EPC CPF PHASE 2

AT BADRA OILFIELD, IRAQ

DOCUMENT DETAILS

EMPLOYER CONTRACT NO. : 090-13-BD-205-00

PROJECT : EPC CPF PHASE 2 AT BADRA OILFIELD, IRAQ

EMPLOYER : Gazprom Neft Badra B.V.

EMPLOYER JOB NO. : GB090

CONTRACTOR : Samsung Engineering Co. Ltd

CONTRACTOR JOB NO. : SG-2614

DOCUMENT NO. : GB090-2614-299-EL-CL-0001

REVISION NO. : 1 No. of pages (incl. sheet) : 19

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION : ACSR SIZE SELECTING REPORT

1 Issued for Design 02/05/2017 I.G. Jin G.M Park Y.B Roh J.S.Kim

0 Issued for Design 11/04/2017 I.G. Jin G.M Park Y.B Roh J.S.Kim

B Issued for Approval 23/03/2017 I.G. Jin G.M Park Y.B Roh J.S.Kim

A Issued for Review 23/03/2017 I.G. Jin G.M Park Y.B Roh J.S.Kim

Rev Description Date Prepared Checked Approved EM/PD

Electronic Filename : GB090-2614-299-EL-CL-0001_1.pdf Doc Size : A4

 EPC CPF PHASE 2 AT BADRA OILFIELD, IRAQ
ACSR SIZE SELECTING REPORT
Doc No.: GB090-2614-299-EL-CL-0001 Rev. : 1 Page : 2 of 19

SUMMARY OF DOCUMENT REVISIONS

Date
Rev. Section Revised Revision Description
Revised
A 23/03/2017 Issued for Review Issued for Employer Review

B 23/03/2017 Issued for Approval Issued for Employer Approval

0 11/04/2017 Issued for Design Issued for Employer Design

1 02/05/2017 Issued for Design Issued for Employer Design

 [ACSR & OPGW Size Selecting Report]

PROJECT TITLE: EPC CPF PHASE 2 AT BADRA OILFIELD, IRAQ

EMPLOYER: Gazprom Neft Badra B.V.

CONTRACTOR SAMSUNG ENGINEERIGN CO.,LTD.

SUBCONTRACOTR SEAN ENGINEEING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.

SECL P.O. Number: 4500153869-2

ITEM DESCRIPTION 33kV OHTL PACKAGE FOR IRAQ BADRA CPF-II

DOC.NUMBER: GB090-2614-299-CN-GA-0001

1 17.05.02 FOR APPROVAL Y.S.JEON S.Y.LEE I.G.JIN

0 17.03.23 FOR APPROVAL Y.S.JEON S.Y.LEE I.G.JIN

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION MADE BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY

SEAN ENGINEERING
& CONSTRUCTION CO.,LTD.

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO. LTD.

Gazprom Neft Badra B.V.

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction And Scope ............................................................................................... 3

1.1 Scope ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Definitions ................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Ambient Conditions .................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Order of Precedence .................................................................................................... 4
2.0 Reference Documents ................................................................................................... 4
2.1 International Standards ................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Project Specification and Procedures .......................................................................... 4
3.0 33 kV OHL Conductor Sizing Calculation ................................................................. 5
3.1 Rated Current of 33 kV OHL ...................................................................................... 5
3.2 Short Circuit Rating .................................................................................................... 5

3.3 Voltage Drop at Steady State Temperature (90C) ..................................................... 7

3.4 Line Efficiency at Steady State Temperature (90C) .................................................. 7

3.5 Ampacity/Continuous (Steady State) Current Carrying Capacity Calculation ........... 8
4.0 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 9
5.0 Guaranteed Technical Specification of ACSR/AW HAWK Conductor............ 10
Annexure 1: Layout Drawing of 33 kV OHL ...................................................................... 11
Annexure 2: IEC CODE 200, conductor specification from Vendor................................ 12
Annexure 3: HAWK Conductor specification from Vendor ............................................. 14
 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE

Samsung Engineering Co. Ltd is the contractor for project- EPC CPF Phase 2 at Badra
Oilfield, Iraq. The part of scope of work includes the design and installation of the 33 kV
transmission line for connection from CPF to Badra City and Permanent Camp for power
requirement of min. 12.5 MW which include 10 MW to Badra City grid substation and
2.5 MW for permanent Camp. And the route length between CPF to Badra City is 12 km
and from Tap off point to Permanent Camp is 4km approximately as shown in Annexure
1 layout drawing of 33 kV OHL.

1.1 Scope
The scope of this document include the conductor sizing for 33 kV OHL that connect
CPF to Badra City and Permanent Camp and suitable for power flow of min. 12.5 MW.

1.2 Definitions

Throughout this document the following definition shall apply

Employer : Gazprom Neft Badra B.V.
Contractor : Samsung Engineering Co. Ltd
Project : EPC CPF Phase 2 at Badra Oilfield Iraq
Sub-Contractor : SEAN Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd

1.3 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in this document
AC Alternating Current
ACSR Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced
CPF Central Processing Facility
IEC International Electro technical Commission
MV Medium voltage (phase-to-phase voltage between 1 kV and 35 kV)
OHL Overhead Line
MW Mega Watt
MVA Mega Volt Ampere
SC Short Circuit
kV Kilo Volt
kA Kilo Ampere
EPC Engineering, Procurement & Construction
A Ampere
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
CCC Current Carrying Capacity
1.4 Ambient Conditions
In accordance with article 4.2 of GB090-2614-250-EL-SP-0015

1.5 Order of Precedence

In the event of apparent technical conflict occurring in applying this design and
specification and reference documents, the following order of precedence shall apply
1. Iraqi(local) Rule and Regulation
2. Approved Project Specification and Procedure referenced in this document
3. This specification
4. Other specification and standards referenced in this document or any equivalent or
higher standards.

2.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

2.1 International Standards
Generally the latest revision of following IEC standard and other documents.
IEC 60038 IEC Standard Voltage
IEC 61089 Round Wire Concentric lay overhead electrical stranded conductors
IEC 60865 Short Circuit Currents-Calculation of effects
IEC 61597 Overhead Electrical Conductor-Calculation methods for stranded bare
conductors
IEEE 738 IEEE standard for calculating the Current-Temperature of Bare
Conductors
ASTM Standard Specification for Concentric-Lay-Stranded Aluminium
B232/B232M Conductors, Coated-Steel Reinforced (ACSR)

2.2 Project Specification and Procedures

GB090-2614-250-EL-SP-0015 Specification for overhead lines
GB090-2614-250-EL-MR-0015 Material Requisition for 33 kV Overhead Line Package
GB090-2614-299-CN-RP-0001 Topographic Survey Report
3.0 33 KV OHL CONDUCTOR SIZING CALCULATION

The overhead line conductor shall be sized based on IEC 61597 for ampacity and IEC
60865 for Short Circuit rating.
The scheduled overhead line loading on each 33 KV branches, Phase 2, Badra Oilfield,
Iraq is based on:

Scheduled Loading MVA rating with

S.N 33 kV Overhead Lines
(MW) 0.85 PF
1 CPF to Badra City 10.00 11.765
2 Tap-off Point to Permanent Camp 2.50 2.942
Total 12.50 14.707

3.1 Rated Current of 33 kV OHL

Power (P) = 3 V I
14.707 MVA = 1.732 33 kV I
I = 257.30 A
But, according the project specification, GB090-2614-250-EL-MR-0015, minimum
current carrying capacity of aluminium conductor (ACSR) is 496 A. considering rated
current is 280 A, the factor of safety is min. 1.93. In other word, line should be designed
with min. rated power of 28.35 MVA.
Hence, OHL conductor shall be sized to carry minimum rated current of 496 A. As per
IEC 61597, the conductor with IEC CODE 125 or cross section area 125mm2 is required
1
to carry minimum 496 A current.

3.2 Short Circuit Rating

Minimum 33 kV OHL conductor cross section area required to withstand the Short Circuit
Current (SC) of magnitude 25 kA is calculated as per IEC 60865, A.9 Figure 13, and Page
113.

3.2.1 Inputs
Short Circuit Rating(Isc) 25 kA
Short Circuit duration (Tsc) 1 Sec
Conductor Temperature before fault ( ) 90 C
Maximum Conductor Temperature after fault condition ( ) 640* C

*Though the maximum conductor temperature as per Table 6, IEC 60865 at short circuit is
200 C, whereas, according to article 3.2.3 of IEEE 738 allows the conductor temperature
rise close to melting point of conductor material, so, 640 C has been considered.
 3.2.2 Calculation
()
= ......................................Ref. Equation (68), IEC 60865

Isc = Short Circuit rating of the Conductor

A = Cross Section Area of Conductor in Sq.m
Tsc = Short Circuit duration in seconds
K = Constant
Where,

+ ( )
=
+ ( )

With the following date of material:

(Ref. IEC 6085 page 113) 1

Aluminium Alloy
Symbol Unit Copper Aluminium Conductor Steel
Steel Reinforced (ACSR)
J/(kg) 390 910 480
Kg/m3 8900 2700 7850
1/(m) 56.106 34.8.106 7.25.106
1/) 0.0039 0.004 0.0045

K= 146217581.90

Therefore, = ()

= 0.000170978 Sq.m
= 170.98 Sq.mm
Hence minimum Aluminium cross-section area of 33 kV OHL Conductor to
withstand the short circuit level of 25 kA for 1s is 170.98 Sq.mm.
There is no standard conductor with cross section area of 170.98 Sq.mm. So, from the
short circuit analysis the conductor, IEC code 200 (IEC 61089) or 200 mm2 is 1

acceptable.

Now, voltage drop analysis and line efficiency analysis are performed for IEC code 200
conductor or the conductor with cross section 200 mm2. 1
3.3 Voltage Drop at Steady State Temperature (90C)
Resistance at 90C (R) = 0.185135 /Km, *Note 1, *Note 2

Inductive Reactance of Line ( ) = 0.22850 /Km, *Note 3

Critical Route Length (L) = 12 Km
Current (I) = 257.30 A
Rated Line to Line Voltage (V) = 33 kV
Rated Phase to Neutral Voltage = 19.053 kV
Power factor of line = 0.85 (cos= 0.85 and sin =0.53)
Voltage Drop at rated current = ( + ) L
Voltage Drop at rated current = 0.8598 kV

% Voltage Drop = 4.51 % < 10% Acceptable *Note 4

*Note1. Ref. Conductor, IEC CODE 200 (61089) and IEC 61597

*Note2. Ref. Conductor, IEC CODE 200 (61089) or Annexure 2, for resistance at 20 C

*Note3. Ref Conductor, IEC CODE 200 and, Table B.6, IEC 61597
*Note4. Ref. Article 4.3 GB090-2614-250-EL-SP-0015

3.4 Line Efficiency at Steady State Temperature (90C)

Power Loss of Line = 3 2 R
= 3 257.32 0.185135 16
= 0.59 MW
12.5
So, Line Efficiency = 100
(12.5+0.59)
= 95.49%.........Marginally Acceptable
Therefore, Conductor with IEC code 200 (IEC 61089) or 200mm2 or its equivalent
conductor is suitable to cater 12.5 MW & 25 kA, 1 sec for 33 kV Line, with
acceptable efficiency even at steady state temperature.
However, considering future additional power to be catered by same the 33 kV line
and more safety, the higher size conductor, with IEC code 250 (26/7) (IEC 61089) or
250mm2 or its equivalent conductor HAWK (241.6 mm2, ASTM B232) is 1
recommended for this line.
 3.5 Ampacity/Continuous (Steady State) Current Carrying Capacity
Calculation
Conductor: IEC 61089 CODE 250 (26/7) or HAWK (ASTM B232)
Reference Standard: IEC 61597
Description Unit Symbol Data Remarks
Conductor Diameter mm D 21.80 *Note1
Intensity of Solar Radiation W/m^2 900 *Note2
Ambient Temperature C t1 20 *Note2
Final Equilibrium Temperature C t2 80 *Note2
Ambient Temperature K T1 293 *Note2
Final Equilibrium Temperature K T2 353 *Note2
Wind Speed m/s V 1 *Note2
Electrical (DC) Resistance @ 20C /km Rdc(20) 0.1195 *Note1
Resistance Thermal Coefficient @ 20C - 0.00403 *Note2

Solar Heat Gain

Solar Radiation Absorption Coefficient - 0.5 *Note2
= . . W/m 11.44564

Radiation Heat Loss

Stefen-Boltzman Constant W/m^2.K^2 Sb 5.67E-08
Emissivity Coefficient - Ke 0.6 *Note2
= . . . . ( )
W/m 23.65540

Convection Heat Loss

Thermal Conductivity W/m.k . 0.02585 *Note2
= (. ). . . . [ + . ( )]^(-1.78)
- Re 604.12688
= (. ). + (. ).
- Nu 13.77405
= . Nu. ( ( ). W/m 78.17101

Electrical Resistance Rdc Q(T) Rac(T)

Rac @ Ambient Temperature /km 0.13635 1.00121 0.13652
Rac @ Final Equilibrium Temperature /km 0.14839 1.001 0.14854
Rac @ Final Short Circuit Temperature /km 0.41808 0.99994 0.41806

Continuous Current Carrying Capacity, 90C

( + )
= A 852.15

*Note1. Ref. Annexure 3

*Note 2. Ref. IEC 61597
4.0 CONCLUSION

Conductor with IEC code 250 (26/7) (IEC 61089) 250mm2 or its equivalent conductor
HAWK (241.6 mm2 , ASTM B232) is suitable for catering the minimum 28.35 MVA, 25kA, 1
1 sec, including additional power in future through 33 kV medium voltage transmission line
and with sufficient safety.
5.0 GUARANTEED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF
ACSR/AW HAWK CONDUCTOR

Parameter Unit Conductor

Name of Manufacturer/Vendor To be furnished by purchaser
ASCR/AW, HAWK or
Conductor Name & Type
Equivalent IEC Conductor
Reference Standard ASTM B232 or Equivalent IEC
Number & Diameter of Strands No.x mm 26AL/3.44 + 7ST/2.68
Overall Diameter mm 21.80
Guaranteed Ultimate Tensile Strength kN Min 81.00
Final Modulus of Elasticity N/mm2 77000
Lay direction of outer layer Right Hand(Z)
Coefficient of Liner Expansion 1/degree 18.9 10-6
D.C. Resistance at 20 /km 0.1195
Stranded Weight (Without Grease) Kg/m 0.975
To be furnished by purchaser
Weight of Grease Kg/m (according ASTM B232 or IEC
61089, case-2)
Standard Length on drum m Min. 2000
Weight of complete drum kg To be furnished by purchaser
ANNEXURE 1: LAYOUT DRAWING OF 33 KV OHL
 Battery limits and estimated configuration of OHL-33 kV to Badra

Battery limit 1

Last tower at Badra site

N 33o 7'16.28'
E 45o 56'22.64
10 MW to Badra

Battery limit 2
0.4 kV CB
33/0.4 kV
2.5 MW to Camp
3150 kVA
XLPE Cable
0.4 kV
<100 m
OHL-33 kV

- 33 kV line isolator

- 33 kV Reclosers
to CPF

Recommended type of poles

ANNEXURE 2: IEC CODE 200, CONDUCTOR
SPECIFICATION FROM VENDOR
ACSR
ACSR
Aluminium Conductor Galvanized Steel Reinforced
Standard Specification : IEC 61089 : 1991

Galvanized Steel

Aluminium

Technical Properties
Number / Diameter Calculated Cross DC
Approx. Approx. Calculated Current Standard
of Wire Section Area Resistance
Size Overall Weight of Breaking Carrying Length
at 20 C
Al GSW Al GSW Diameter Conductor Load Capacity * per Reel
Max.
mm No. / mm No. / mm mm mm mm kg/km kN Ohm/km A m
16 6 / 1.84 1 / 1.84 16.0 2.7 5.52 64 6.08 1.7934 149 2,000
25 6 / 2.30 1 / 2.30 24.9 4.2 6.90 101 9.13 1.1478 198 2,000
40 6 / 2.91 1 / 2.91 39.9 6.7 8.73 161 14.40 0.7174 267 2,000
63 6 / 3.66 1 / 3.66 63.1 10.5 10.98 255 21.63 0.4555 358 2,000
100 6 / 4.61 1 / 4.61 100.1 16.7 13.83 405 34.33 0.2869 481 2,000
125 18 / 2.97 1 / 2.97 124.7 6.9 14.85 397 29.17 0.2304 549 2,000
125 26 / 2.47 7 / 1.92 124.6 20.3 15.64 503 45.69 0.2310 557 2,000
160 18 / 3.36 1 / 3.36 159.6 8.9 16.80 509 36.18 0.1800 643 2,000
160 26 / 2.80 7 / 2.18 160.1 26.1 17.74 648 57.69 0.1805 652 2,000
200 18 / 3.76 1 / 3.76 199.9 11.1 18.80 637 44.22 0.1440 743 2,000
200 26 / 3.13 7 / 2.43 200.1 32.5 19.81 808 70.13 0.1444 754 2,000
250 22 / 3.80 7 / 2.11 249.5 24.5 21.53 865 68.72 0.1154 865 2,000
250 26 / 3.50 7 / 2.72 250.1 40.7 22.16 1,011 87.67 0.1155 872 2,000
315 45 / 2.99 7 / 1.99 316.0 21.8 23.91 1,045 79.03 0.0917 998 2,000
315 26 / 3.93 7 / 3.05 315.4 51.1 24.87 1,273 106.83 0.0917 1,012 2,000
400 45 / 3.36 7 / 2.24 399.0 27.6 26.88 1,320 98.36 0.0722 1,164 2,000
400 54 / 3.07 7 / 3.07 399.7 51.8 27.63 1,512 123.04 0.0723 1,173 2,000
450 45 / 3.57 7 / 2.38 450.4 31.1 28.56 1,490 107.47 0.0642 1,255 2,000
450 54 / 3.26 7 / 3.26 450.7 58.4 29.34 1,705 138.42 0.0643 1,266 2,000
500 45 / 3.76 7 / 2.51 499.7 34.6 30.09 1,654 119.41 0.0578 1,343 2,000
500 54 / 3.43 7 / 3.43 499.0 64.7 30.87 1,887 153.80 0.0578 1,355 2,000
560 45 / 3.98 7 / 2.65 559.8 38.6 31.83 1,852 133.74 0.0516 1,444 2,000
560 54 / 3.63 19 / 2.18 558.9 70.9 32.68 2,111 172.59 0.0516 1,458 2,000
630 45 / 4.22 7 / 2.81 629.4 43.4 33.75 2,082 150.45 0.0459 1,557 2,000
630 54 / 3.85 19 / 2.31 628.6 79.6 34.65 2,373 191.77 0.0459 1,572 2,000
710 45 / 4.48 7 / 2.99 709.3 49.2 35.85 2,348 169.56 0.0407 1,680 2,000
710 54 / 4.09 19 / 2.45 709.5 89.6 36.79 2,676 216.12 0.0407 1,696 1,000
800 72 / 3.76 7 / 2.51 799.5 34.6 30.09 2,495 167.41 0.0361 1,800 2,000

* Note :
Ambient temperature : 20o C Conductivity of Al : 61% IACS
wind velocity : 1 m/sec Solar absorbtion coefficient : 0.5
Continuous operating temperature of conductor : 80C Emissivity with respect to black body : 0.6

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ANNEXURE 3: HAWK CONDUCTOR SPECIFICATION
FROM VENDOR
Technical Properties
Number / Diameter Calculated Cross DC
Approx. Approx. Calculated Current Standard
of Wire Section Area Resistance
Overall Weight of Breaking Carrying Length
Type at 20 C
Al AS Al AS Diameter Conductor Load Capacity * per Reel
Max.
No. / mm No. / mm mm mm mm kg/km kN Ohm/km A m
Condor 54 / 3.08 7 / 3.08 402.3 52.2 27.72 1,459 124 0.06893 893 2,000
Tern 45 / 3.38 7 / 2.25 403.8 27.8 27.03 1,302 96 0.07028 878 2,000
Drake 26 / 4.44 7 / 3.45 402.6 65.4 28.11 1,547 136 0.06814 901 2,000
Cuckoo 24 / 4.62 7 / 3.08 402.3 52.2 27.72 1,459 122 0.06889 893 2,000
Coot 36 / 3.77 1 / 3.77 401.9 11.2 26.39 1,180 74 0.07093 868 2,000
Redwing 30 / 3.92 19 / 2.35 362.1 82.4 27.43 1,551 149 0.07438 858 2,000
Starling 26 / 4.21 7 / 3.28 361.9 59.1 26.68 1,393 122 0.07571 843 2,000
Stilt 24 / 4.39 7 / 2.92 363.3 46.9 26.32 1,316 110 0.07650 836 2,000
Gannet 26 / 4.07 7 / 3.16 338.3 54.9 25.8 1,299 116 0.08128 806 2,000
Flamingo 24 / 4.23 7 / 2.82 337.3 43.7 25.4 1,223 103 0.08213 799 2,000
Egret 30 / 3.70 19 / 2.22 322.6 73.5 25.9 1,382 133 0.08365 796 2,000
Scoter 30 / 3.70 7 / 3.70 322.6 75.3 25.9 1,393 130 0.08350 797 2,000
Grosbeak 26 / 3.97 7 / 3.09 321.8 52.5 25.2 1,238 110 0.08518 782 2,000
Rook 24 / 4.14 7 / 2.76 323.1 41.9 24.8 1,171 98 0.08623 775 2,000
Swift 36 / 3.38 1 / 3.38 323.0 9.0 23.7 949 61 0.08863 754 2,000
Kingbird 18 / 4.78 1 / 4.78 323.0 17.9 23.9 1,008 67 0.08779 759 2,000
Teal 30 / 3.61 19 / 2.16 307.1 69.6 25.2 1,313 127 0.08793 771 2,000
Wood Duck 30 / 3.61 7 / 3.61 307.1 71.6 25.3 1,326 126 0.08777 772 2,000
Squab 26 / 3.87 7 / 3.01 305.8 49.8 24.5 1,176 105 0.08958 757 2,000
Peacock 24 / 4.03 7 / 2.69 306.1 39.8 24.2 1,110 93 0.09047 751 2,000
Eagle 30 / 3.46 7 / 3.46 282.1 65.8 24.2 1,218 119 0.09545 732 2,000
Dove 26 / 3.72 7 / 2.89 282.6 45.9 23.6 1,086 97 0.09736 719 2,000
Parakeet 24 / 3.87 7 / 2.58 282.3 36.6 23.2 1,023 86 0.09840 712 2,000
Ospray 18 / 4.47 1 / 4.47 282.5 15.7 22.4 881 59 0.1004 697 2,000
Hen 30 / 3.20 7 / 3.20 241.3 56.3 22.4 1,042 104 0.1114 663 2,000
Hawk 26 / 3.44 7 / 2.68 241.6 39.5 21.8 930 84 0.1137 651 2,000
Flicker 24 / 3.58 7 / 2.39 241.6 31.4 21.5 876 74 0.1148 645 2,000
Pelican 18 / 4.14 1 / 4.14 242.3 13.5 20.7 756 51 0.1171 632 2,000
Lark 30 / 2.92 7 / 2.92 200.9 46.9 20.4 867 87 0.1336 590 2,000
Ibis 26 / 3.14 7 / 2.44 201.3 32.7 19.9 774 70 0.1365 579 2,000
Brant 24 / 3.27 7 / 2.18 201.6 26.1 19.6 731 63 0.1378 574 2,000
Chickadee 18 / 3.77 1 / 3.77 200.9 11.2 18.9 627 44 0.1405 562 2,000
Oriole 30 / 2.69 7 / 2.69 170.5 39.8 18.8 736 74 0.1579 530 2,000
Linnet 26 / 2.89 7 / 2.25 170.6 27.8 18.3 656 60 0.1612 520 2,000
Merlin 18 / 3.47 1 / 3.47 170.2 9.5 17.4 531 38 0.1661 505 2,000
Ostrich 26 / 2.73 7 / 2.12 152.2 24.7 17.3 585 54 0.1807 483 2,000
Partridge 26 / 2.57 7 / 2.00 134.9 22.0 16.3 519 48 0.2031 448 2,000
Waxwing 18 / 3.09 1 / 3.09 135.0 7.5 15.5 421 30 0.2095 435 2,000
Penguin 6 / 4.77 1 / 4.77 107.2 17.9 14.3 412 34 0.2534 387 2,000
Cochin 12 / 3.37 7 / 3.37 107.0 62.4 16.9 709 88 0.2259 429 2,000
Brahma 16 / 2.86 19 / 2.48 102.8 91.8 18.1 893 121 0.2162 448 2,000
Dorking 12 / 3.20 7 / 3.20 96.5 56.3 16.0 640 81 0.2502 402 2,000
Dotterel 12 / 3.08 7 / 3.08 89.4 52.2 15.4 593 75 0.2698 383 2,000
Pigeon 6 / 4.25 1 / 4.25 85.1 14.2 12.8 327 28 0.3196 334 2,000

*Note :
Ambient temperature : 35o C Conductivity of Al : 61% IACS
wind velocity : 0.6 m/sec Solar absorbtion coefficient : 0.5
Continuous operating temperature of conductor : 80C Emissivity with respect to black body : 0.6

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