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Exploring Computer Science

Final Review
Directions: Define the following terms and then answer the question about
the terms. Highlight your answers with a light color!

Define the Internet: the state of wanting to know or learn about something or
someone.
Define Hardware: tools, machinery, and other durable equipment.
Define Algorithms: a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other
problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.
Computer (intelligent machine) behavior is based on (which of the above three)?

Explain Internet Security:

List 3 things that might happen to your computer that indicates your computer
may have some type of internet security concern (messages that might pop up or
computer actions):
1. Keep software and security patches up to date.
2. Configure security settings for your operating system, Internet browser and
security software.
3. Companies should develop personal security policies for online behavior,
and individuals should be sure to adopt their own policies to promote online
safety.

Define computational thinker: is the thought processes involved in formulating a

problem and expressing its solution(s) in such a way that a computerhuman or
machinecan effectively carry out

Define algorithm search: s an algorithm that retrieves information stored within

some data structure. Data structures can include linked lists, arrays, search trees,
hash tables, or various other storage methods.
Define Linear search: is a method for finding a target value within a list. It
sequentially checks each element of the list for the target value until a match is
found or until all the elements have been searched.
Define Binary search: also known as half-interval search, logarithmic search, or
binary chop, is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a
sorted array.
Define Decimal search: the numbers we use in everyday life are decimal numbers,
because they are based on 10 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9).
When comparing items in a sort list or set, what type of search (from the above
list) takes the least amount of comparisons? A comparison sort is a type of sorting
algorithm that only reads the list elements through a single abstract comparison
operation (often a "less than or equal to" operator or a three-way comparison) that
determines which of two ele
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Define Scratch block: is a block introduced in Scratch 2.0 with a unique, Hat block-
like shape that falls under the More Blocks category. It is used to define custom
blocks.
is a block introduced in Scratch 2.0 with a unique, Hat block-like shape that falls
under the More Blocks category. It is used to define custom blocks. ... A define
block is created each time a new custom block is, appearing on the Scripts Area of
the current sprite, or the Stage's scripts area if it selected. e puzzle-piece shapes
that are used to create code in Scratch.

Define operating system: the software that supports a computer's basic functions,
such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals.
List 3 different operating systems:
1. VectorLinux
2. Windows 2000
3. Windows 2003
Define application software:
List 3 different application software:
1. Word processing software
2. Database software
3. Spreadsheet software
Define internet browser:
List 3 different browsers:
1. Worldwide web
2. Netscape Navigator and Netscape Communicator
3. mosaic
Define search engine:
List 3 different search engines:
1. Google.
2. Bing.
3. Yahoo.
Define hyperlink:
What are 3 characteristics that most hyperlinks have?
1. In computing, a hyperlink, or simply a link, is a reference to data that the
reader. \
2. A hyperlink points to a whole document or to a specific element within a
document.
3. The text that is linked from is called anchor text.
Define domain name:
List your 3 favorite websites:
1. Cloudconvert.org: Convert almost any type of file.
2. Instructorless: Instructorless provides instructions to help you build just
about anything you can imagine. It provides a platform for people to
explore, document, and share their creations.
3. Skill share Online Classes | Start Learning For Free Today

How is computer storage measured?

From smallest to largest, list 6 sizes of storage:
1. Computer storage and memory is often measured in megabytes (MB) and
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gigabytes (GB).
2. A medium-sized novel contains about 1 MB of information.
3. 1 MB is 1,024 kilobytes, or 1,048,576 (1024x1024) bytes, not one million
bytes.
4. Similarly, one 1 GB is 1,024 MB, or 1,073,741,824 (1024x1024x1024)
bytes.
5. Similarly, one 1 GB is 1,024 MB, or 1,073,741,824 (1024x1024x1024)
bytes.
6. A terabyte (TB) is 1,024 GB; 1 TB is about the same amount of information
as all of the books in

What is a Word processor used for? is used to manipulate a text document,

such as a resume or a report. A marketing plan to promote a new product.
A memo from senior management regarding corporate strategy.
A new benefits policy developed by human resources.
Define graphic: relating to visual art, especially involving drawing,
engraving, or lettering.
What is a Database used for? Sometimes referred to as database management
systems (DBMS), database software tools are primarily used for storing, modifying,
extracting, and searching for information within a database.
Define table (in a database): In relational databases, and flat file databases, a
table is a set of data elements (values) using a model of vertical columns
(identifiable by name) and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit where a row and
column intersect.
What is a Spreadsheet used for? A spreadsheet is an interactive computer
application for organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form
Define chart (in a spreadsheet): An embedded chart is a chart object that can be
inserted into a worksheet.
What is a Presentation used for? A presentation program is a software package
used to display information in the form of a slide show.
Define slide (in a presentation): A slide is a single page of a presentation.
Collectively, a group of slides may be known as a slide deck.
Define ePortfolio: a large, thin, flat case for loose sheets of paper such as drawings
or maps.

Define binary code: a coding system using the binary digits 0 and 1 to represent a
letter, digit, or other character in a computer or other electronic device.
Go to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdFmSlFojIw and watch the video. In
your own words, explain how to figure out the binary code for a number.
Binary have two places
What are the place values in a binary number system? Place values (in decimal)
for the binary number system.
List one website that lists the binary code for numbers: 01000001
What is the binary code for 10: 1010
What is the binary code for 23:10111
What is the binary code for 35:100011
What is the binary code for 99:1100100
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What are the steps to the problem solving process? Problem Solving. Problem
solving is the act of defining a problem;

Define defragment: reduce the fragmentation of (a file) by concatenating parts

stored in separate locations on a disk. Place-value and the decimal system. Our
decimal or base ten number system is a place-value system.
Define configure: shape or put together in a particular form or configuration.
Define malware: software that is intended to damage or disable computers and
computer systems.
Define file compression: File compression is a data compression method in which
the logical size of a file is reduced to save disk space for easier and faster
transmission over a network or the Internet
Define debugging: identify and remove errors from (computer hardware or
software).
Define coding: the process of assigning a code to something for the purposes of
classification or identification.
Define sorting: is the use of chemicals, pressure or devices to cause pain to the
front feet and legs of horses when they touch the ground.

Define DNS: The Internet's system for converting alphabetic names into numeric IP
addresses.
Define LAN: is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common
communications line or wireless link to a server.
Define VPN: is a network that is constructed using public wires usually the
Internet to connect to a private network, such as a company's internal network.
Define WAN: pale and giving the impression of illness or exhaustion.

Define freeware: software that is available free of charge.

Define shareware: software that is available free of charge and often distributed
informally for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use.
Define open source: denoting software for which the original source code is made
freely available and may be redistributed and modified.
Define copyrighted: the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee
to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and
to authorize others to do the same.

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