is it?
Answer : Darcy Law

BONUS QUESTION
Mention four of six assumptions for the Darcy equation !
Answer :
The flow is laminar
The fluid is homogeneous, saturated 100% by only one type of fluid
 No reaction occurs between the fluid with the rock
The condition of steady state flow
Incompressible fluid
Isothermal

8. What is it called? the average reading of the spontaneous potential (SP) log opposite the
shale layers in a well?
Answer : Shale Baseline.

BONUS QUESTION :
Mention 3 kinds of log to measure rock porosity!
Answer : Neutron Log, Density Log, Sonic Log.

9. An area of the subsurface where source rock has reached appropriate conditions of
pressure and temperature to generate liquid hydrocarbons as opposed to gas. What is it
called?
Answer : Oil kitchen

BONUS QUESTION :
10. The portion of a reservoir where the oil saturation is increased because of the application
of an improved oil recovery method. What is it called?
Answer : Oil bank

11. The amount of production, after deducting cost oil production allocated to costs and
expenses, that will be divided between the participating parties and the host government
under the production sharing contract. What is it?
Answer : Profit Oil

BONUS QUESTION
The amount of local personnel, material and services that working interest owners are
required to employ when drilling and operating a well, as specified under the terms of a
concession agreement is called
Answer : Local Content

12. A large valve at the top of a well that may be closed if the drilling crew loses control of
formation fluids. By closing this valve usually operated remotely via hydraulic actuators,
the drilling crew usually regains control of the reservoir, and procedures can then be
initiated to increase the mud density. What tools is it?
Answer : Blowout Preventer
 BONUS QUESTION
Mention three types of Ram Preventer !
Answer :
Pipe Ram
Shear Ram
Blind Ram

13. A type of fluid flow characterized by swirling or chaotic motion as the fluid moves along
the flow path. This is a preferred flow regime for mud removal during primary
cementing because it is perceived to result in better removal of mud
Answer : Turbulent flow

BONUS QUESTION
This is multiphase-fluid flow regime characterized by a series of liquid plugs separated by
a relatively large gas pockets. In vertical flow, the bubble is an axially symmetrical bullet
shape that occupies almost the entire cross-sectional area of the tubing. The resulting flow
alternates between high-liquid and high-gas composition. Name this type of flow !
Answer : Slug Flow

14. The process of cutting a vertical, cylindrical sample of the formations encountered as an
oilwell is drilled. The purpose of coring is to obtain rock samples, or cores, in such a
manner that the rock retains the same properties that it had before it was removed from
the formation. What is it?
Answer : Coring

BONUS QUESTION :
Mention 3 properties of rock from Special Core Analysis!
Answer :

- Relative permeability
- Compressibility
- Capillary Pressure
- Wettability

15. What is it? Time required to perform circulation or mud pumps tracer down through the
bottom of the drill holes.
Answer : Lag time

BONUS QUESTION
If given data :
Pump output = 500 bbl/min
Volume of annulus = 25 bbl/ft
Depth = 3000 ft
Calculate the lag time in hours!
Answer : 2,5 hours
 Annulus Velocity = (500/25) = 20 ft/min

Lag Time = (3000/20) = 150 min = 2,5 hours

16. A term that used to describe the net inflow and outflow of money during a specified
period of time such as a month, a quarter, or a year in oil and gas industry is called..
Answer : Cash Flow

BONUS QUESTION

A cost with related by making or using things which is not affected by depreciation such
as drilling fluid, logging and others is..

Answer : Intangible cost (Non Capital Cost)

17. Although many acid compounds are available to the oil industry, mention 2 inorganic
acid are commonly used in acidizing
Answer :
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl).
Hydrofluoric Acid (HF).

BONUS QUESTION
Mention four organic acids are most commonly in acidizing.
Answer :

Acetic Acid
Glacial Acetic Acid.
Acetic Anhydride.
Citric Acid.
Formic Acid
18. A mathematical means of expressing the ability of a reservoir to deliver fluids to the
wellbore and usually stated as the volume delivered per psi of drawdown at the sandface
(bbl/d/psi) is called..
Answer : Productivity Index

BONUS QUESTIONS
Mention 4 parameters which can influence Productivity index?
Answer :
- Rock Permeability
- Oil formation volume factor
- Gas formation volume factor
- Oil Compressibility
- Water Compressibility
- Fluid Flow Regime
- Single Phase Flow(Oil, Gas) and Two Phases (O+G, O+W, G+W)
- Three Phases Flow (O+G+W)
- Fluid Saturation Distribution
- Reservoir Drive Mechanism
- Formation Damage (Skin)

19. A method of improved recovery in which water is injected into a reservoir to remove
additional quantities of oil that have been left behind after primary recovery. Whats
name of this method?
Answer : Waterflooding

BONUS QUESTION:
Look at the picture !

Information :
= Production Well
= Injection Well

What type pattern of Injection Well from this picture above ?

Answer : Normal Five spot injection

20. What is the condition when the permeability around the well is higher than permeability
of the formation
Answer : Negative skin factor/improved wellbore condition

BONUS QUESTION :
Calculate the skin factor resulting from the invasion of the drilling fluid to a radius of 2
ft. The permeability of the skin zone is estimated at 20 md as compared with the
unaffected formation permeability of 60 md. The wellbore radius is 0,25 ft.
Answer: 4,16
21. A budgetary document, usually prepared by the operator, to list estimated expenses of
drilling a well to a specified depth, casing point or geological objective, and then either
completing or abandoning the well. What is it?
Answer : Authority For Expenditure (AFE)

BONUS QUESTION
The costs associated with abandoning a well or production facility. Such costs are
specified in the authority for expenditure (AFE), and typically cover the plugging of
wells; removal of well equipment, production tanks and associated installations; and
surface remediation is called
Answer : Abandonment Costs

22. This tool has circular shape like a ring or annulus that located at the very top of the BOP
stack that works to close the well. What is the name of this tools?
Answer : Annular Preventer

BONUS QUESTION
Mention three techniques mainly available in kick control procedures!
Answer :
- Drillers Method
- Engineers Method
- Volumetric Method.

23. The pumping of acid into the wellbore to remove near-well formation damage and other
damaging substances. This procedure commonly enhances production by increasing the
effective well radius. Name it!
Answer : Acidizing

BONUS QUESTIONS
Mention 3 kinds of acidizing!
Answer : matrix acidizing, acid fracturing, acid washing
24. A changing process of model parameter and reservoir data used in the construction in
order to establish suitability between a model and actual condition based on accurate data
during a certain period is
Answer : History matching

BONUS QUESTION :
Name the two types of boundary conditions that allow for reservoir simulators to solve
the differential equations that describe fluid flow!

Answer :
1). Neumann (boundary condition described by a normal derivative)
2) Dirichlet (boundary condition described by a constant value)

25. The process of absorbing a wetting phase into a porous rock. This process is important in
a waterdrive reservoir because it can advance or hinder water movement, affecting areal
sweep. Name it!
Answer : Imbibition

BONUS QUESTION :
A rock condition Pertaining to the preference of a solid to be in contact with an oil phase
rather than a water or gas phase. This rock condition preferentially imbibe oil. Generally,
polar compounds or asphaltenes deposited from the crude oil onto mineral surfaces cause
this condition. What is it?
Answer : Oil Wet

26. A fine paid to the host country for failure to attain specified production rates over a
defined period of time is called .
Answer : Production Penalty

BONUS QUESTION
A payment by a well operator to a host country upon achievement of certain levels of
production is called
Answer : Production Bonus

27. PAC is a modified natural polymer designed for use in most water-base system, including
freshwater, seawater, salt, and low-solids mud. What does PAC stand for?
Answer : Poly Anionic Cellulose (PAC).

BONUS QUESTION

A chemical additive that reduces the cement slurry viscosity to improve fluid flow
characteristics. Adequately dispersed cement slurries exhibit improved fluid-loss control,
 can displace drilling fluid more efficiently and be successfully mixed and pumped at
higher densities. What kind of additive is it?

Answer : Dispersants.

28. The measurement and analysis of bottomhole pressure data acquired after a producing
well is shut in. Soon after a well is shut in, the fluid in the wellbore usually reaches a
somewhat quiescent state in which bottomhole pressure rises smoothly and is easily
measured. This allows interpretable test results. What is the name of the well testing?
Answer : Presure Build Up

BONUS QUESTION
Mention five parameters obtained from analysis of pressure build-up!
Answer :
1. Permeability (k)
2. Skin Factor (Damage or formation repair)
3. Produktivity Index (PI)
4. Static Pressure (P*)
5. The average Reservoir Pressure(P)

29. This reservoirs are characteristically bounded by and in communication with aquifers.
As pressure decreases during pressure depletion, the compressed waters within the
aquifers expand and overflow into the petroleum reservoir. What kind of reservoir it is?
Answer : Waterdrive reservoirs

BONUS QUESTION
Mention four characteristic of water drive mechanism!
Answer :
- reservoir pressure is above Bubble point pressure
- low gas oil ratio (GOR).
- oil recovery from 35 % to 75 %
- Early increasing water production from downdip wells
- Flat to gradual production and pressure declines
- Aquifer volume at least 10 times greater than reservoir volume
- Quality of aquifer pore geometry comparable to reservoir pore geometry
- Gradually to rapidly increasing water production late in life of reservoir

30. A small-diameter channel worn into the side of a larger diameter wellbore. This can
be the result of a sharp change in direction of the wellbore (a dogleg), or if a hard
formation ledge is left between softer formations that enlarge over time. When larger
 diameter drilling tools such as tool joints, drill collars, stabilizers, and bits are pulled
into the channel, their larger diameters will not pass and the larger diameter tools may
become stuck in it. What kind of pipe stuck is it?
Answer : Keyseat/Keyseating

BONUS QUESTION
Determine the depth of pipe stuck in feet using the following data :
Free Point Constant = 4530
25 in. of stretch with 20000 lb of pull force.
Answer : 5663 ft

strech x free point constant

feet of stuck pipe=
pull force thousand of pound

25 x 4530
feet of stuck pipe= =5663 ft
20

31. The volume close to the borehole wall in which all of the moveable fluids have been
displaced by mud filtrate. This zone contains filtrate and the remaining hydrocarbons.
What is the name of the zone ?
Answer : Flushed zone

BONUS QUESTION
Mention four parameters obtained in Uninvaded Zone!
Answer :
- Rt (True Resistivity)
- Rw (Water Resistivity)
- Sw (Water Saturation)
- Rs (Resistivity of the Uninvaded Zone)

32. The pressure exerted by a body of fluid at rest. It increases directly with the density and
the depth of the fluid and is expressed in many different units, including pounds per
square inch or kilopascals. What pressure is it?
Answer : Hydrostatic pressure

BONUS QUESTIONS:
Calculate the hydrostatic pressure in Psi for 15,000 ft depth and 15.0-lb/gal mud density !
Answer : 11,700 psi
Hydrostatic pressure = 0.052 X 15.0Ib/gal x 15,000 ft = 11,700 psi
33. The most common test sequence consists of a short flow period, perhaps five or ten
minutes, followed by a buildup period of about an hour that is used to determine initial
reservoir pressure.This is followed by a flow period of 4 to 24 hours to establish stable
flow to the surface, if possible, and followed by the final shut-in or buildup test that is
used to determine permeability thickness and flow potential. What is type of the test?
Answer : Drill Stem Test

BONUS QUESTION

Mention five operation stages in DST (Drillstem Test) !

Answer:
1. Going in hole
2. Making test
3. Taking closed in pressure
4. Equalizing
5. Reversing

34. This is an advanced version of the sidewall sampling tool. Instead of firing a bullet into
the formation, an assembly is used to drill a sample from the borehole wall, thereby
helping to preserve the rock structure for future geological or petrophysical analysis.
What is it called?
Answer : Sidewall Coring.

BONUS QUESTION:
Determine of Total Porosity if,
Sand grain density : 22,2 pound per gallon (ppg)
Weight of dry sample in air : 20 gram
Bulk Volume of Sample : 9,9 cc
Answer : 24,24%
Sand grain density = 22,2/8,33 = 2,67 gram/cc

Weight of dry sampleair 20

Grain volume of sample= = =7,5 cc
sand grain density 2,67

Bulk VolumeGrain volume 9,97,5

Total Porosity= x 100= x 100=24,24
bulk volume 9,9

35. When oil is produced, the high reservoir temperature and pressure decreases to surface
conditions and gas bubbles out of the oil. Oil reserves are calculated in terms of stock
tank oil volumes rather than reservoir oil volumes. The ratio of stock tank volume to oil
volume under reservoir conditions is called..
 Answer : The Oil Formation Volume Factor (Fvf)/ Bo

BONUS QUESTION :

Calculate the oil formation volume factor with Material Balance Equation.

If known :

API gravity oil = 47,1

Rs (gas solubility) = 751 scf/STB

g (Specifik Gravity Gas) = 0,851

o (Oil Density) = 37 lb/cuft

Answer : 1,57 bbl/STB

36. What is kind of rocks in geothermal system that lies beneath the earths surface that dont
have meteoric or juvenile water supplied to them by an aquifer/ or any other source?
Answer: Dry Rock

BONUS QUESTION
Geothermal regions with adequate heat flow to fuel power plants are found in rift zones,
subduction zones and mantle plumes. Hot spots are characterized by geothermal
elements. Mention 4 geothermal elements!
Answer:
- Heat Source
- Reservoir
- Geothermal Fluid
 - Recharge
- Manifestation

37. The technology focused on maintaining pressure on open formations to prevent or direct
the flow of formation fluids into the wellbore. This technology encompasses the
estimation of formation fluid pressures, the strength of the subsurface formations and the
use of casing and mud density to offset those pressures in a predictable fashion. Also
included are operational procedures to safely stop a well from flowing should an influx
of formation fluid occur. What is it?
Answer : Well Control

BONUS QUESTION:
Reservoir pore fluid pressure that is not similar to normal saltwater gradient pressure.
The term is usually associated with higher than normal pressure, increased complexity
for the well designer and an increased risk of well control problems. This condition is
called.
Answer : Abnormal pressure

38. This test is simply a series of bottom-hole pressure measurements made during a period
of flow at constant producing rate. Usually the well is shut in prior to the flow test for a
period of time sufficient to allow the pressure to equalize throughout the formation. What
kind of test is it?
Answer : Pressure Drawdown test

BONUS QUESTION :

Mention 4 parameters obtained from analysis of pressure drawdown test.

Answer :

Pressure profile
Reservoir behavior
Permeability
Skin
Fracture length
Reservoir limit and shape

39. A log of porosity based on the effect of the formation on fast neutrons emitted by a
source. Hydrogen has by far the biggest effect in slowing down and capturing neutrons.
Since hydrogen is found mainly in the pore fluids, this log responds principally to
porosity. What is it?
Answer : Neutron Porosity Log / Neutron Log
 BONUS QUESTION :
Estimate the Density of sandstone on condition Salt Water using the following data from
Density Log Data if known bulk density 2.4 gr/cc.
Answer : 0.16129
ma - b 2.65 2.4
ma - f 2.65 1.1
FDL = = = = 0.16129

40. The conditions at which the first bubble of gas comes out of solution in oil. This
condition is called?
Answer : bubble-point

BONUS QUESTION
Calculate the oil flow rate in STB/day at the bubble-point pressure. If Given data:
Bubble-point pressure is 2130 psig.
The current average reservoir pressure is 3000 psig.
Available flow test data shows that the well produced 250 STB/day at a stabilized pwf of
2500 psig.
Answer : 435 STB/day

41. What kind of rock that usually considered as a geothermal reservoir?

Answer: Igneous Rock.

BONUS QUESTION

Look at the picture! What is this geothermal system type?

Answer: Steam Dominated System/Vapour Dominated

42. This is consisting of alumina, silica, lime, and other substances that hardens when mixed
with water. Extensively used in the oil industry to bond casing to the walls of the
wellbore. What is it?
Answer : Cement

BONUS QUESTION
It is a sonic log that determines the top of the cement column and estimates the quality of
the cement bond between the casing and the formation. It works on transmission of a
sound wave and identifies areas that conduct the wave and those that do not (free pipe
ringing). What kind of log is it?
Answer : Cement Bond Log

43. When the permeability around the well is higher than permeability of the formation, This
indicates an improved wellbore condition. What is it?
Answer : Negative skin factor

BONUS QUESTION:
Calculate the skin factor resulting from the invasion of the drilling fluid to a radius of 2
ft. The permeability of the skin zone is estimated at 20 md as compared with the
unaffected formation permeability of 60 md. The wellbore radius is 0.25 ft.
Answer : 4.16

44. A light aromatic hydrocarbon, which occurs naturally as a part of oil and natural gas
activity. Its conthresold carcinogen and is an occupational and public health concern.
What is that?
Answer : Benzene
BONUS QUESTION :
A type of compound containing hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a symmetrical 6-
carbon ring structure with single and double bonds alternating around the ring. Rings are
single, multiple or fused and can have other chemical groups attached in place of
hydrogen. What kind of hydrocarbon is it?
Answer : Aromatic Hydrocarbon
45. The fraction of movable oil that has been recovered from the swept zone at any given
time. It is the definition of?
Answer : Displacement Efficiency

BONUS QUESTION
Given data:
Core analysis tests indicate that the initial oil saturations are 70%, respectively.
Calculate the displacement efficiency when the oil saturation is reduced to 35%, Assume
that Bo will remain constant throughout the project life.
Answer : 0.50

Ed = (0.65-0.3)/(1-0.3) = 0.50

46. In the natural gas and petroleum industry, there is a kind of well drilled to intersect an oil
or gas well that has experienced a blowout. Specialized liquid, such as heavy density
drilling mud followed by cement, then pumped down the well in order to stop the flow
from the reservoir in the damaged well. What kind of well is it?
Answer : Relief Well

BONUS QUESTION
Uncontrolled flow of formation fluids from a well to the lower pressured surface and
also known as the continuation of uncontrolled kick is called
Answer : Blowout

47. A generic term used to describe the events and equipment necessary to bring a wellbore
into production once drilling operations have been concluded, including but not limited
to the assembly of downhole tubulars and equipment required to enable safe and efficient
production from an oil or gas well. Name it!
Answer : Well Completion

BONUS QUESTION
A well completion that has no casing or liner set across the reservoir formation, allowing
the produced fluids to flow directly into the wellbore. This type of completion suffers the
 major disadvantage that the sandface is unsupported and may collapse. What type of
completion is this?
Answer : Barefoot/Open Hole Completion

48. Mixture of water and special additives circulating within the well for the purpose of
cooling the drill-bit, removing rock cuttings and transporting them back up to the
surface, preventing the well wall from caving in, maintaining sufficient pressure at the
well bottom to avoid hydrocarbon blowout. What kind of drilling material is it?
Answer : Drilling mud

BONUS QUESTION
Rate at which cuttings fall back toward the bottom of the well is called
Answer : Slip velocity

49. A reservoir with no apparent outer boundary limit affecting fluid flow during a test
period. Unless an outer boundary, such as a nearby fault, is close to the wellbore, it
usually takes a day or more for outer boundaries to affect well-test results is definition
of?
Answer : Infinite acting reservoir

BONUS QUESTION :
A test which pressure variation with time recorded in observation wells resulting from
changes in rates in production or injection wells. In commercially viable reservoirs, it
usually takes considerable time for production at one well to measurably affect the
pressure at an adjacent well. What kind of welltest is it?
Answer : Interference test

50. In petroleum economic analysis contained the term NPV. What does NPV stand for?
Answer : Net Present Value

BONUS QUESTION
Mention five kinds of economic indicator in developing a field!
Answer :
1. NPV (Net Present Valuae)
2. ROR (Rate of Return)
3. POT (Pay Out Time)
4. PIR (Profit to investment Ratio)
5. DPIR (Discounted Profit to investment Ratio)

51. A facility which uses geothermal steam or heat to drive turbine-generators to produce
electricity. Three different types make use of the various temperature ranges of
geothermal resources: dry steam, flash and binary is called..
 Answer : Geothermal Power Plant
BONUS QUESTION
The measure of the amount of energy which any technology can convert to useful work;
technology with a higher energy efficiency will require less energy to do the same
amount of work is called
Answer : Energy Efficiency

52. A solids-free liquid used to "complete" an oil or gas well. This fluid is placed in the well
to facilitate final operations prior to initiation of production, such as setting screens
production liners, packers, downhole valves or shooting perforations into the producing
zone. What is it?
Answer : Completion Fluid

BONUS QUESTIONS

The portion of the wellbore that has had metal casing placed and cemented to protect the
openhole from fluids, pressures, wellbore stability problems or a combination of these.
What kind of completion is it?

Answer : Cased Hole

53. The change in oil-water contact or gas-oil contact profiles as a result of drawdown
pressures during production. It si occurs in vertical or slightly deviated wells and is
affected by the characteristics of the fluids involved and the ratio of horizontal to vertical
permeability. This condition is called..
Answer : Coning

BONUS QUESTION :
Mention three forces that may affect fluid flow distributions around the well bores !
Answer :
Capillary forces
Gravity forces
Viscous forces

54. An essential completion technique in use since the 1940s that facilitates production of oil
and natural gas trapped in low-permeability reservoir rocks. The process involves
pumping fluid at high pressure into the target formation, thereby creating small fractures
in the rock that enable hydrocarbons to flow to the wellbore. Whats name of this
method?
Answer : Hydraulic Fracturing
 BONUS QUESTION :
Sand or man-made, sand-sized particles pumped into a formation during a hydraulic
fracturing treatment to keep fractures open so that oil and natural gas can flow through
the fractures to the wellbore. What is the name of this material?
Answer : Proppant

55. A log of the natural difference in electrical potential, in millivolts, between an electrode
in the borehole and a fixed reference electrode on the surface. The magnitude of the
deflection depends mainly on the salinity contrast between drilling mud and formation
water, and the clay content of the permeable bed. This log is therefore used to detect
permeable beds and to estimate formation water salinity and formation clay content.
What kind of log is it?
Answer : Spontaneous Potential Log

BONUS QUESTION
Mention 3 parameters obtained from Spontaneous Potential !
Answer :
- Water resistivity (Rw)
- Porous Layer Thickness
- Rock corelation
- Vclay Evaluation
- To differentiate clean sand and free shale layer

56. A machine that converts mechanical power into electricity by spinning copper
wires/conductors within a magnetic field is called..
Answer : Generator

BONUS QUESTION
A machine for generating rotary mechanical power from the energy of a stream of fluid
(such as water, steam, or hot gas). This machine convert the kinetic energy of fluids to
mechanical energy through the principles of impulse and reaction, or a mixture of the
two is called..
Answer : Turbine

57. The limiting or prevention of motion of the drillstring by anything and can be caused by
junk in the hole, wellbore geometry anomalies, cement, keyseats or a buildup of cuttings
in the annulus. What is this condition called?
Answer : Mechanical Sticking

BONUS QUESTIONS
 A mechanical device used downhole to deliver an impact load to another downhole
component, especially when that component is stuck. There are two primary types,
hydraulic and mechanical. What device is it?
Answer : Jar

58. Small pieces of rock that break away due to the action of the bit teeth. They are screened
out of the liquid mud system at the shale shakers and are monitored for composition,
size, shape, color, texture, hydrocarbon content, and other properties by the mud
engineer. What is it called?
Answer : Cuttings.

BONUS QUESTION :
Mentions 3 ways to determine hydrocarbon content by cutting analysis!
Answer :
1). Odour
2). Staining
3). UV Scanning
4). Solvent Cut
5). Gas Identification

59. A geothermal reservoir system in which subsurface pressures are controlled by steam
rather than by water is called
Answer : Dry-Steam Reservoir

BONUS QUESTION
Superheated steam without a water phase is called..
Answer: Dry Steam

60. This is an intergovernmental organization of 12 oil-producing countries. This

Organization headquarters in Vienna since 1965, and hosts regular meetings among the
oil ministers of its Member Countries. What does it is?
Answer : OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)

BONUS QUESTION

Mention 4 founding members of OPEC!

Answer :

- Iran
- Iraq
- Kuwait
- Saudi Arabia
 - Venezuela.
61. What is the device shaped short cylindrical that installed in the drill stem between the
bottom most drill collar and a downhole motor? Its purpose is to deflect the downhole
motor off vertical to drill a directional hole.
Answer : Bent Sub.

BONUS QUESTION:
Mention 4 deflection tools in drilling operation!
Answer :

1. Badger Bit
2. Spud Bit
3. Bent Sub
4. Knuckle Joint
5. Dyna Drill
6. Turbo Drill

SEMIFINAL IC FIX

1. The relative affinity between individual grains of rock and each fluid that is present in
the spaces between the grains. If oil and water are both present, the water is usually in
contact with the surface of each grain, and the rock is called water-wet. If the oil contacts
the with the surface of rock is called oil-wet. Name it!
Answer : Wettability

2. What is a wedge-shaped device that fits into the casing bushing to hold casing when it is
being worked on?
Answer : Casing Slip

3. A record of the quality of a gravel pack and the quantity of solid particles it contains. its
traditional technique uses a type of nuclear fluid densimeter, with a gamma ray source
and a single detector. The number of gamma rays reaching the detector is inversely
proportional to the gravel pack density. What is it?
Answer : Gravel-Pack Log.

4. An instrument used in sucker-rod pumping to record the variation between the polished
rod load and the polished rod displacement. What instrument is this?
Answer : Dynamometer

5. This disaster happened in 74 days, from August 21, 2009, and continued leaking until
November 3, 2009. This disaster is happening in Timor Sea. Operated by PTTEP
Australasia, what is this disaster usually called?
Answer : Montara Oil Spill, West Atlas platform
1. The stationing of a vessel, especially a drillship or semisubmersible drilling rig, at a
specific location in the sea by the use of computer-controlled propulsion units called
thrusters. Though drilling vessels have varying sea and weather state design conditions,
most remain relatively stable even under high wind, wave and current loading conditions
is called..
Answer : Dynamic Positioning

2. The principle that states at a fixed temperature, the volume of an ideal gas or gases varies
inversely with its absolute pressure. As gas pressure increases, gas volume decreases
proportionately. This Law Called .
Answer : Boyles Law

3. An electrode device with small spacings from which the current flow, and hence the
measurement, is focused a short distance into the formation. This log measures the
resistivity of the flushed zone with minimum influence from the mudcake or the
undisturbed zone. What kind of well log is it?
Answer : Microspherical Log

4. It is a method to predict flow performance on a particular point of a flow system based

on the pressure loss on a flow system into and out of the determined point. What is it?
Answer : Nodal Analysis

5. Non producing consumers is defined as Countries whose oil production is 10% or less of
their consumption. Which Non producing consumers Country that consume most oil per
day?
Answer : Japan

6. What kind of methods of predicting the oil formation volume factor that presented a
graphical correlation for estimating the oil formation volume factor with the gas
solubility, gas gravity, oil gravity, and reservoir temperature as the correlating
parameters?
Answer : Standing Corelation

7. A hydrocyclone much like a desander except that its design incorporates a greater
number of smaller cones. As with the desander, its purpose is to remove unwanted solids
from the mud system. What is this device called as?
 Answer : Desilter

8. The method to measure fluid saturations in a core sample by distillation extraction. The
water in the sample is vaporized by boiling solvent, then condensed and collected in a
calibrated trap. What method is it?
Answer : Dean and strak method

9. It is the measure of amount of water and solids produced along with the produced oil on
a well. What is it?
Answer : Base Sediment and Water

10. The biggest oil spill that happens in Gulf of Mexico, in 2010, what is the offshore
platform name?
Answer : Transocean

6. A rig crew member who handles the upper end of the drill string as it is being hoisted out
of orlowered into the hole. They operate from on top of the derrick (on the 'monkey
board') and guide the stands of drill pipe into the fingers at the top of the derrick while
tripping (removing the drill string) out of the hole. This rig crew member is knonwn
as..
Answer : Derrick man

7. Look at the picture! The highest temperature at which a liquid and vapor can coexist in
equilibrium. What condition is it?

Answer : Crincondentherm

8. What equation that is used to calculate the permeability when the known data are
porosity and connate water saturation derived from the logging operation?
Answer : Timur Equation
9. The pressure within a system caused by fluid friction or an induced resistance to flow
through the system. Most process facilities require a minimum system pressure to
operate efficiently. The necessary of this pressure is often created and controlled by a
valve that is set to operate under the desired range of conditions. What is this condition
called?
Answer : Back pressure

10. What is IPPA stand for?

Answer : Independent Petroleum Association of America

11. A measure of the ease of a fluid to flow through porous media with a certain pressure
gradient or defined as the ratio between effective permeability to fluid viscosity at
reservoir conditions. What is that?
Answer : Fluid Mobility

12. A test to determine the strength or fracture pressure of the open formation, usually
conducted immediately after drilling below a new casing shoe. During the test, the well
is shut in and fluid is pumped into the wellbore to gradually increase the pressure that the
formation experiences. The results of this test dictate the maximum pressure or mud
weight that may be applied to the well during drilling operations. This test is called
as..
Answer : Leak Off Test.

13. The property of some solids and liquids to attract a liquid or a gas to their surfaces. Some
solids, such as activated charcoal or silica gel, are used as surfaces of adhesion to gather
liquid hydrocarbons from a natural gas stream. To complete the process, the solids are
treated with steam to recover the liquid hydrocarbons. This process is called
Answer : Adsorption

14. Tests conducted at a series of different flow rates for the purpose of determining well
deliverability, typically in gas wells where non-Darcy flow near the well results in a rate-
dependent skin effect. What kind of test is it?
Answer : Multiple rate test

15. When and where was the first oil refinery built?
Answer : In Scotland, 1851
16. A procedure as calibration of permeability data obtained from a mini permeameter
device. When using nitrogen gas for core plug measurements, correction is usually
necessary due to the so called gas slippage effect. This takes place when the pore space
approaches the free path of the gas. What is the name of the correction factor?
Answer : Klickenberg Correction

17. This is a velocity gradient measured across the diameter of a fluid-flow channel, be it a
pipe, annulus or other shape. It is the rate of change of velocity at which one layer of
fluid passes over an adjacent layer. Name this velocity gradient!
Answer : Shear rate or rate of shear

18. A tests in an oil or gas well to determine its flow capacity at specific conditions of
reservoir and flowing pressures. The absolute open flow potential (AOFP) can be
obtained from these tests, and then the inflow performance relationship (IPR) can be
generated. This test also is called a productivity test. What test is this?
Answer : Deliverability Test

19. The picture bellow is curve of

Answer : Pump Performance Curve

20. When was ExxonMobil founded?

Answer : November, 30th 1999

1. An electric downhole pump used in heavy oil production that is designed with vane and
fin configurations to accommodate frictional losses and pump efficiencies caused by
heavy oil viscosity. What kind of this pump?
Answer : Electric Submersible Pump (ESP)

BONUS QUESTION
 If an ESP with VSD system running with frequency of 60 hz required power of 390 hp,
how much power required to run the same ESP with frequency of 40 hz?
Answer : 155.56 hp
VSD
ESP x 390 = 155 HP

2. What is the tool that used to grind the junk into small pieces so that the pieces can be
circulated to surface or removed in a junk basket?
Answer : Milling Tool.

BONUS QUESTION
Mention three categories of fishing tool basically!
Answer :
those used to define the geometry and orientations of the fish in the borehole,
those used to recover tubular items (fish)
those used to recover miscellaneous items (junk).

3. Impairment of physical goods or tools with the passage of time and usage. It can be
considered as expenditure, but in the economic calculations performed impairment of the
physical properties of goods or tools are incorporated into the cost recovery. What is the
name of the term in the analysis of the economics of petroleum?
Answer : Depreciation

BONUS QUESTION
Mention five Method of depreciation in petroleum economic analyze are
often used in the petroleum industry!
Answer :
Straight Line Method
Declining Balance Method
Double Declining Balance Method
Unit of Production Method
Sum of the Year Digit Method

4. What is it called, an acoustic device that measures the time required for explosive sound
to echo from annular liquid level in nonflowing wells?
Answer : Sonolog.
 BONUS QUESTION
Mention 2 parameters that can be determined by using sonolog device!
Answer :
- Back Pressure in Formation
- Static Fluid Level in Annulus.

5. A chemical that preferentially adsorbs at an interface, lowering the surface tension or

interfacial tension between fluids or between a fluid and a solid. This term encompasses
a multitude of materials that function as emulsifiers, dispersants, oil-wetters, water-
wetters, foamers and defoamers. What is it?
Answer : surfactant

BONUS QUESTIONS
Mention 3 criteria of surfactant that will be use!
Answer :
A. interfacial tension of water-oil is low
B. low adsorption
C. compatible with reservoir fluids
D. low cost

6. A gas-lift system component that is assembled with the production tubing string to
provide a means of locating gas-lift valves is called ..
Answer : Gas Lift Mandrel

BONUS QUESTION
Mention 4 types of completion on gas lift !
Answer :
a. Open completion
b. Half-closed completion
c. Closed completion
d. Multiple Completion
e. Space Completion
f. Pack off installation

7. A tool designed to drill directionally with continuous rotation from the surface,
eliminating the need to slide a steerable motor. It systems typically is deployed when
drilling directional, horizontal, or extended-reach wells. This device is usually called
Answer : Rotary Steerable System.
BONUS QUESTION
The intentional directional control of a well based on the results of downhole geological
logging measurements rather than three-dimensional targets in space, usually to keep a
directional wellbore within a pay zone. In mature areas, it may be used to keep a wellbore
 in a particular section of a reservoir to minimize gas or water breakthrough and maximize
economic production from the well. What is this?
Answer : Geosteering
8. A grant extended by a government to permit a company to explore for and
produce oil, gas or mineral resources within a strictly defined geographic area,
typically beneath government-owned lands or lands in which the government
owns the rights to produce oil, gas or minerals is called..
Answer : Concession

BONUS QUESTION
The amount of foreign personnel, material and services that working interest owners are
permitted to employ, as defined under the terms of a concession when drilling and
operating a well is called..
Answer: Foreign Content

9. The pressure measurements recorded as a function of time, usually in the wellbore near
the productive interval, after the flow rate of the well is changed. This well test is
primarily used for determining reservoir-rock properties and producing-formation
limits.what kind of testing is it?
Answer : Transient-Pressure Testing

BONUS QUESTION
Mention three type of flow regimes. or flow behaviour that classified in terms of rate of
change of pressure with respect to time?
Answer :
1. Steady State
2. Pseudo-steady state
3. Transient state

10. A hydrocarbon compound that often precipitates on production components as a result of

the changing temperatures and pressures within the production system. It is occur as
wax-like substances that may build up on the completion components and may, if severe,
restrict production. What kind of hydrocarbon compound is it?
Answer : Paraffin

BONUS QUESTIONS
Mention 3 factors that affecting paraffin solubility in crude oil !
Answer :
Pressure, temperature, and composition
11. It is the stage of downhole pumping at which the polished rod is going up and the
downhole pump is pumping fluid. What is this stage called as?
Answer : Upstroke

Bonus Question :
Mention three kind of rod on sucker rod string !
Answer :
a. Sucker rod
b. Pony rod
c. Polish rod
d. Pulling rod

12. The drilling fluid provides a beneficial effect relative to drillstring weight or hook load.
When pipe is lowered into the well, the mud system will support, or buoy, some of the
pipe weight. What is this effect called ?
Answer : Bouyancy Effect

BONUS QUESTION
Determine the buoyancy factor for 11,7 lb/gal mud :
Answer : 0.82
m
BF = 1 - 65.5

11,7
=1- 65.5 = 0.82

13. A incentive that given by the government to the contractor about 17% from gross
revenue is called.
Answer : Investment credit

BONUS QUESTION
What does FTP stand for?
Answer : First Tranche Petroleum

14. A study of rock strata or layers. It is concerned with aspects of the rock layers such as
their succession, age relationships, lithologic composition, geometry, distribution,
correlation, fossil content, and all other aspects of the strata. What is the name of the
study?
 Answer : stratigraphy

BONUS QUESTION
An unconformity represents a break in the stratigraphical record and occurs when changes
in the palaeogeographical conditions lead to a cessation of deposition for a period of
time. Look at the picture ! What type of unconformity is it? (a,b,c, and d)?

Answer:

(a) Non conformity

(b) Angular unconformity
(c) Disconformity
(d) Paraconformity
15. This is the one of method to increase the oil recovery. It degrades hydrocarbon into
smaller molecules so that hydrocarbon can be produced. In this method we inject bacteria
through the injection well.What method is it?
Answer : MEOR (Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery)

BONUS QUESTION
Mention 3 basis mechanism process in MEOR?
Answer :
acid production,
gas production,
surfactant production,
selective plugging,
polimer production and
solvent production.

16. A perforated tubular attached to the subsurface sucker-rod pump that controls the
entrance of gas to increases the efficiency of the subsurface sucker-rod pump. It also
helps to prevent the phenomenon called gas lock. What kind of separator is it?
Answer : bottomhole gas separator
 Bonus Question :
A vessel, with its cylindrical axes parallel to the ground, that is used to separate oil,
gas and water from the produced stream and also to separate two-phase or three-phase
fluid. What is it?
Answer : horizontal separator

17. The process of forcing a cement slurry through holes or splits in the casing or liner.
Once the slurry encounters a permeable formation, the cement solids are filtered out
of the slurry as the liquid phase is forced into the formation matrix in the form of
cement filtrate. A properly designed this operation will fill the relevant holes and
voids with cement filter cake that will cure to form an impenetrable barrier. What kind
of cementing operation is this?
Answer : Sqeueeze cementing

BONUS QUESTION
A rubber which used to separate the cement slurry from other fluids, reducing
contamination and maintaining predictable slurry performance. Two types of this
cementing tools are the bottom and the top. What kind of cementing tools is it?
Answer : cementing plug

18. In petroleum economic analysis contained the term MARR. What does MARR stand
for?
Answer : Minimun Attractive Rate of Return

BONUS QUESTION
What Does DPIR stand for?
Answer: Discounted Profit to investment Ratio

19. This logging tool shows a formations interval transit time. It measures a formations
capacity to transmit sound waves. Geologically, this capacity varies
with lithology and rock textures, notably porosity. What is the name of this log?
Answer : Sonic Log

BONUS QUESTION
Given data:
Type of rock : Sandstone, from sonic log readings travel time of the porous rock 80
sec/ft, Travel time of mud fluid (tf) 189 sec/ft. Matrix of rock Travel time 54
sec/ft.
Calculate the porosity of Sonic Log (s) !
Answer: 0,1925 (19,25 %)
 t log t ma 8054
s = = =0,1925=19,25
t f t ma 18954

20. Look at the picture!

Based on the picture, what condition can be concluded from its straight line?

Answer : Clean Sand Layer.

BONUS QUESTION
Mentions 3 kinds of shale distribution on shally sand layer!
Answer :
- Laminated
- Dispersed
- Structural

21. The log was introduced in the 1960s with the so-called holdup meter. It was mainly used
in three-phase flow, or when fluid-density measurements were insufficiently sensitive to
water at low holdup, or with heavy oil. It can identify water and be scaled in terms of
water holdup. What is it?
Answer : Capitance Log.

BONUS QUESTION
Mention three types of logging equipment belonging to the type of log resistivity tools
Answer :
- Lateral Log
- Induction Log
- Micro Spherical Focus Log.

22. A downhole device that isolates wellbore pressure and fluids in the event of an
emergency or catastrophic failure of surface equipment.
Answer : Downhole Safety Valve (DSV)

BONUS QUESTION
 A downhole device that enables circulation through the tubing string and associated
annulus. As a completion accessory, this valve is included to circulate fluid for well kill
or kickoff. What kind of valve is it?
Answer : unloading valve / circulation valve

23. A rapid increase in pressure downhole that occurs when the drill stem is lowered rapidly
or when the mud pump is quickly brought up to speed after starting is called ?
Answer : Surge Effect

BONUS QUESTION
Compute the surge pressure in Psi due to inertial effects caused by downward 0.5 ft/s2
acceleration of 10000 ft of 10.75 in casing with a closed end through a 12.25 in borehole
containing 10 lbm/gal mud.

Answer : 271 Psi

24. An agreement between the parties to a well and a host country regarding the percentage
of production each party will receive after the participating parties have recovered a
specified amount of costs and expenses is called..
Answer : Production Sharing Contract

BONUS QUESTION
A percentage share of production, or the value derived from production, paid from a
producing well is called..
Answer: Royalty

25. What is it ? Remains, imprints or traces of an ancient organism that have been
preserved in the rock record.
Answer : fossil
 BONUS QUESTION
There has been a plethora of categories for classifying trace fossils. One of
classification is based on the interpretation of what the animal was doing. Mention
3 of that !
Answer :
Grazing (Pascichnia)
Feeding (Fodinichnia)
Dwelling (Domichnia)
Resting (Cubichnia)
Moving (Repichnia)
Predation (Praedichnia)
Gardening ( Agrichnia)

26. What is terminology of a condition/ when the pipes internal pressure/ is greater/ than its
external pressure?
Answer : Burst

BONUS QUESTION
Mention four conditions/ required in casing design!
Answer: (1) Burst, (2) Collapse, (3) Tension, (4) Biaxial Effect.

27. This laws the combination of the volume, temperature, and pressure relationships of
Boyles and Charles laws resulting in the relationship PV=RT. Real gases deviate by
varying amounts from this law. What law is it?
Answer : Ideal Gas Law

BONUS QUESTION
The numerical value of the constant R (Universal Gas Constant) depends on the units
that are pressure is expressed in psia, volume in cubic feet, tempearture in degrees
rankin, and moles in pound moles. Avogadros law states that 1 lb-mole of any ideal gas
occupies 379.4 cuft at 60oF and 14.7 psia. Estimate The numerical value of the constant
R in cuft/ lb-mole oR
Answer: 10.73 psia cuft/ lb-mole oR

28. Look at the picture!

 Generally, there are three kinds of grid models in reservoir simulation, Based on that
picture, what kind of grid is that?
Answer: Orthogonal grid
BONUS QUESTION
Mention 6 in row basic steps of reservoir simulation work!
Answer :
1. Preparation Data
2. inputing data
3. build grid
4. Initialization
5. History Matching
6. Prediction

29. Look at the picture.

What is the name of time region that shown at A, B, and C?

Answer :
A; Early time region
 B: Middle time region
C : Late time region

BONUS QUESTION
From the welltest, determine formation permeability,
If given data:
m : 70 psi/cycle
B : 1,136 RB/STB
Qo : 250 STB/D
o : 0,8 cp
h : 69 ft
Answer: 7,65 md

30. It is the refining process whereby hydrocarbons with heavier molecular weights are
broken down into hydrocarbons with lighter molecular weights / More specifically /
cracking consists of the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors of the
hydrocarbons / This process takes place under very high pressure and temperatures and
through exposure to a chemical catalyst / What is this process called?
Answer: Catalytic Cracking

BONUS QUESTION
What is the refining process / in which crude oil components are separated from each
other through the heating and subsequent cooling and condensing of the fractions?
Answer: Distillation

31. The log was introduced in the 1960s with the so-called holdup meter. It was mainly used
in three-phase flow, or when fluid-density measurements were insufficiently sensitive to
water at low holdup, or with heavy oil. It can identify water and be scaled in terms of
water holdup. What is it?
Answer : Capitance Log.

BONUS QUESTION
 Mention three types of logging equipment belonging to the type of log resistivity tools
Answer :
- Lateral Log
- Induction Log
- Micro Spherical Focus Log.

32. A downhole device that isolates wellbore pressure and fluids in the event of an
emergency or catastrophic failure of surface equipment.
Answer : Downhole Safety Valve (DSV)

BONUS QUESTION
A downhole device that enables circulation through the tubing string and associated
annulus. As a completion accessory, this valve is included to circulate fluid for well kill
or kickoff. What kind of valve is it?
Answer : unloading valve / circulation valve

33. A rapid increase in pressure downhole that occurs when the drill stem is lowered rapidly
or when the mud pump is quickly brought up to speed after starting is called ?
Answer : Surge Effect

BONUS QUESTION
Compute the surge pressure in Psi due to inertial effects caused by downward 0.5 ft/s2
acceleration of 10000 ft of 10.75 in casing with a closed end through a 12.25 in borehole
containing 10 lbm/gal mud.

Answer : 271 Psi

34. An agreement between the parties to a well and a host country regarding the percentage
of production each party will receive after the participating parties have recovered a
specified amount of costs and expenses is called..
Answer : Production Sharing Contract
 BONUS QUESTION
A percentage share of production, or the value derived from production, paid from a
producing well is called..
Answer: Royalty

35. What is it ? Remains, imprints or traces of an ancient organism that have been
preserved in the rock record.
Answer : fossil

BONUS QUESTION
There has been a plethora of categories for classifying trace fossils. One of
classification is based on the interpretation of what the animal was doing. Mention
3 of that !
Answer :
Grazing (Pascichnia)
Feeding (Fodinichnia)
Dwelling (Domichnia)
Resting (Cubichnia)
Moving (Repichnia)
Predation (Praedichnia)
Gardening ( Agrichnia)

36. What is terminology of a condition/ when the pipes internal pressure/ is greater/ than its
external pressure?
Answer : Burst

BONUS QUESTION
Mention four conditions/ required in casing design!
Answer: (1) Burst, (2) Collapse, (3) Tension, (4) Biaxial Effect.

37. This laws the combination of the volume, temperature, and pressure relationships of
Boyles and Charles laws resulting in the relationship PV=RT. Real gases deviate by
varying amounts from this law. What law is it?
Answer : Ideal Gas Law

BONUS QUESTION
The numerical value of the constant R (Universal Gas Constant) depends on the units
that are pressure is expressed in psia, volume in cubic feet, tempearture in degrees
rankin, and moles in pound moles. Avogadros law states that 1 lb-mole of any ideal gas
 occupies 379.4 cuft at 60oF and 14.7 psia. Estimate The numerical value of the constant
R in cuft/ lb-mole oR
Answer: 10.73 psia cuft/ lb-mole oR

38. Look at the picture!

Generally, there are three kinds of grid models in reservoir simulation, Based on that
picture, what kind of grid is that?
Answer: Orthogonal grid
BONUS QUESTION
Mention 6 in row basic steps of reservoir simulation work!
Answer :
7. Preparation Data
8. inputing data
9. build grid
10. Initialization
11. History Matching
12. Prediction

39. Look at the picture.

 What is the name of time region that shown at A, B, and C?
Answer :
A; Early time region
B: Middle time region
C : Late time region

BONUS QUESTION
From the welltest, determine formation permeability,
If given data:
m : 70 psi/cycle
B : 1,136 RB/STB
Qo : 250 STB/D
o : 0,8 cp
h : 69 ft
Answer: 7,65 md

40. It is the refining process whereby hydrocarbons with heavier molecular weights are
broken down into hydrocarbons with lighter molecular weights / More specifically /
cracking consists of the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors of the
hydrocarbons / This process takes place under very high pressure and temperatures and
through exposure to a chemical catalyst / What is this process called?
Answer: Catalytic Cracking

BONUS QUESTION
What is the refining process / in which crude oil components are separated from each
other through the heating and subsequent cooling and condensing of the fractions?
Answer: Distillation
What are the fundamental units of a Stoke and what
property does it measure?
length2/time and kinematic viscosity

What invention was Rueben Baker famous for inventing

that was run at the bottom of a casing string?
Casing Shoe

What is the pore volume of a sample that has a grain

volume of 3 and a porsity of 0.3?
1.28571428571429 porosity = Vv/(Vv+Vg)

Name the individual who introduced the eccentric factor to

the Redlich-Kwan equation of state.
Soave

Name the 4 oxides that make up 95% of Portland Cement.

"Calcium oxide, Silicon dioxide, Aluminum oxide, Ferric
oxide"

"With an estimated recoverable of 9 billion barrels of oil,

this field is one of the worlds deepest onshore supergiant
fields. It is located in Khazakhstan."
Tengiz

"Identify the well intervention method that provides the

ability to work safely under live well conditions with a
continuous string, and enables fluids to be pumped at any
time, regardless of the position or direction of travel"
Coiled Tubing

"According to the BP statistical review of world energy, at

the end of 2010 the Russian federation had the 6th largest
proven oil reserve base. What was the proven oil reserve
base?"
75 billion barrels

List the types of flow regimes that can be used in

underbalanced drilling.
"Dry air, mist, foam, airlift, aerated mud"

What problem plagues bits in some formations where too

much weight on bit is applied?
Bit balling

What is the name of the correlation used for estimating

fracture pressure and pore pressure?
Eaton correlation

Drilling line does not tend to wear uniformely over its

length. The most severe kind of wear occurs at which two
kinds of points?
Pickup points on shivs and lap points on drum of draw works

The largest company in South America appointed its first

female CEO in 2012. Name the CEO of Petrobras.
Maria das Gracas Silver Foster

Which country continues to uphold the first European ban

on hydraulic fracturing as environmentally insensitive?
France

Dake defines compaction drive as the expulsion of

reservoir fluids due to the dynamic reduction of what?
Pore volume

Name the shale play that extends from the north United
States into Saskatchewan Canada.
Bakken

Which chemical is almost always used to alter mud pH level

while drilling?
Lime

Name 5 broad sedimentary environments or associations.

"Continental: alluvial, aeolian, fluvial, lacustrine,
Transitional: deltaic, tidal, lagoonal, beach
Marine: shallow, deep, reef
Other: Evaporite, Glacial"

What was the United States daily average consumption of

petroleum products in 2011?
18.5 million bbl/day

Name 4 methods for preventing or removing hydrates.
"depressurization, heat, chemical inhibition, and mechanical"

What was the global average daily production of oil in

2011?
87 million bbl/day

Name 4 components of a 1 stage refrigeration system.

"Evaporator, condensor, compressor, heat exchanger"

"This class of cement, according to API, is intended for use

at 10000 to 14000 feet at high temperatures and
pressures."
Class J

A blend of lubricating grease that is applied to threads of a

pipe in order to make the joint leak proof and pressure
tight.
Pipe dope

Name the two ions involved in dolomitization.

Calcium and magnesium

"According to OPEC, what is the 2012 estimated daily world

oil demand?"
88 million bbl/day

"The eastern offshore portion of the Wilmington field in

Long Beach, CA consists of 4 man made islands. Which
companies were the original contractors of THUMS Long
Beach Company?"
"Texaco, Humble, Union, Mobil, Shell"

What North African country ranks 9th in world oil reserves?

Libya

Identify yhe classifications of produced hydrocaron liquids

and their associated API gravity rankings.
"Light: API>31.1
Medium: 22.3<API<31.1
Heavy: 10<API<22.3
Extra Heavy or Bitumen: API<10"

"Installed at a depth of 8200 feet, name this FPSO that is

the first of its kind in the Gulf of Mexico"
BW Pioneer

This university won the inaugural PetroBowl in 2002

Texas Tech

Identify two types of fixed cutter drilling bits.

"PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact)
Natural diamond"

This country is still the largest producer of natural gas in

South America according to US Energy Information
Administration
Argentina

Give 2011 Saudia Arabian oil prduction and percent of

world production this represents.
10.4 million bbl/day and 12%

How many members does SPE have as of 2012?

"110,000"

This is defined as the pressure in the wetting phase minus

the pressure in the non-wetting phase.
Capillary Pressure

"According to 2012 BP Statistical Report, name the region

of the world that consumes the most coal and the leading
consumer country in that region."
China

Carbonate sedimentary rock composed of mostly calcite is

known as what?
Limestone

"Name the second largest importer of LNG, behind Japan."

South Korea

Recent discoveries have made Brazil an important

Petroleum producing country. Name the President of
Brazil.
Dilma Rousseff

What is the standard length of drill pipe?

30 feet

"An important region for Gazprom because it produces

95% of Russia's natural gas, name this region that is often
associated with Tundra."
Siberia

Name four flow patterns observed in multiphase flow.

"Bubbly, Slug, Plug, Churn, Stratified, Annular"

An uncontrolled discharge of formation fluid out of the

wellbore
Blowout

"The succesor of Umarau Yar'Adua and the leader of the

administration that has aimed to end fuel subsidies in the
country, name the current president of Nigeria who
assumed his role in 2010"
Goodluck Jonathan

Drilled in October 1947 the historic Ship Shoal Block 32 well

off Southeastern Louisiana gives this company the
distinction of being the company that completed the first
commercial offshore well drilled by a mobile rig out of the
sight of land
Kerr-Mcgee

This artificial system uses a helical screw rotar to formed a

travelling sealed cavity
Progressive Cavity Pump

"The islands of the caribbean basin are predomenantly net

energy importers with the exception of this island, the
largest supplier of LNG to the US and 5th largest exporter
in the world"
Trinidad and Tobago

"The discovery this field, later renamed is his honor, caused
President Luis Ignacio Lula DaSilva to proclaim it a second
independence for the country, discovered by BG group in
2006. Name the original name of the field."
Tupi

"How many lives were lost at Deepwater Horizon Rig on

April 20, 2010"
11

Name up to 4 offshore basins in Brazil

"Campos, Santos, Espirito-Santo, Camamu-Almada"

Who invented the first roller cutter bit in 1909 that

dramatically improved rotary drilling?
"Howard Hughes, Sr."

This is the act of pulling the drill string out of hole or

putting it in the hole.
Tripping

Identify the type of well that is equipped with pressure

monitoring systems to determine the extent of
propogation of the pressure transient from the producing
wells into the reservoir
Observation Well

Which continent is currently the worlds largest petroleum

consumer?
Asia

"Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound was struck on March

24, 1989 by what?"
Exxon Valdez

The US imports about 9 billion barrels of crude oil a year.

Which country is leading supplier to the US?
Canada

"In the US, what is the criterion for an oil or gas well to be
classified as a Stripper Well? State production period and
rate."
"12 months, less than 10 bbl/day oil or 60,000 scf/day"

"The 2nd and 3rd largest oil fields in the world, according to
Forbes, are in Iraq. Name them."
West Qurna and Majnoon

"Linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, the Suez
Canal is an important feature of global shipping lanes,
within half a million bpd, how much crude oil and refined
products go through the Suez?"
1.8 million bpd

This person is considered the father of the petroleum

industry and lived from 1819 to 1880
Colonel Edwin Drake

"In an impressively fast turnaround after 8 months of civil

war, this African nations oil production had recovered by
over 50% within months of the fall of Kadafi in Libya. How
much oil did Libya produce before the war?"
1.6 million bpd

How many days did it take to control the Macondo Well

through intercepting the wellbore with 1 of 2 relief wells?
83 days

What is welded to the first string of casing in the well and

attaches the bop stack to the well?
Casing Heading

Johanas Kuan was a Dutch scientist who discovered this

phenomenon related to condensate reservoirs.
Retrograde Condensation

Name one of the two rigs Shell transported to Alaska in

2012 for Arctic drilling.
Kulluk and Noble Discoverer

How many times per year is SPE magazine The Way Ahead
published?
3

Name the company that owns the worlds biggest refinery

with 1.24 million bpd.
Alliance Industries

Name the Prime Minister of Turkey

Recep Erdogan

"Which large US oil rich formation is described to look like

an oreo cookie, representing to layers of black shale that
leak oil into a central dolomite layer?"
Bakken Shale

Name the completion method which uses limited entry to a

formation in order to stay away from unwanted reservoir
fluids?
Partial Completion

The measure of heat energy to raise the temperature of 1

pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit is known as what?
BTU

Name four mechanisms that cause a reservoir to produce

in it's initial phase.
"Gas Cap Drive, Solution Gas Drive, Gravity Drive, Water Drive
"

Containing 4% of world oil reserves and name this country

covering 1/8 of the world inhabitable land area.
Russia

Name this country known for owning 6.7% of world oil

reserves and hosting the world's tallest building
UAE (United Arab Emirates)

"Based on the degree of reservoir pressure maintenance

provided by the aquifer, the natural water drive is often
qualitatively described using what 3 classification terms?"
"Active, Partial, or Limited Water Drive"

"The analysis of pressure changes over time, especially
those associated with small variations of volume of a fluid,
is called what as it's often related to well testing?"
Pressure Transient Testing

"Name four internation oil companies that have signed

contracts with Kurdistan, in defiance of Baghdad?"
"ExxonMobil, Chevron, BP, Total, Genel Energy"

What is the API gravity of the benchmark crude West Texas

Intermediate
39.6

What was the total depth of Chevron's Knotty Head #1

Discovery Well?
"34,000 feet"

"After a series of discoveries by Cairn Energy over the last

decade, this block in Northwest India produces 175,000
bpd. Name it."
Rajasthan Block

Which European country was second to impose a ban on

hydraulic fracturing?
Bulgaria

"In a deep gas well, when high pressure gas over 7,000 psi
enters the wellbore through perforations in the casing, it
expands with lower pressure but temperature increases.
Name this phenomenon."
Joule-Thompson Effect

"Name the father of Standard Oil destroyer Ida Tarbell,

who's business was destroyed by Standard Oil."
Frank Tarbell

Which city will host ATCE in 2015?

"Houston, TX"

"With proven oil reserves of 175 billion bbl, this country is

known for it's production of heavy hydrocarbons."
Canada

EOR methods can be grouped under 5 categorizes based

on the set characteristics necessary for the EOR method to
be successful. Name them.
"Gas based, water based, thermal, combinations, and other"

In April 2012 the EPA raised the allowable limit in gasoline

of ethanol to what percentage?
15%

The first casing shoe was invented in 1907. Who was the
inventor?
Rueben Baker

"Presiding over a country with a steep decline in oil

production, name the President who assumed authority in
Mexico in 2006"
Felipe Calderon

The Australian oil company Santos is an acronym that

stands for what?
South Australian North Territory Oil Search

With untapped easy oil and proven oil reserves of 115

Billion bbl this country may become a top producer and
exporter alongside Saudi Arabia.
Iraq

"In oilfield lingo, what are workers laying cable and planting
geophones known as?"
Jughustlers

"If an operator signs to pay an exact cost to a contractor,

regardless of any possible new expenses, the transaction is
known as what?"
Turn Key

"According to the standard geologic time scale, what epoch

are we currently in?"
Halocene

In April 2012 the president of the South American land of

Gauchos announced plans to seize control of energy
company YPF away from this international energy
company?
Repsol

Who is the current CEO of ExxonMobil?

Rex Tillerson

"Rank the following from lowest to highet distillation

temperature: Diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, naptha"
"Diesel, jet fuel, naptha, gasoline"

"Name the term that is used to describe the gas

accumulated on the surface of a material, such as the grain
of a reservoir rock, or more particularly the organic
particles in a shale reservoir."
Adsorbed gas

What are the units for the non-Darcy flow coefficient Beta
that is used in Forcheimer's equation?
1/length

"On the Udden-Wentworth classification of grain size, what

lies between pebble and boulder?"
Cobbles

What is the model used to estimate the pressure drop

through perforations for wells that have not been
stimulated?
Macwilliams model (?)

Using real time data a driller can calculate the amount of

energy required per unit volume of rock drilled in
kilopound force per square inch. Name this parameter.
Mechanical specific energy

The chloride concentration in drilling fluids can be

determined by titrating with what chemical solution?
Silver Nitrate Solution

Which aquifer model is based on the premise that the

water influx rate is directly proportional to the pressure
drop between the average aquifer pressure and the
pressure at the reservoir aquifer boundary?
Fetkovich

"In 2009, SPE completed a merger that resulted in the

aqcuisition of 4,500 members worldwide. Name the group
that merged into SPE."
Petroleum Society of Canada

"When was Ecopetrol established, what does it stand for,

and what country is it based in?"
"1948, Empresa Colombiana de Petoleos, Columbia"

The TIW valve on a drilling rig stands for this company

founded in 1917.
Texas Iron Works

What is the name for a cut off in time that has the effect of
eliminating some kinds of noise from seismic data?
Tail mute

Name the man who in 1940 drilled the first directional well?
Robert Richardson

Name the special tool used by the rig crew to prevent the
drill bit from turning.
Bit breaker

Name the schools that have won petrobowl the past 4

years
"Colorado School of Mines, UT, OU"

Hydrates are icelike structures made of what?

Gas and water

What pressure and temperature change conditions lead to

the formation of Natural Gas Hydrates
Increase in pressure and decrease in temperature

"According to API, what class of cement is for use in depths

to 6000 feet under normal conditions?"
Class A

"Refining of crude oil was initially focused on forming this

substance, used primarily in lamps."
Kerosene

"Name the first long distance pipeline, built in 1879 with a

distance of 110 miles through Pennsylvania's Oil Regions"
Tidewater Pipeline

"Name the ""Colonel"" who was the first person to drill and
find oil in 1859."
Colonel Edwin L. Drake

Name the man who led the Pennsylvania Rock Oil

Company into the first production of crude oil.
George Bissell

This city was the site of the first successfully drilled oil well
in 1859
"Titusville, PA"

Name the book and author tat was instrumental in the

break up of Standard Oil into 33 different companies
The History of Standard Oil by Ida Tarbell

The enforcement of this act led to the break up of Standard

Oil into 33 different companies.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act

"The first oil tanker, the Zoroaster, sailed out of this city on
the Caspian Sea in 1878."
"Baku, Russia (Azerbaijan)"

Drilling on this salt dome in 1901 led to the first Texas oil
boom
Spindletop

"This man, known as the ""Oil King of Baku"", challenged

Standard Oil in the European oil markets of the late 19th
century."
Ludwig Nobel

Name the largest importer of LNG

Japan

Name the largest exporter of LNG

Qatar

Name the second largest exporter of LNG

Malaysia

Name the third largest exporter of LNG

Indonesia

"During this process natural gas is condensed and cooled

while harmful components such as dust, acid gas, helium,
water, and heavy hydrocarbons are removed."
Liquefaction

Liquified Natural Gas is stored close to atmospheric

pressure. At what temperature is LNG stored?
-162 Celsius (-260 Fahrenheit)

"Rank these three substances from greatest to least energy

density: LNG, CNG, Diesel"
"Diesel, LNG, CNG"

How much larger is the energy density of LNG compared to

CNG?
LNG is 2.4x more energy density than CNG

LNG's high energy density makes it cost effective to

transport in areas without pipelines. What type of vessel
must be used to transport LNG?
Cryogenic Sea Vessel (Tanker)

This phenomenon refers to the boiling off of LNG to

maintain it's temperature.
Auto-refrigeration

"This country has proven oil reserves of 173.1 billion
barrels, which is the 3rd largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Canada

"This country has proven oil reserves of 297.6 billion

barrels, which is the largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Venezuela

"This country has proven oil reserves of 265.4 billion

barrels, which is the 2nd largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Saudi Arabia

"This country has proven oil reserves of 154.6 billion

barrels, which is the 4th largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Iran

"This country has proven oil reserves of 141.4 billion

barrels, which is the 5th largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Iraq

"This country has proven oil reserves of 101.5 billion

barrels, which is the 6th largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Kuwait

"This country has proven oil reserves of 97.8 billion barrels,

which is the 7th largest according to US Energy Information
Association (2013)"
United Arab Emirates

"This country has proven oil reserves of 80.0 billion barrels,

which is the 8th largest according to US Energy Information
Association (2013)"
Russia

"This country has proven oil reserves of 48.0 billion barrels,

which is the 9th largest according to US Energy Information
Association (2013)"
Libya

"This country has proven oil reserves of 37.2 billion barrels,

which is the 10th largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Nigeria

"This country has proven oil reserves of 30.0 billion barrels,

which is the 11th largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Kazakhstan

"This oil field, discovered in 1948, is thought to be the

largest in the world with about 80 billion barrels of
recoverable oil."
"Ghawar Field, Saudi Arabia"

"In 1946 Kuwait Oil Company started production of this oil

field, the largest sandstone oil field in the world."
Burgan Field

The predecessor company to BP was formed in 1908 after the discovery of a

large oil field in Iran. What was the origional name of this company?

Anglo-Persian Oil Company

What are two types of polymer flooding

Alkaline flooding
Micellar-polymer flooding

What operating pressure differentiates matrix acidizing

from fracture acidizing?
Injection Pressure

What piece of common production facility equipment is

used to remove any free water in the produced oil?
Separator, free-water knockout

Name 7 types of well logs
SP
Gamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic
Density
Dipmeter
Microlog

Name two types of resisitivity logs

Induction, Lateral

Give the equation of cumulative oil recovery

?

To have max flow in a well bore, what pressure condition is

needed? What is this called?
Well Flowing Pressure = 0; Absolute Open Flow Potential

When do you use vogel's equation?

When the wellbore pressure goes below the bubble point
pressure because there are two phases

What are two types of perforating guns?

Casing Guns (hollow Carrier)
Tubing Gun (Expendable Carrier)

What is the density of 40 degree API gravity

51.5 lbm/ft^3

What is the Buckley-Leverette Theory

(for fractional flow of immiscible fluids)

What is the term for a mixture of HF and HCl as the main

fluid in a matrix acidizing treatment
Mud Acid

What piece of equipment is commonly used to dehydrate

produced gas?
Mol Sieve or Glycol Tower

What is the equation for inflow performance relation

J = q0/(Pe-Pwf)

What are three types of commonly recognized decline

curves?
Exponential, Hyperbolic, Harmonic

Which measure of project profability is the discount

(interest) rate at which the net present value equals 0?
rate of return

What is commonly the first step in producing from a coal-

bed methane field?
Dewatering the field

What method converts natual gas to clean diesel?

Gas-to-liquid

What type of reservoir is easily identified by the occurance

of retrograde condensation?
gas condensate

In terms of spatial distrubution in the pore space, what are

the three classifications for clays?
Dispersed, structural, laminated

What is the most common fluid model in non-

compositional simulation?
Black Oil

Which method of heavy oil production aims to upgrade the

oil in-situ?
in-situ-combustion

Interfacial Tension
when immiscible liquids interact with other liquids at an
interface, a similar force exists at the phase boundary
separating the two phases

Define Surface Tension

work done per unit area in expanding surface of a liquid
against its own vapor phase

Name three ways to estimate gas in place
P/z (horner) plots, Material Balance, Volumetrics

What is the original water found in a reservoir called?

connate

What are two types of traps for oil?

Structural, Stratigraphic

What conditions are required for Darcy's Law?

Laminar flow, steady state, non-compressible, complete
segregation

Name 4 points on a binary phase diagram

Critical Point
Bubble Point
Dew Point
Cricondentherm
Cricondenbar

What is a cricondentherm
Max temp at which two phases can exist

What is a cricondenbar
Max pressure at which two phases can exist

What is a newtonian fluid?

...

What is a bingham Plastic?

...

Peak oil is named after which geophysicist?

Hubbert?

Who is the current Saudi Oil Minister?

...

What large australian gas field is being developed as a joint

venture among Chevron, ExxonMobil, and Shell?
Gorgon

What is the second-largest Oil & Gas company in Brazil?
OGX

What is the largest field in Venezuela

Bolivar Costal Field

In what year was petroBras Formed?

1953

Where is the Carioca/Sugarloaf Field?

Brazil

In what basin were the Tupi and Jupiter fields discovered

in?
Santos

What is the national oil company of ecuador

PetroEcuador

What is the name of Poland's gas monopoly?

PGNiG

Who is the EU energy commissioner?

Gunter Oettinger

Which company operates most extensively in France?

Total

What is the name of the well of the BP oil spill?

MC252: Mississippi Canyon 252

What was the date of the BP blowout?

April 22, 2010

What is the name of the rig that blew out in the BP Oil Spill?
Deepwater Horizon

What service company owned Deepwater Horizon?

Transocean

What service was Halliburton providing during the BP

explosion?
Cementing

What was the approximate water depth of the MC252

wellhead?
5000

Who is the CEO of BP America

Bob Dudley

When was teh ExxonValdez Oil Spill

March 24, 1989

Besides the Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf, which is

the largest oil spill in history?
Kuwait, 1991--wells blown by Saddam Hussein

Who is T. Boone Pickens?

...

What are the fundamental units of a Stoke and what

property does it measure?
length2/time and kinematic viscosity

What invention was Rueben Baker famous for inventing

that was run at the bottom of a casing string?
Casing Shoe

What is the pore volume of a sample that has a grain

volume of 3 and a porsity of 0.3?
1.28571428571429 porosity = Vv/(Vv+Vg)

Name the individual who introduced the eccentric factor to

the Redlich-Kwan equation of state.
Soave

Name the 4 oxides that make up 95% of Portland Cement.

"Calcium oxide, Silicon dioxide, Aluminum oxide, Ferric
oxide"

"With an estimated recoverable of 9 billion barrels of oil,

this field is one of the worlds deepest onshore supergiant
fields. It is located in Khazakhstan."
Tengiz

"Identify the well intervention method that provides the

ability to work safely under live well conditions with a
continuous string, and enables fluids to be pumped at any
time, regardless of the position or direction of travel"
Coiled Tubing

"According to the BP statistical review of world energy, at

the end of 2010 the Russian federation had the 6th largest
proven oil reserve base. What was the proven oil reserve
base?"
75 billion barrels

List the types of flow regimes that can be used in

underbalanced drilling.
"Dry air, mist, foam, airlift, aerated mud"

What problem plagues bits in some formations where too

much weight on bit is applied?
Bit balling

What is the name of the correlation used for estimating

fracture pressure and pore pressure?
Eaton correlation

Drilling line does not tend to wear uniformely over its

length. The most severe kind of wear occurs at which two
kinds of points?
Pickup points on shivs and lap points on drum of draw works

The largest company in South America appointed its first

female CEO in 2012. Name the CEO of Petrobras.
Maria das Gracas Silver Foster

Which country continues to uphold the first European ban

on hydraulic fracturing as environmentally insensitive?
France

Dake defines compaction drive as the expulsion of

reservoir fluids due to the dynamic reduction of what?
Pore volume

Name the shale play that extends from the north United
States into Saskatchewan Canada.
Bakken

Which chemical is almost always used to alter mud pH level

while drilling?
Lime

Name 5 broad sedimentary environments or associations.

"Continental: alluvial, aeolian, fluvial, lacustrine,
Transitional: deltaic, tidal, lagoonal, beach
Marine: shallow, deep, reef
Other: Evaporite, Glacial"

What was the United States daily average consumption of

petroleum products in 2011?
18.5 million bbl/day

Name 4 methods for preventing or removing hydrates.

"depressurization, heat, chemical inhibition, and mechanical"

What was the global average daily production of oil in

2011?
87 million bbl/day

Name 4 components of a 1 stage refrigeration system.

"Evaporator, condensor, compressor, heat exchanger"

"This class of cement, according to API, is intended for use

at 10000 to 14000 feet at high temperatures and
pressures."
Class J

A blend of lubricating grease that is applied to threads of a

pipe in order to make the joint leak proof and pressure
tight.
Pipe dope

Name the two ions involved in dolomitization.

Calcium and magnesium

"According to OPEC, what is the 2012 estimated daily world

oil demand?"
88 million bbl/day

"The eastern offshore portion of the Wilmington field in

Long Beach, CA consists of 4 man made islands. Which
companies were the original contractors of THUMS Long
Beach Company?"
"Texaco, Humble, Union, Mobil, Shell"

What North African country ranks 9th in world oil reserves?

Libya

Identify yhe classifications of produced hydrocaron liquids

and their associated API gravity rankings.
"Light: API>31.1
Medium: 22.3<API<31.1
Heavy: 10<API<22.3
Extra Heavy or Bitumen: API<10"

"Installed at a depth of 8200 feet, name this FPSO that is

the first of its kind in the Gulf of Mexico"
BW Pioneer

This university won the inaugural PetroBowl in 2002

Texas Tech

Identify two types of fixed cutter drilling bits.

"PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact)
Natural diamond"

This country is still the largest producer of natural gas in

South America according to US Energy Information
Administration
Argentina

Give 2011 Saudia Arabian oil prduction and percent of

world production this represents.
10.4 million bbl/day and 12%

How many members does SPE have as of 2012?
"110,000"

This is defined as the pressure in the wetting phase minus

the pressure in the non-wetting phase.
Capillary Pressure

"According to 2012 BP Statistical Report, name the region

of the world that consumes the most coal and the leading
consumer country in that region."
China

Carbonate sedimentary rock composed of mostly calcite is

known as what?
Limestone

"Name the second largest importer of LNG, behind Japan."

South Korea

Recent discoveries have made Brazil an important

Petroleum producing country. Name the President of
Brazil.
Dilma Rousseff

What is the standard length of drill pipe?

30 feet

"An important region for Gazprom because it produces

95% of Russia's natural gas, name this region that is often
associated with Tundra."
Siberia

Name four flow patterns observed in multiphase flow.

"Bubbly, Slug, Plug, Churn, Stratified, Annular"

An uncontrolled discharge of formation fluid out of the

wellbore
Blowout

"The succesor of Umarau Yar'Adua and the leader of the

administration that has aimed to end fuel subsidies in the
country, name the current president of Nigeria who
assumed his role in 2010"
Goodluck Jonathan

Drilled in October 1947 the historic Ship Shoal Block 32 well

off Southeastern Louisiana gives this company the
distinction of being the company that completed the first
commercial offshore well drilled by a mobile rig out of the
sight of land
Kerr-Mcgee

This artificial system uses a helical screw rotar to formed a

travelling sealed cavity
Progressive Cavity Pump

"The islands of the caribbean basin are predomenantly net

energy importers with the exception of this island, the
largest supplier of LNG to the US and 5th largest exporter
in the world"
Trinidad and Tobago

"The discovery this field, later renamed is his honor, caused

President Luis Ignacio Lula DaSilva to proclaim it a second
independence for the country, discovered by BG group in
2006. Name the original name of the field."
Tupi

"How many lives were lost at Deepwater Horizon Rig on

April 20, 2010"
11

Name up to 4 offshore basins in Brazil

"Campos, Santos, Espirito-Santo, Camamu-Almada"

Who invented the first roller cutter bit in 1909 that

dramatically improved rotary drilling?
"Howard Hughes, Sr."

This is the act of pulling the drill string out of hole or

putting it in the hole.
Tripping

Identify the type of well that is equipped with pressure

monitoring systems to determine the extent of
propogation of the pressure transient from the producing
wells into the reservoir
Observation Well

Which continent is currently the worlds largest petroleum

consumer?
Asia

"Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound was struck on March

24, 1989 by what?"
Exxon Valdez

The US imports about 9 billion barrels of crude oil a year.

Which country is leading supplier to the US?
Canada

"In the US, what is the criterion for an oil or gas well to be
classified as a Stripper Well? State production period and
rate."
"12 months, less than 10 bbl/day oil or 60,000 scf/day"

"The 2nd and 3rd largest oil fields in the world, according to
Forbes, are in Iraq. Name them."
West Qurna and Majnoon

"Linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, the Suez
Canal is an important feature of global shipping lanes,
within half a million bpd, how much crude oil and refined
products go through the Suez?"
1.8 million bpd

This person is considered the father of the petroleum

industry and lived from 1819 to 1880
Colonel Edwin Drake

"In an impressively fast turnaround after 8 months of civil

war, this African nations oil production had recovered by
over 50% within months of the fall of Kadafi in Libya. How
much oil did Libya produce before the war?"
1.6 million bpd

How many days did it take to control the Macondo Well
through intercepting the wellbore with 1 of 2 relief wells?
83 days

What is welded to the first string of casing in the well and

attaches the bop stack to the well?
Casing Heading

Johanas Kuan was a Dutch scientist who discovered this

phenomenon related to condensate reservoirs.
Retrograde Condensation

Name one of the two rigs Shell transported to Alaska in

2012 for Arctic drilling.
Kulluk and Noble Discoverer

How many times per year is SPE magazine The Way Ahead
published?
3

Name the company that owns the worlds biggest refinery

with 1.24 million bpd.
Alliance Industries

Name the Prime Minister of Turkey

Recep Erdogan

"Which large US oil rich formation is described to look like

an oreo cookie, representing to layers of black shale that
leak oil into a central dolomite layer?"
Bakken Shale

Name the completion method which uses limited entry to a

formation in order to stay away from unwanted reservoir
fluids?
Partial Completion

The measure of heat energy to raise the temperature of 1

pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit is known as what?
BTU

Name four mechanisms that cause a reservoir to produce

in it's initial phase.
"Gas Cap Drive, Solution Gas Drive, Gravity Drive, Water Drive
"

Containing 4% of world oil reserves and name this country

covering 1/8 of the world inhabitable land area.
Russia

Name this country known for owning 6.7% of world oil

reserves and hosting the world's tallest building
UAE (United Arab Emirates)

"Based on the degree of reservoir pressure maintenance

provided by the aquifer, the natural water drive is often
qualitatively described using what 3 classification terms?"
"Active, Partial, or Limited Water Drive"

"The analysis of pressure changes over time, especially

those associated with small variations of volume of a fluid,
is called what as it's often related to well testing?"
Pressure Transient Testing

"Name four internation oil companies that have signed

contracts with Kurdistan, in defiance of Baghdad?"
"ExxonMobil, Chevron, BP, Total, Genel Energy"

What is the API gravity of the benchmark crude West Texas

Intermediate
39.6

What was the total depth of Chevron's Knotty Head #1

Discovery Well?
"34,000 feet"

"After a series of discoveries by Cairn Energy over the last

decade, this block in Northwest India produces 175,000
bpd. Name it."
Rajasthan Block

Which European country was second to impose a ban on

hydraulic fracturing?
Bulgaria

"In a deep gas well, when high pressure gas over 7,000 psi
enters the wellbore through perforations in the casing, it
expands with lower pressure but temperature increases.
Name this phenomenon."
Joule-Thompson Effect

"Name the father of Standard Oil destroyer Ida Tarbell,

who's business was destroyed by Standard Oil."
Frank Tarbell

Which city will host ATCE in 2015?

"Houston, TX"

"With proven oil reserves of 175 billion bbl, this country is

known for it's production of heavy hydrocarbons."
Canada

EOR methods can be grouped under 5 categorizes based

on the set characteristics necessary for the EOR method to
be successful. Name them.
"Gas based, water based, thermal, combinations, and other"

In April 2012 the EPA raised the allowable limit in gasoline

of ethanol to what percentage?
15%

The first casing shoe was invented in 1907. Who was the
inventor?
Rueben Baker

"Presiding over a country with a steep decline in oil

production, name the President who assumed authority in
Mexico in 2006"
Felipe Calderon

The Australian oil company Santos is an acronym that

stands for what?
South Australian North Territory Oil Search

With untapped easy oil and proven oil reserves of 115

Billion bbl this country may become a top producer and
exporter alongside Saudi Arabia.
Iraq

"In oilfield lingo, what are workers laying cable and planting
geophones known as?"
Jughustlers

"If an operator signs to pay an exact cost to a contractor,

regardless of any possible new expenses, the transaction is
known as what?"
Turn Key

"According to the standard geologic time scale, what epoch

are we currently in?"
Halocene

In April 2012 the president of the South American land of

Gauchos announced plans to seize control of energy
company YPF away from this international energy
company?
Repsol

Who is the current CEO of ExxonMobil?

Rex Tillerson

"Rank the following from lowest to highet distillation

temperature: Diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, naptha"
"Diesel, jet fuel, naptha, gasoline"

"Name the term that is used to describe the gas

accumulated on the surface of a material, such as the grain
of a reservoir rock, or more particularly the organic
particles in a shale reservoir."
Adsorbed gas

What are the units for the non-Darcy flow coefficient Beta
that is used in Forcheimer's equation?
1/length

"On the Udden-Wentworth classification of grain size, what

lies between pebble and boulder?"
Cobbles

What is the model used to estimate the pressure drop

through perforations for wells that have not been
stimulated?
Macwilliams model (?)

Using real time data a driller can calculate the amount of

energy required per unit volume of rock drilled in
kilopound force per square inch. Name this parameter.
Mechanical specific energy

The chloride concentration in drilling fluids can be

determined by titrating with what chemical solution?
Silver Nitrate Solution

Which aquifer model is based on the premise that the

water influx rate is directly proportional to the pressure
drop between the average aquifer pressure and the
pressure at the reservoir aquifer boundary?
Fetkovich

"In 2009, SPE completed a merger that resulted in the

aqcuisition of 4,500 members worldwide. Name the group
that merged into SPE."
Petroleum Society of Canada

"When was Ecopetrol established, what does it stand for,

and what country is it based in?"
"1948, Empresa Colombiana de Petoleos, Columbia"

The TIW valve on a drilling rig stands for this company

founded in 1917.
Texas Iron Works

What is the name for a cut off in time that has the effect of
eliminating some kinds of noise from seismic data?
Tail mute

Name the man who in 1940 drilled the first directional well?
Robert Richardson

Name the special tool used by the rig crew to prevent the
drill bit from turning.
Bit breaker

Name the schools that have won petrobowl the past 4

years
"Colorado School of Mines, UT, OU"

Hydrates are icelike structures made of what?

Gas and water

What pressure and temperature change conditions lead to

the formation of Natural Gas Hydrates
Increase in pressure and decrease in temperature

"According to API, what class of cement is for use in depths

to 6000 feet under normal conditions?"
Class A

"Refining of crude oil was initially focused on forming this

substance, used primarily in lamps."
Kerosene

"Name the first long distance pipeline, built in 1879 with a

distance of 110 miles through Pennsylvania's Oil Regions"
Tidewater Pipeline

"Name the ""Colonel"" who was the first person to drill and
find oil in 1859."
Colonel Edwin L. Drake

Name the man who led the Pennsylvania Rock Oil

Company into the first production of crude oil.
George Bissell

This city was the site of the first successfully drilled oil well
in 1859
"Titusville, PA"

Name the book and author tat was instrumental in the

break up of Standard Oil into 33 different companies
The History of Standard Oil by Ida Tarbell

The enforcement of this act led to the break up of Standard

Oil into 33 different companies.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act

"The first oil tanker, the Zoroaster, sailed out of this city on
the Caspian Sea in 1878."
"Baku, Russia (Azerbaijan)"

Drilling on this salt dome in 1901 led to the first Texas oil
boom
Spindletop

"This man, known as the ""Oil King of Baku"", challenged

Standard Oil in the European oil markets of the late 19th
century."
Ludwig Nobel

Name the largest importer of LNG

Japan

Name the largest exporter of LNG

Qatar

Name the second largest exporter of LNG

Malaysia

Name the third largest exporter of LNG

Indonesia

"During this process natural gas is condensed and cooled

while harmful components such as dust, acid gas, helium,
water, and heavy hydrocarbons are removed."
Liquefaction

Liquified Natural Gas is stored close to atmospheric

pressure. At what temperature is LNG stored?
-162 Celsius (-260 Fahrenheit)

"Rank these three substances from greatest to least energy

density: LNG, CNG, Diesel"
"Diesel, LNG, CNG"

How much larger is the energy density of LNG compared to

CNG?
LNG is 2.4x more energy density than CNG

LNG's high energy density makes it cost effective to

transport in areas without pipelines. What type of vessel
must be used to transport LNG?
Cryogenic Sea Vessel (Tanker)

This phenomenon refers to the boiling off of LNG to

maintain it's temperature.
Auto-refrigeration

"This country has proven oil reserves of 173.1 billion

barrels, which is the 3rd largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Canada

"This country has proven oil reserves of 297.6 billion

barrels, which is the largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Venezuela

"This country has proven oil reserves of 265.4 billion

barrels, which is the 2nd largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Saudi Arabia

"This country has proven oil reserves of 154.6 billion

barrels, which is the 4th largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Iran

"This country has proven oil reserves of 141.4 billion

barrels, which is the 5th largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Iraq

"This country has proven oil reserves of 101.5 billion

barrels, which is the 6th largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Kuwait

"This country has proven oil reserves of 97.8 billion barrels,

which is the 7th largest according to US Energy Information
Association (2013)"
United Arab Emirates

"This country has proven oil reserves of 80.0 billion barrels,

which is the 8th largest according to US Energy Information
Association (2013)"
Russia

"This country has proven oil reserves of 48.0 billion barrels,

which is the 9th largest according to US Energy Information
Association (2013)"
Libya

"This country has proven oil reserves of 37.2 billion barrels,

which is the 10th largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Nigeria

"This country has proven oil reserves of 30.0 billion barrels,

which is the 11th largest according to US Energy
Information Association (2013)"
Kazakhstan

"This oil field, discovered in 1948, is thought to be the

largest in the world with about 80 billion barrels of
recoverable oil."
"Ghawar Field, Saudi Arabia"

"In 1946 Kuwait Oil Company started production of this oil

field, the largest sandstone oil field in the world."
Burgan Field

The predecessor company to BP was formed in 1908 after

the discovery of a large oil field in Iran. What was the
origional name of this company?
Anglo-Persian Oil Company

Petrobowl A

Who is the CEO of Chesapeake Energy

Robert Lawler

Who is the CEO of Chevron

John S. Watson

Which company has the world's highest oil production

Saudi Aramco, 12.5 MMBBLD

Which company has the world's second highest daily oil

production?
Gatzprom, 9.7MMBBLD

Which company has the world's third highest daily oil

production?
National Iranian Oil Co

Which company has the world's fourth highest daily oil

production?
ExxonMobil, 5.3 MMBBLD

Which company has the worlds's fifth highest daily oil

production
PetroChina, 4.4 MMBBLD

CEO of Hilcorp
Jeffrey Hildebrand

What are 5 assumptions behind darcy flow?

-Reynold's number less than 1
-No-slip boundary conditions
-Single-phase flow
-No chemical ineteraction between rock and fluid
-Newtonian Fluid

What is the formula for effective porosity

Volume (interconnected)/Volume(total)

Formula for effective permeability

...

Formula for Mobility Ratio

...

Formula for rate during exponential decline

...

What is an ESP? Who invented it? Where was it first

successfully implimented?
Electronic Submersibile Pump; Armais Arutunoff, Kansas

Who was the first woman SPE president, and in what year?
DeAnn Craig, 1998

How many countries are currently in SPE?

141

Current SPE membership number

124,528, including more than 37,000 student members

In what year was SPE founded?

1957

In what year did SPE split from AIME (American Institute of

Mining Engineers)?
1985

Who is the Current SPE President?

Jeff Spath

Who is the 2015 SPE President?

Helge Hove Haldorsen

What is "The Way Ahead"

The SPE young professionals magazine published 3 times a
year

What is the highest award that you can win as an SPE

member?
Honorary Member Award

What does "Segregated Flow" mean, and which factors
determine the flow condition?
This is when fluids are separated according to density and it
becomes a factor when the gravity dominates the flow

What does the term "diffuse flow" mean and which factors
determine this flow condition?
A well-mixed flow where the fluids don't separate according
to density

What is formation volume factor

Volume of fluid at reservoir conditions divided by volume of
a fluid at standard conditions

Two main types of boundary conditions that are used to

represent reservoir fluid production and injection?
1) Bottom-hole-pressure-specified
2) Production-rate-specified

Which log provides a good measurement of the hydrogen

and hydrocarbon in a formation?
Neutron

What are the three elements used as the source of natural

gamma rays in sedemantary rocks?
Thorium, Uranium, Potassium

What is the physical law that gives the pressure drop in a

fluid across a cylindrical tube, and it's assumptions?
Hagen Poisuelle Equation
Assumptions
1) Laminar
2) Viscous flow
3) Incompressible
4) Flow traveled is longer than the diameter of the cross-
sectional area

Define Kinematic Viscosity

it's the dynamic viscosity divided by the density of the fluid

What is the process when the saturation of the wetting

phase increases and the saturation of the nonwetting
phase decreases
Imbibitation

Which structure in geology has the oldest beds at it's core?

an anticline

What is the term for any geological fold that is convex up?
Antiform

What are three types of structural traps?

Anticline, fault, salt dome

What are the types of secondary porosity in carbonate

rocks?
Fenestral porosity (algal mats),, shelter porosity,
intracrystalline porosity, moldic porosity, fractured porosity

What is a thief zone?

The term for a higher permeability layer above or beneath
multiple lower perm layers

Name the geologic periods in order from oldest to most

recent:
Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian,
Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic,
Cretaceous, Tertiary, Quaternary.

Also known as : Pizza can occupy some deep mud pits.

Permian tall jaguars can tire quickly.

Three stages of flow:

Transient
Late Transient
PseudoSteady State

Principle of Corresponding States?

Fluid properties can be related to a fluid's critical
temperature and pressure. Can be used to calculate Z-factors

What are two fluid sampling methods?

surface and downhole

Standard Temp and Pressure in US

60 F, 14.7 psi

What fluid is commonly used in carbonate reservoir

stimulation?
Carbonic Acid

What is the primary purpose of polymer injection?

Improve the sweep efficiency

What is the term for global rise and fall in sea level?
Eustacy
QUESTION FOR OPEN SELECTION ATCE REGIONAL QUALIFIER 2016
KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
(GnG Category)

1. The rocks from which hydrocarbons have been generated or are capable of
being generated. They form one of the necessary elements of a working
petroleum system. They are organic-rich sediments that may have been
deposited in a variety of environments including deep water marine,
lacustrine and deltaic. What is it? (Source Rock)
2. A seismic profile recorded specifically to study the lower crust, typically using
refraction methods. Most standard seismic reflection profiles record only a
small fraction (typically, on the order of 10 km or 6 miles, what is it about?
(Deep seismic sounding (DSS))
3. A fold in stratified rocks in which the rocks dip in opposite directions from a
crest; layers are convex upward (ANTICLINE)
4. The horizontal angle measured clockwise from true north. Occasionally
azimuth is referenced to south or to magnetic north rather than true north, or
measured counter-clockwise. Also called true bearing. (AZIMUTH)
5. The average height of the sea surface averaged for all stages of the tides
over a 19-year period. (SEA LEVEL)
6. Rock that has accumulated in layers, or a chemical rock formed by
precipitation from solution, or an organic rock consisting of the remains of
the secretions of plants or animals. Clastic rocks were transported from their
source area as solid particles whereas chemical rocks were transported as
ions in solution and then precipitated. (SEDIMENTARY ROCK)
7. The study of rock relationships within a chronostratigraphic framework of
genetically related strata bounded by surfaces of erosion or nondeposition or
 their correlative conformities (Van Wagoner, 1995). (SEQUENCE
STRATIGRAPHY)
8. This logging tool shows a formations interval transit time. It is a measure of
a formations capacity to transmit sound waves. Geologically, this capacity
varies with lithology and rock textures, notably porosity. What is the name of
tool?. (SONIC LOG)
9. Where is headquarter of OPEC located in? (Vienna)
10.The ratio of the weight, a given volume of a substance at a given
temperature to the weight of an equal volume of a standard substance at the
same temperature. What is the name of this term? (Relative Density/Spesific
Gravity)
11.A device that used to determine porosity of a formation by measuring a
known volume of gas at a known pressure compressed into a core sample.
The gas is measured at a atmospheric pressure and at an elevated pressure.
These measurements are used to calculate gain volume and pore volume.
What is the name of this device? (Porosimeter)
12.Which country has the largest heavy oil reserves? (Canada)
13.A depression in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an
associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent
landmass and the island arc in addition to trapped oceanic crustal material.
What is the name of this basin? (Forearc Basin)
14.What is the name of oilfield that is by far the largest conventional oil field
that is located in Saudi Arabia and operated by Saudi Aramco? (Ghawar field)
15.Molten rock in earths subsurface which sometimes seeps up to the surface
and erupts through the crust as part of volcano lava is called as? (Magma)
16.In the study of petrology known the terms of Mohs scale. What is the use of
the Mohs Scale? (Knowing the level of rock hardness)
17.Science that can be used to estimate how much heat energy required to
change the system from one state to another state, but can not be used
analyze the rate of heat transfer. What is the name of science?
(Thermodynamics)
18.Petroleum geophysicists can be divided into three categories, what are they?
(Acquisition Geophysicists, Processing Geophysicists, Interpretation
Geophysicists)
19.Also called as lithostatic pressure or vertical stress, is the pressure or stress
imposed on a layer of soil or rock by the weight of overlying material. The
explanation describes the definition of? (Overburden Pressure)
20.This unit has low permeability that impedes the escape of hydrocarbons from
the reservoir rock. Common include evaporites, chalks and shales. What is it?
(Seal/Cap Rock)
21.Includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and
rigid outer layer of the Earth. What is it? (Lithosphere)
22.Mention 10 types of Identifying Physical Properties of Minerals? (Crystal
form,Color, Streak, Luster, Cleavage,Fracture, Hardness,Tenacity, Specific
gravity ,Taste,Magnetism,Reaction with acid, Striations)
23.In seismic survey, geophysicist use many of the instruments and techniques,
for example, "GPR " puts a very high frequency radio signal into the ground
and records the reflected signal, this method is used to image the
subsurface. What does GPR stand for? (Ground Penetrating Radar)
24.What types of maps that illustrating the contour lines show the places with
the same porosity? (Isoporosity map)
25.This type of rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or
lava. it may formed with or without crystallization, either below the surface
as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. What is the type of
this rock? (Igneous Rock)
26.A device designed for use in detecting seismic energy in the form of pressure
changes under water during marine seismic acquisition. It is combined to
form streamers that are towed by seismic vessels or deployed in a borehole,
what is it called? (Hydrophone)
27.The name or term was coined in the scientific discussion of Alfred Wegener's
theory of continental drift. In his book The Origin of Continents and
Oceans (Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane) first published in 1915,
he postulated that all the continents had at one time formed a
single supercontinent which he called the "Urkontinent", before later
breaking up and drifting to their present locations. What is name of the term?
(Pangea)
28.Mention three kinds of distribution of shale or clay in the sandstones?
(Laminated, dispersed, structural)
29.A technique of conveying well logging tools into the well borehole downhole
as part of the bottom hole assembly(BHA). What is the name of the
technique? (LWD)
30.A branch of earth sciences, is the scientific discipline that deals with the
measurement and representation of the Earth, including its gravitational
field, in a three-dimensional time-varying space. this science also study
geodynamical phenomena such as crustal motion, tides, and polar motion.
What is the name of the science? (Geodesy)
31.Commonly called a synthetic, is a direct one-dimensional model of acoustic
energy traveling through the layers of the Earth. This chart is generated by
convolving the reflectivity derived from digitized acoustic and density logs
with the wavelet derived from seismic data. (Seismogram)
32.What company in Indonesia that have biggest production of oil and what
company in Indonesia that have biggest production of gas? (Oil = Chevron
Pasifik Indonesia, Gas = Total EnP Indonesie)
33.A device or system that records the ground oscillations that make up
exploration seismic data or earthquakes, sometimes used incorrectly as a
synonym for geophone. This tool can include amplifiers, receivers and a
recording device (such as a computer disk or magnetic tape) to record
seismograms.(Seismograph)
34.It is part of igneous rocks. This rock formed by lava flows or volcanic ash
deposition on top of an existing surface. It consists of 2 types based on
relationships with surrounding rocks which are concordant and discordant.
What is type of igneous rock? (Intrusife Igneous Rock)
35.Gravity Survey is the measurement of gravitational acceleration over an
area, usually presented as a map or profile. What kind of tool that is used in
this survey? (Gravitimeter)
36.What is the type of Geophysics science that studies the structure and
composition of the Earth through seismic waves, and of surface deformations
during earthquakes and seismic hazards? (Seismology)
37.Geologic features, submarine basins associated with island arcs and
subduction zones. They are found at some convergent plate boundaries,
presently concentrated in the Western Pacific ocean. Most of them result
from tensional forces caused by oceanic trench rollback and the collapse of
the edge of the continent. what is type of basin ? (Back arc Basin)
38.Mention four types of Continental depositional environment! (Alluvial,
Aeolian, Lacustrine,Fluvial)
39.The data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral
deposits, to locate groundwater, to locate archaeological finds, to find the
thicknesses of glaciers and soils, and for environmental remediation. Those
statements are the function of? (Geophysichal Survey)
40.A device used during surveying to measure the acceleration of a ship or
aircraft, or to detect ground acceleration in boreholes or on the Earth's
surface produced by acoustic vibrations, is called? (Accelerometer)
41.The transformation of an existing rock type, the protolith, which means
"change in form". The protolith is subjected to heat and pressure
(temperatures greater than 150 to 200 C and pressures of 1500 bars)
causing profound physical and/or chemical change.They are also formed
when rock is heated up by the intrusion of hot molten rock called magma
from the Earth's interior. What is type of the rock? (Metamorphic Rock)
42.The study of the physics of earth, especially its electrical, gravitational, and
magnetic fields and propagation of elastic waves within it is called?
(Geophysic)
43.The younger strata located at the top in an undisturbed sequence of
sedimentary rocks. What is the name of this law? (Law of Superposition)
44.In seismology, the term is used to more specifically describe regions of the
subsurface where P-waves and S-waves are difficult to detect, such as
regions of the core at certain distances from the epicenter of an earthquake,
or the point on the Earth's surface directly above an earthquake is called?
(Shadow zone)
45.The condition of having laminae lying transverse to the main stratification
planes of the strata; occurs only in granular sediments? (Cross-Bedding)
46.The last period of geologic time in the Paleozoic era, from 280 to 225 million
years ago? (Permian)
47.A branch of stratigraphy concerned with the description and interpretation of
sedimentary successions in terms of their lithic character? (Lithostratigraphy)
48.What is electromagnetic method that commonly use in geothermal
exploration? (Magnetotellurik)
49.The relation between adjacent rock strata whose time of deposition was
separated by a period of nondeposition or of erosion; a break in a
stratigraphic sequence. (Unconformity)
50.A non-permeable layer, which located on top of reservoir and acts as barrier
of reservoir fluids is the definition of? (Cap Rock)
51.An elastic constant that is the ratio of longitudinal stress to longitudinal

strain and is symbolized by , what is it called? (Modulus

Young)
52.Arenite is also known as.. (Sandstone)
53.Based on the depth of the depositional environment in the ocean (marine),
which is a depositional environment with a depth of more than 2000 meters
is the characteristic of? (Abyssal)
54.Mention 2 geophysical method that commonly use in determining water
distribution? (Resitivity, Geolistrik)
55.What is the name of the tool used to measure the broad of contour map?
(Planimeter)
56.The release of petroleum from source rock and reservoir rock layers into the
channel (Carrier Bed) is the definition of? (Migration)
57.The method of geology to excavation of fossil material for research into past
life and evolution, or the study of prehistoric life, including organisms'
evolution and interactions with each other and their environments is..
(Paleontology)
58.He was born in Dijon France on June 10, 1803. His father died in 1817. He
continued his education at the Polytechnic School in Paris and married a
British woman named Henriette Carey in 1828. His research is focused on
hydraulics, particularly in the flow and friction loss in pipes. His research of
the best known in the petroleum world is the relationship between flow rate
and permeability. Who is he? (Henry Darcy)
59.What is geophysical method that commonly use in oil reservoir delineation?
(reflection seismic)
60.Mention the name of city and country. Where is ATCE 2015 and ATCE 2016 is
held? (2015 Houston USA, 2016 Dubai UEA)