MIMO Mode Control

Overview
Overview

Main contribution to high spectral efficiency

MIMO is the deployment of multiple antennas at Tx and Rx
3GPP defines 7 DL transmission modes
RL30 allows for DL:
- Transmission on single antenna port (SISO/SIMO)
- TX diversity (2x2)
- Static open loop spatial multiplexing (2x2)
- Dynamic open loop: TX diversity (2x2) open loop spatial multiplexing
- Adaptive closed loop (Single stream CL SM Dual stream CL SM)
Overview
MIMO

Data Transmission Number of Antennas Number of Users

Pre-Coding SISO SU-MIMO

(beamforming) (Single Input Single Output) (Single User MIMO)
single data stream sent over
multiple input antennas

pre-coding
MISO
(Multiple Input Single Output)
X

Spatial Multiplexing
multiple data stream sent over SIMO
multiple input antennas (Single Input Multiple Output) MU-MIMO
pre-coding

X1



Xn
MIMO
(Multiple Input Multiple Output)
Diversity Coding
single data stream sent over
multiple input antennas
with different coding
e.g. CDMA soft handover
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output MIMO Principle (1/2)
Signal from jth Tx antenna
Sj
T1 R1

MIMO
Input T2 R2 Processor Output

MxN
Tm MIMO Rn
system
MIMO: Multiple-Input Multiple Output
M transmit antennas, N receive antennas form MxN MIMO system
huge data stream (input) distributed toward m spatial distributed antennas; m parallel bit streams (Input 1..m)
Spatial Multiplexing generate parallel virtual data pipes
using Multipath effects instead of mitigating them
MIMO Principle (2/2)
Signal from jth Tx antenna Signal at ith Rx antenna
Sj h1,1
Yi
T1 h2,1 R1
hn,1 h1,m
h1,2

h2,2
MIMO
hn,2
Input T2 h2,m R2 Processor Output

hn,m

Tm MxN Rn
MIMO
h1,1 h1,2 h1,m Receiver learns Channel Matrix H
h2,1 h2,2 h2,m inverted Matrix H-1 used for recalculation
H=






of original input data streams 1..m

m
yi = hi , j s j + ni
hn,1 hn,2 hn,m
ni: Noise at receiver

j =1
3GPP Rel8 Transmission Modes (1/2)

Mode 1 Mode 3
Single antenna port; port 0 Open loop spatial multiplexing.
1 TX antenna transmitting always on Multiple antennas transmitting
port 0. different signals.
No feedback from the UE used.
Improves user data rate.

Mode 2 Mode 4
Closed Loop spatial multiplexing.
Transmit diversity.
Multiple antennas transmitting
Multiple antennas transmit same different signals.
signal.
Feedback from the UE used.
Improves SINR.
Improves user data rate.
3GPP Rel8 Transmission Modes (2/2)

Mode 5
Multi user MIMO.
Multiple antennas transmitting to
different UEs in the cell.
Increase sector capacity.
Mode 7
Single Antenna port; port 5.
Beamforming.
UE specific reference signals are
generated for feedback.

Mode 6
Closed-loop Rank=1 precoding.
Beamforming.
UE signals back the suitable precoding
for the beamforming operation.
RL30 supported transmission modes (DL)
Single-antenna port; port 0
Transmit diversity
Open-loop spatial multiplexing
Dynamic Open loop MIMO
Closed-loop spatial multiplexing
numOfTxPorts
Number of antenna ports
LNCEL; 1 (0), 2 (1); 2 (1)
RL10 (MIMO: max 2x2)
RL20 enhancements; max (2x2)
dlMimoMode
Number of antenna ports
LNCEL; SingleTX (0), TXDiv (1),
Static Open Loop MIMO (2),
Dynamic Open Loop MIMO (3),
Closed Loop Mimo (4); TxDiv (1)
Overview
Single antenna port transmission
Single antenna port transmission
1x1 SISO or 1x2 SIMO
Supported: DL and UL
Flexi eNB supports 2-branch RX diversity (future: 4-branch)
- SINR enhanced
- Based on Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC)
- Additional gain from MRC: up to 6 dB (10% BLER, depending on conditions)
- Requires: uncorrelated antennas, x-polarized or d > 10 x wavelength

Transmission on a single antenna port, port 0: DL processing

Layer
Mapper Precoding

Complex symbols after

scrambling and modulation RE mapping
1 Layer OFDM signal generation
(Rank = 1)
Transmit diversity
Transmit Diversity

2x2 based on Space Frequency Block Coding (SFBC); future: also 4x4
Supported: DL
Increases robustness, enhances cell edge performance
Link budget gain: min 3 dB wrt 1x2 case (Tx power per Tx branch as in single ant. case)
capacity and coverage enhancements
Rank 1 transmission, i.e. no multiplication of data rates
aka Alamouti scheme

Coverage improvement example:

- 592 m 808 m (dense urban)

- 694 m 948 m (urban)
- 2024 m 2970 m (suburban)
- 7665 m 11248 m (rural)

Single antenna Tx
Tx Div
Tx Diversity
RE mapping, OFDM signal
Example: 2 antenna ports
Symbols after scrambling
and modulation,
1 code word
2 layers (but: rank = 1)
y(0)
x(0)
Layer Precoding
Mapper y(1)
x(1)

y ( 0 ) ( 2i )
(1)
1

0 j 0 Re

(x (0)
)
(i )

- X* X*

y ( 2i ) = 1 0 1 0 j Re (x (1)
)
(i )
y ( 0 ) ( 2i + 1)
(1)
2 0

1 0 j Im

(x (0)
)
(i )

y ( 2i + 1) 1 0 j 0 Im (x (1)
)
(i )
Feedback:
CQI
RI
Open loop spatial multiplexing
OL Spatial Multiplexing
Overall precoding is given by:
Rank 2 transmission throughput enhancements
W= WxP with P =UxD
2 code words
Precoding based on large delay CDD: W D U
code book (no PMI feedback, i.e. open loop): 1 1 0

2 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
precoding matrix W: D: 0 e j 2i 2 U: 1 e j 2 2
2
2 1 1

1 1 1

2 j j

Layer Precoding
Mapper

2 data streams are supported

RE map, OFDM signal

Symbols after scrambling and modulation, 2 code words

Feedback:
CQI
*CDD = Cyclic Delay Diversity
RI
Closed loop spatial multiplexing
CL Spatial Multiplexing single stream
closed loop rank 1 with precoding 1 1

1 code word 2 1

Precoding w/o CDD: matrix W 1 1

2 1
code book based precoding matrix W:
1 1
no code book restriction
2 j
UE feedback: precoding matrix indicator (PMI)
1 1

2 j

Layer Precoding
Mapper

1 data stream
Feedback:
Symbols after scrambling and modulation, 1 code word CQI
RI
PMI
CL Spatial Multiplexing dual stream
Rank 2 transmission throughput enhancements
2 code words
Precoding w/o CDD 1 1 1

2 1 1
code book based precoding matrix W:
UE feedback: precoding matrix indicator (PMI) 1 1 1

2 j j

Layer Precoding
Mapper

2 data streams are supported

Feedback:
CQI
RI
PMI
Dynamic Open loop MIMO
Dynamic Open loop MIMO

Depending on Radio Conditions:

switch between Transmit Diversity and Spatial Multiplexing
- Open loop MIMO Switch Algorithm
- Open loop adaptive MIMO Algorithm
- Support of UE Capabilities
- UE basis
- CQI and Rank Information: used as switching criteria

Spatial
Multiplex
Diversity
x
Dynamic MIMO mode

Simulation Results (Source 4GMAX)

Dynamic (Adaptive) OL Switching
Various parameters are to support adaptive switching between 1-stream Transmit
Diversity and 2-stream Spatial Multiplexing:
mimoOlCqiThD - This defines the CQI Threshold Downgrade Switch::
for fallback to Open Loop MIMO diversity (in CQI). If

mimoOlCqiThU - This defines the CQI Threshold mimoCQI <= mimoDivCqiThDownOL

or
for activation of Open Loop MIMO Spatial Multiplexing (in
mimoRANK <= mimoDivRiThDownOL
CQI).
mimoOlRiThD - This defines the Rank Threshold Upgrade Switch :
for fallback to Open Loop MIMO diversity. If
mimoCQI > mimoSmCqiThUpOL
mimoOlRiThU - This defines the Rank Threshold and
for activation of Open Loop MIMO Spatial Multiplexing. mimoRANK > mimoSmRiThUpOL

mimoOlCqiThD mimoOlCqiThU mimoOlRiThU

CQI Threshold For
mimoOlRiThD Rank Threshold For
CQI Threshold For Rank Threshold For
Activation Of Open Loop Activation Of Open Loop
Fallback To Open Loop Fallback To Open Loop
MIMO Spatial MIMO Spatial
MIMO diversity MIMO diversity
Multiplexing Multiplexing
LNCEL; 0...16; 0.1 ; 7 LNCEL; 1...2; 0.05 ; 1.4
LNCEL; 0...16; 0.1 ; 8 LNCEL; 1...2; 0.05 ; 1.6
Dynamic Open Loop MIMO mode

CQI SM SM

mimoOlCqiThU
mimoOlCqiThD

Time
Filtered:
Filtered
RI cqi, ri

mimoOlRiThU Inactivity:
Inactivity:
Aging
aging
mimoOlRiThD applied

Time
Adaptive Close loop MIMO
MIMO Adaptive Closed Loop

Feature LTE703 defines the use of Adaptive Closed Loop (CL) MIMO.
The eNB scheduler selects Spatial Multiplexing dynamically while applying
closed loop MIMO for two antennas.
The adaptive algorithm provides the gain of high peak rates (dual stream) when
close to the cell and good cell edge performance (single stream).
Spatial multiplexing is applied only for the PDSCH.

Dual
Stream Single
x Stream

x Adaptive Switching
Dynamic (Adaptive) CL Switching

Various parameters are added to RL15TD to support adaptive switching between

CL MIMO 1 CW Mode and CL MIMO 2 CW Mode:
mimoClCqiThD - This defines the CQI Threshold
for fallback to closed loop MIMO single codeword
transmission (in CQI).
mimoClCqiThU - This defines the CQI Threshold
for activation of closed loop MIMO dual codeword
transmission (in CQI).
mimoClRiThD - This defines the Rank Threshold
for fallback to closed loop MIMO single codeword
transmission.
mimoClRiThU - This defines the Rank Threshold
for activation of closed loop MIMO dual codeword
transmission.
mimoClCqiThD mimoClCqiThU mimoClRiThD mimoClRiThU
Rank Threshold For
CQI Threshold For CQI Threshold For Rank Threshold For
Fallback To CL Activation Of CL MIMO 2
Fallback To CL MIMO Activation Of CL MIMO CW Mode
1 CW Mode 2 CW Mode MIMO 1 CW Mode
LNCEL; 1...2; 0.05 ; LNCEL; 1...2; 0.05 ; 1.6
LNCEL; 0...16; 0.1 ; 7 LNCEL; 0...16; 0.1 ; 8
1.4
Dynamic Close Loop MIMO mode

CQI 2CW 2CW

mimoClCqiThU
mimoClCqiThD

Time
Filtered:
Filtered
RI cqi, ri

mimoClRiThU Inactivity:
Inactivity:
Aging
aging
mimoClRiThD applied

Time
Parameters
Parameters Summary
Name Object Abbreviatio Range Description Default
n

Downlin LNCE dlMimoMod SingleTX The used DL mimo mode for each physical channel is the following: TXDiv (1)
k MIMO L e (0), TXDiv 0: Single Stream Downlink: All downlink physical channels are transmitted using this
mode;
Mode (1), Static 1: Single Stream Downlink Transmit Diversity: All downlink physical channels are
Open Loop transmitted using this mode;
MIMO (2), 2: Dual Stream MIMO Spatial Multiplexing: SRB1 (DCCH) and RBs(DTCH) on PDSCH
Dynamic are transmitted using Dual Stream MIMO with spatial multiplexing; SRB0 (CCCH),
Open Loop BCCH and PCCH on PDSCH and all other physical channels are transmitted using
Single Stream Downlink Transmit Diversity;
MIMO (3), 3: Dynamic Open Loop MIMO: SRB1 (DCCH) and RBs(DTCH) on PDSCH are
Closed transmitted using either Single Stream Downlink Transmit Diversity or Dual Stream
Loop Mimo MIMO with spatial multiplexing depending on radio conditions; SRB0 (CCCH), BCCH
(4) and PCCH on PDSCH and all other physical channels are transmitted using Single
Stream Downlink Transmit Diversity;
4: Dynamic Closed Loop MIMO: SRB1 (DCCH) and RBs(DTCH) on PDSCH are
transmitted using either Single Stream Downlink Transmit Diversity or Single or Dual
Stream MIMO with Closed Loop spatial multiplexing depending on radio conditions and
UE category; SRB0 (CCCH), BCCH and PCCH on PDSCH and all other physical
channels are transmitted using Single Stream Downlink Transmit Diversity
MIMO LNCE dlpcMimoCo 0...10 dB, The parameter determines the power compensation factor for antenna-specific 0 dB
compen L mp step 0.01 maximum power in case of a downlink transmission using at least two TX antennas.
This means that every single subcarrier power determined for multiple TX antenna
sation dB transmission is reduced by this factor. The parameter does not apply in case of a single
TX (TM1) transmission, and thus neither affects the power of cell-specific reference
signal transmission. Note that only the limited set of dlpcMimoComp values (0dB,
1.77dB, 3dB, 4.77dB, 6dB) can be communicated to the UE due to p-a signaling
restrictions and the extended range has been determined only for finetuning purposes.
Please be informed that Nokia Siemens Networks does not quarantee a successful DL
transmission using amplitude dependent modulations, especially 64QAM, if other
values than the values presented in the limited set (0dB, 1.77dB, 3dB, 4.77dB, 6dB) are
used.
Parameters Summary
Name Object Abbreviation Range Description Defaul
t
CQI Threshold For Fallback LNCEL mimoClCqiThD 0...16, step CQI Threshold for fallback to closed loop 7
To CL MIMO 1 CW Mode 0.1 MIMO single codeword transmission (in CQI)
CQI Threshold For LNCEL mimoClCqiThU 0...16, step CQI Threshold for activation of closed loop 8
Activation Of CL MIMO 2 0.1 MIMO dual codeword transmission (in CQI)
CW Mode
Rank threshold for fallback LNCEL mimoClRiThD 1...2, step Rank threshold for fallback to Closed Loop 1.4
to CL MIMO 1 CW mode 0.05 MIMO single Code Word transmission.
Rank threshold for LNCEL mimoClRiThU 1...2, step Rank threshold for activation of Closed Loop 1.6
activation of CL MIMO 2 0.05 MIMO dual Code Word transmission.
CW mode
CQI threshold for fallback to LNCEL mimoOlCqiThD 0...16, step CQI threshold for fallback to Open Loop MIMO 7
MIMO diversity 0.1 diversity (in CQI).
CQI threshold for activation LNCEL mimoOlCqiThU 0...16, step CQI threshold for activation of Open Loop 8
of OL MIMO SM 0.1 MIMO Spatial Multiplexing (in CQI).
Rank threshold for fallback LNCEL mimoOlRiThD 1...2, step Rank threshold for fallback to Open Loop 1.4
to MIMO diversity 0.05 MIMO diversity.
Rank threshold for LNCEL mimoOlRiThU 1...2, step Rank threshold for activation of Open Loop 1.6
activation of OL MIMO SM 0.05 MIMO Spatial Multiplexing.
Timer for aperiodic CQI / LNBTS cqiAperPollT 0...100 TTI, This parameter defines a timer in TTIs for 3 TTI
PMI feedback requesting step 1 TTI polling aperiodic CQI / RI / PMI feedback. The
scheduler handles the aperiodic feedback
requesting based on this timer.
Parameters Summary
Name Object Abbreviation Range Description Default

Timer for aperiodic LNBTS cqiAperPollT 0...100 This parameter defines a timer in TTIs for polling 3 TTI
CQI / PMI feedback TTI, step aperiodic CQI / RI / PMI feedback. The scheduler
requesting 1 TTI handles the aperiodic feedback requesting based
on this timer.
DL AMC CQI comp LNBTS cqiCompSmRi1Cl -10...0, The parameter defines the CQI compensation value -3
for CL MIMO SM step 0.1 for DL AMC when Spatial Multiplexing transmission
with RI1 mode is used but Rank Indication of 1 is received
from the UE. Applicable when the Closed Loop
MIMO Spatial Multiplexing has been configured to
use i.e. when dlMimoMode parameter is 4. This
parameter is vendor-specific.
DL AMC CQI comp LNBTS cqiCompSmRi1Ol -10...0, The parameter defines the compensation value CQI -3
for Dynamic OL step 0.1 for DL AMC for when the Spatial Multiplexing
MIMO SM with RI1 transmission mode is used but a Rank Indication of
1 is received from the UE. Applicable when dynamic
Open Loop MIMO Spatial Multiplexing has been
configured to use i.e. when the dlMimoMode
parameter is 3. This parameter is vendor-specific.
DL AMC CQI comp LNBTS cqiCompTdRi2Cl 0...10, The parameter defines the compensation value CQI 3
for CL MIMO TXdiv step 0.1 for DL AMC for when TX diversity transmission
with RI2 mode is used but a Rank Indication of 2 is received
from the UE. Applicable in the case when Closed
Loop MIMO Spatial Multiplexing has been
configured to use i.e. when the dlMimoMode
parameter is 4. This parameter is vendor-specific.
Parameters Summary
Name Object Abbreviation Range Description Default

DL AMC CQI comp LNBTS cqiCompTdRi2Ol 0...10, step 0.1 The parameter defines the compensation 3
for Dynamic OL value CQI for DL AMC for when the TX
MIMO TXdiv with diversity transmission mode is used but a
RI2 Rank Indication of 2 is received from the
UE. Applicable when Dynamic Open Loop
MIMO Spatial Multiplexing has been
configured to use i.e. when the
dlMimoMode parameter is 3. This
parameter is vendor-specific.

CQI compensation LNBTS mimoOlCqiComp 0...10, step 0.1 CQI compensation applied to CQI 3
when reported RI=2 measurements when reported RI=2 (in
CQI). The reported CQI in Open Loop
Spatial Multiplexing case is smaller than
for the diversity transmission. With this
compensation a normalization towards
diversity is obtained.

CQI Compensation LNBTS mimoClCqiComp 0...10, step 0.1 CQI Compensation applied to closed loop 3
When Reported RI CQI Measurements when reported RI=2
Equals 2 In CL SM (in CQI). The reported CQI in closed loop
dual codeword transmission case is
smaller than for single codeword
transmission. By this compensation a
normalization towards single codeword
case is obtained.
This parameter is vendor specific.
THANK YOU