AMS LECTURE-17

COMPOUND CYLINDER

In thick walled cylinders subjected to internal pressure only, it can be seen from the equation of
the hoop stress/circumferential stress ( )that the maximum stresses occur at the inside
radius and this can be given by:

= +

This means that as increases may exceed yield stress even when < . Furthermore,
it can be shown that for large internal pressures in thick walled cylinders the wall thickness is
required to be very large. This is shown schematically in figure.

Figure: Variation of wall thickness with the internal pressure in thick cylinder

This means that the material near the outer edge of the cylinder is not effectively used since
the stresses near the outer edge gradually reduce.

In order to make thick-walled cylinders that resist elastically large internal pressure and make
effective use of material at the outer portion of the cylinder the following method of prestressing
can be used:

Shrinking a hollow cylinder over the main cylinder. (Compound cylinders)

A compound (or composite) cylinders is made by two or more cylinders which are assembled
with an interference fit. An outer cylinder (jacket) with the internal diameter slightly smaller than
the outer diameter of the main cylinder is heated and fitted onto the main cylinder. When the
assembly cools down to room temperature, a compound cylinder is obtained. In this process the

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 AMS LECTURE-17

main cylinder is subjected to an external pressure leading to radial compressive stresses at the
interface (ps) as shown in figure.

The outer cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure leading to tensile circumferential stresses
at the interface (ps) as shown in figure. Under these conditions as the internal pressure
increases, the compression in the internal cylinder is first released and then only the cylinder
begins to act in tension. Hence the pressure carrying capacity of the cylinder increases.

ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND CYLINDER

The analysis of compound cylinder can be made by adopting following methods:-

a. Determination of stresses developed in cylinders (inner cylinder & outer cylinder) due to
shrinkage pressure at interface only (in absence of any fluid pressure).
b. Determination of stresses developed in cylinders (inner cylinder & outer cylinder) due to
fluid pressure only.(considering the compound cylinder as one single cylinder subjected
to internal pressure only)
c. Determination of resultant stresses in all cylinders considering stresses in above two.
Nomenclature:-

The first suffix represents the surface & second suffix represents the cylinder

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 AMS LECTURE-17

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

Note:- = =

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 AMS LECTURE-17

Consider case (a) :- The cylinders are subjected to shrinkage pressure at interface only

The inner cylinder subjected to outer pressure " "

We know that

" " = & " " = +

= , = = =

& = , = =

&

= =

On putting the value of &

= , = = +

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 AMS LECTURE-17

& = , = = +

The outer cylinder subjected to inner pressure " "

We know that

" " = & " " = +

= , = =

& = , = = =

&

= =

On putting the value of &

= , = = +

& = , = = +

Inner cylinder Value Nature Outer Cylinder Value Nature

0
0
calculated calculated
calculated calculated

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 AMS LECTURE-17

Consider case (b) :- The compound cylinders is considered as a single cylinder and
subjected to internal fluid pressure pf only

The cylinder subjected to internal fluid pressure " "

We know that

" " = & " " = +

= , = =

& = , = =

&

= =

On putting the value of &

= = = = = = =

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 AMS LECTURE-17

= , = = +

& = , = = +

= , = = +

= , = = +

Inner cylinder Value Nature Outer Cylinder Value Nature

calculated
calculated 0
calculated calculated
calculated calculated
c. Determination of resultant stresses in all cylinders considering stresses in above two.

Due to Shrinkage Due to internal fluid Resultant stresses

pressure ( ) =
Inner cylinder ( ) =
Inner Value Nature Inner Value Nature Resultant Value Nature
cylinder cylinder stress
( )
( )
( )
( )
Outer cylinder
Outer Value Nature Outer Value Nature Resultant Value Nature
cylinder cylinder stress
( )
( )
( )
( )

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