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CENG4006
Chapter 5:
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
OF PAVEMENTS
Generally:
Step-I:
Determination of
traffic class from
the calculated
ESAs.
Step-II:
Determination of
Subgrade strength
class from the
given subgradde
soil (CBR(%))
Structural Design
Flexible Pavement : ERA Manual
7
Example 2 of Ch.3:
Design Principles
Steps To Be Considered In The Design Process
Traffic (Baseline flow and forecast)
Material and geotechnical information (Field survey and
material properties)
Subgrade (Classification, foundation for expansive soils and
material strength)
Thickness design (Gravel wearing coarse thickness)
Materials design
All-weather Access
Surface Performance
Maintenance
Structural Design
Gravel And Low Standard Roads
18
Design Method
The required gravel thickness shall be determined as follows:
Determine the minimum thickness necessary to avoid
excessive compressive strain in the subgrade (D1).
Determine the extra thickness needed to compensate
for the gravel loss under traffic during the period
between regravelling operations (D2).
Determine the total gravel thickness required by
adding the above two thicknesses (D1+ D2).
Structural Design
Gravel And Low Standard Roads
19
Material Requirements
Experience With Local materials
Marginal materials
towns (dust nuisance) or steep hills (slipperiness).
Improved Subgrade Layer
Subgrade CBR
at least a minimum CBR of 7% for minor gravel roads and
at least a minimum CBR 25 % for major gravel roads
Treatment Of Expansive Formations
Material Characteristics
non-expansive, non-dispersive and free from any deleterious
matter.
Structural Design
Gravel And Low Standard Roads
24
Structural Design
Gravel And Low Standard Roads
25
QUESTIONS?
1 Highway Engineering-II...CENG4006
Chapter 6:
HIGHWAY DRAINAGE
DESIGN
Flood Estimation:
A variety of approaches have been used to estimate the
quantity of runoff for drainage design.
Rainfall intensity during the design storm is a function of
occurrence, duration, and intensity
Return period: refers to the estimated frequency of rare
events such as floods.
Refer ERA manual Drainage Design Ch-5
The available methods of flood estimation may be
categorized into three groups:
Analysis of stream flow data
Regionalized flood formula
Runoff modeling
Surface Drainage
8
3. Runoff modeling
A) Rational method:
It is most suitable for small In case where the drainage
catchments of sizes up to five area consists of different
square kilometers. ground characteristics with
different runoff coefficients,
a representative value Cw
is computed by determining
the weighted coefficients
as:
Surface Drainage
10
Surface Drainage
11
To determine h, S
must be computed
using the equation
S = (1000/CN) -10
The parameter CN the
hydrological soil cover
complex number
Surface Drainage
13
Culverts, and
Bridges
Design of Cross Drainage(cont.)
15
Horizontal drains
Drainage blankets
Well systems
Thank You!
19
QUESTIONS?
The End