Introduction to

Electronics

An introduction to electronic components and a study of circuits

containing such devices.

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Week 1:
Review

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

 Review of Circuit
Elements
Dr. Bonnie H. Ferri
Professor and Associate Chair
School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering

Review linear circuit components and properties

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Lesson Objectives
Review
Resistors, capacitors, inductors
i-v characteristics of these elements
Sources, nodes

3
Passive Elements
Resistor Capacitor Inductor

i i i
R C L

+ V - + V - + V -

dV di
V = iR i=C V =L
dt dt
4
Series and Parallel Connections
Series Parallel
Resistors R1 R2 R3 1
R1 R2 R= 1
R1
+ R1 + R1
R = R1+R2 2 3

Inductors L1
L2 1
L=
L1 L2 L3 1 + L1 + L1
L1 2 3
L = L1+L2
C1 C2 C3
Capacitors C1 C2 C3
1
C= C = C1+C2+C3
1
C1
+ 1
C2
+ 1
C3
 Connections and Sources
Ground Reference
for 0 volts

Node Voltage level the

same everywhere
on the node
Voltage Source Independent Dependent
+
-

Current Source Independent Dependent

6
 Circuit Connections

R3 + R3 +
R2 R2 R6
R6 V0
V0
R1 R1
- -
R5 R5
IS V1 IS
V1 R4 R4

7
 Review of
Kirchoffs Laws
Dr. Bonnie H. Ferri
Professor and Associate Chair
School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering

Review of KVL and KCL

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Lesson Objectives
Review
Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)
Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL)

9
Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL)

The sum of voltages

around any closed
loop is zero.

10
KVL Quiz

+ -1v - - 5v +

+ +
2v 4v
- -
- VH +

11
KVL and Parallel Circuits

12
KVL Example

i3 5 2v
i1 + V0 -

20 i2 10
10V

13
Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)

ientering = ileaving

14
KCL and Series Circuits

15
KCL Example

i3 5 2v
i1 + V0 -

20 i2 10
10V

16
Summary

Introduced KVL and KCL

Applied KVL to parallel elements
Applied KCL to series elements
Solved a simple circuit using
Kirchhoffs Laws

17
 Review of
Impedance

Dr. Bonnie H. Ferri

Professor and Associate Chair
School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering

Review of Impedance for Analyzing AC Circuits

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Lesson Objectives
Review
Impedances for steady-state sinusoidal inputs (AC)

19
Impedances

In-phase Current leads voltage Current lags voltage

Frequency invariant

20
Impedances in Series

21
Impedances in Parallel

22
Kirchhoffs Laws

23
Series RC
+

Vi Vo
-

24
Series RLC

+
Vi Vo
-

25
Summary

Introduced KVL and KCL

Applied KVL to parallel elements
Applied KCL to series elements
Solved a simple circuit using
Kirchhoffs Laws

26
 Review of
Transfer Functions

Dr. Bonnie H. Ferri

Professor and Associate Chair
School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering

Review of transfer functions for characterizing circuits

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Lesson Objectives
Review transfer functions
To characterize a circuit
To find frequency response curves

28
Transfer Function Two-Port Networks

Vi(t) = Aincos(t + in) H() Vo(t) = Aoutcos(t + out)

H()Vi = Vo
H()A inin = A out out
A out = H() Ain out = H() + in

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Summary of Simple Circuits
+ 1
Vi Vo H() =
- 1 + RCj

+ RCj
Vo H() =
Vi - 1 + RCj

+ 1
Vo
H() =
Vi
-
1 2LC + RCj
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Summary

Defined transfer function for Two-Port

Networks
Showed transfer functions of simple circuits

31
 Review of Frequency
Response Plots
(Bode)
Dr. Bonnie H. Ferri
Professor and Associate Chair
School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering

Review of linear plots and Bode plots to show the frequency

characteristics of signals and circuits

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Lesson Objectives

Define the frequency response for a transfer function H()

Magnitude Plot: |H()| vs

Angle Plot: H() vs

Show linear plots and Bode plots

33
Frequency Response 1

0.8

Magnitude
0.6

+ 0.4

Vi Vo 0.2
-
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000

Transfer Function 0

1
-20

H() =

Angle (deg)
1 + RCj
-40

-60
1
H() = -80

1 + (RC)2 -100
0 200 400 600 800 1000

H() = a tan(RC)
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Circuit Response
1.5
2
1
1
0.5

Vo

v(t)
v(t)

Vi
0 0

-1
-0.5

-1
-2
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Time (sec) -1.5
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Time (sec)

Vi = cos(50t) + cos(800t) Vo = 0.95cos(50t-20o) + 0.13cos(800t-85o)

1 0

0.8 -20
Magnitude

Angle (deg)
0.6 -40

0.4 -60

0.2 -80

0 -100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000

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Bode Plots

1 10 100 1000 Frequency (rad/sec) or f (Hz)

1 10 100 1000 Frequency (rad/sec) or f (Hz)

36
Linear Plot and Bode Plot
1 0

-5

Magnitude (dB)
0.8
Magnitude

0.6 -10

0.4 -15

0.2 -20

0 -25 0 1 2 3
0 200 400 600 800 1000 10 10 10 10

0 0

-20 -20

Angle(deg)
Angle (deg)

-40 -40

-60 -60

-80 -80

-100 -100 0 1 2 3
0 200 400 600 800 1000 10 10 10 10
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Bode Plot First-Order Characteristics
0
1
-5
H() =
Magnitude (dB)

-10 1 + jRC
-15 1
-20
H() =
1 + (RC) 2
-25 0 1 2 3
10 10

10 10
H() = a tan(RC)
0

-20
Angle(deg)

-40

-60

-80

-100 0 1 2 3
10 10 10 10
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Bode Plot of RLC Circuit, Overdamped
0 L R
Magnitude (dB)

-20 +
+ C
- v vc
-40 - s
-
-60

-80 1 1
10
2
10 10
3 4
10
5
10 H () =
0
(1 LC2 ) + RCj

-50
Angle(deg)

-100

-150

-200 1 2 3 4 5
10 10 10 10 10
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Bode Plot of RLC Circuit, Underdamped
Magnitude (dB) 20

-20

-40

-60 1 2 3 4 5
10 10 10 10 10

0

-50
Angle(deg)

-100

-150

-200 1 2 3 4 5
10 10 10 10 10

40
Summary
A is a plot of the transfer function
versus frequency
The frequency response can be used to determine the
steady-state sinusoidal response of a circuit at different
frequencies

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