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A grassland food web was studied to understand how climate warming affects the interaction of different animal and
plant species. Grasshoppers (Melanoplus femurrubrum) feed on grasses growing amongst taller bushes. Spiders
(Pisaurina mira) feed on the grasshoppers. For 75 days, the feeding behaviour of the grasshoppers was observed with
and without predators, in temperatures that were cool or warm. During the study period, the grasshoppers progressed
through stages of larval development (instars) to adulthood.
1a. Identify the primary food for all grasshoppers without predators. [1 mark]
The hypothesis that aging involves loss of brain cells was investigated in mice. The olfactory bulb (OB) of the brain was
studied because its layered arrangement of neurons resembles large regions of the human brain. Sensory input about
smell is sent to the OB by axons of receptor cells that line the upper nasal cavity. These axons synapse with relay
neurons in the OB where interpretation of smell perception begins. The bar charts show the total volume of neurons in
the OB and the density of synapses (number of synapses per unit area) in two regions of a mouses OB.
Swimmers were encouraged to maintain an even pace throughout the programmes. The pace was slightly slower in
the 3000 m programme than in the 6000 m programme.
Tissue samples were taken from the shoulder muscle of each swimmer, before and after each session. Glycogen
levels were analysed in slow (type I) muscle fibres.
Calculate the percentage of slow (type I) muscle fibres that contain low levels of glycogen after the 3000m [1 mark]
1c.
programme.
Malnutrition affects the body mass index (BMI) of mothers. The height and mass of over 7000 mothers in Ethiopia and
the sex of their most recently born child was recorded. The graph shows the percentage of mothers with a BMI below
18.5 and the percentage of their most recent births that were males in 11 regions across Ethiopia.
State the regions with the highest and lowest percentage of male offspring. [1 mark]
1d.
Region with highest percentage: .......................................................................
Region with lowest percentage: .......................................................................
1e. Compare the total synapse density of neurons in the outer and inner OB layers. [2 marks]
State the effect of the 3000 m programme on glycogen levels in slow (type I) muscle fibres. [1 mark]
1f.
Deduce, using the data, how the feeding behaviour of instar larvae changes if without predators, conditions [1 mark]
1h.
change from cool to warm.
Deduce, using the data, how the feeding behaviour of instar larvae changes if in warm conditions, predators are [1 mark]
1i.
introduced.
Evaluate, using the data in the bar charts, the hypothesis that aging involves loss of brain cells. [2 marks]
1k.
Discuss whether the data supports the hypothesis that malnutrition affects the sex ratio of offspring. [2 marks]
1l.
Compare the effects of the 3000 m programme with the 6000 m programme on muscle glycogen levels. [2 marks]
1m.
Suggest reasons for the differences between the 3000 m programme and the 6000m programme in their effects [2 marks]
1n.
on muscle glycogen levels.
Suggest why adult feeding differs from instar larval feeding when predators are present. [1 mark]
1o.
Suggest the implications of the data for humans. [2 marks]
1p.
Water samples from 15 different locations containing high levels of the bacterium E. coli were passed through the purifier
at different flow rates and temperatures to test its effect on contaminated water. The shaded area of the graph below
represents the recommended temperature and flow rate for using the purifier.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III only
D. I, II and III
A red blood cell is 8 m in diameter. If drawn 100 times larger than its actual size, what diameter will the drawing [1 mark]
3.
be in mm?
A. 0.08 mm
B. 0.8 mm
C. 8 mm
D. 80 mm
Which property makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic use? [1 mark]
5.
A. They can divide by meiosis to form gametes.
B. They contain chemicals that can kill bacteria.
C. Their chromosomes are suitable for gene transfer and cloning.
D. They can differentiate into specialized cells.
Which features are present in prokaryotic cells? [1 mark]
6.
A. DNA, plasma membrane and mitochondria
B. DNA, cell wall and pili
C. ribosomes, chloroplasts and cell wall
D. cytoplasm, ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which property makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic use? [1 mark]
13.
A. They can divide by meiosis to form gametes.
B. They contain chemicals that can kill bacteria.
C. Their chromosomes are suitable for gene transfer and cloning.
D. They can differentiate into specialized cells.
A. Anaphase
B. Interphase
C. Metaphase
D. Prophase
If there are 16 chromosomes in a cell that is about to divide, what will be the number of chromosomes in a [1 mark]
18.
daughter cell after division by mitosis or meiosis?
Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of membranes. [6 marks]
19a.
20. What is the principal mode of division for the prokaryote Escherichia coli ? [1 mark]
A. Endocytosis
B. Binary fission
C. Cytokinesis
D. Meiosis
21. Where can 70S ribosomes be found? [1 mark]
Why do crop plants dry out when a field is irrigated with water contaminated by sea water? [1 mark]
22.
A. The plants lose water by active transport.
B. The plants gain salt by osmosis.
C. The plants gain salt by diffusion.
D. The plants lose water by osmosis.
A. X Z Y
B. X Y Z
C. Z X Y
D. Z Y X
The following electron micrograph which shows part of two adjacent liver cells.
A red blood cell is 8 m in diameter. If drawn 100 times larger than its actual size, what diameter will the drawing [1 mark]
30.
be in mm?
A. 0.08 mm
B. 0.8 mm
C. 8 mm
D. 80 mm
An unknown cell is observed using a microscope. A cell wall, ribosomes and DNA are identified. What can be [1 mark]
31.
concluded from these observations?
Which pair of features is correct for both diffusion and osmosis? [1 mark]
32.
The diagram below shows a cell during mitosis. [1 mark]
33.
A cell has cytoplasm, a cell wall, naked DNA and ribosomes. Based on this information, what type of cell could this [1 mark]
34.
be?
How does the surface area to volume ratio change with an increase in cell size? [1 mark]
36.
How do prokaryotic cells divide? [1 mark]
37.
A. By mitosis
B. By meiosis
C. By budding
D. By binary fission
A. Cholesterol
B. Peripheral protein
C. Glycoprotein
D. Polar amino acid
Which functions of life are found in unicellular organisms? [1 mark]
43.
A. growth, response and nutrition
B. differentiation, response and nutrition
C. metabolism, meiosis and homeostasis
D. growth, metabolism and differentiation
46. What route is used to export proteins from the cell? [1 mark]
In a cell, what is the effect of a large surface area to volume ratio? [1 mark]
48.
A. Slower rate of exchange of waste materials
B. Faster heat loss
C. Faster rate of mitosis
D. Slower intake of food
How can cells in a multicellular organism differentiate? [1 mark]
49.
A. They express some of their genes but not others.
B. They all have a different genetic composition.
C. Different cells contain a different set of chromosomes.
D. Different cells do not have some of the genes.
A. Nucleus
B. Nucleoid
C. Nucleolus
D. Nuclear membrane
51. What do prokaryotic cells have that eukaryotic cells do not? [1 mark]
A. Mitochondria
B. 70S ribosomes
C. Histones
D. Internal membranes
53. Which of the following take(s) place during interphase and mitosis in animal cells? [1 mark]
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I and III only
International Baccalaureate Organization 2017
International Baccalaureate - Baccalaurat International - Bachillerato Internacional