Lionel Messi

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"Messi" redirects here. For the 2014 film, see Messi (2014 film). For the 2017 film, see Messi
(2017 film).

Lionel Messi

Messi with Barcelona during the UEFA Super Cup in

August 2015

Personal information

Full name Lionel Andrs Messi[note 1]

Date of birth 24 June 1987 (age 29)

Place of birth Rosario, Argentina

Height 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)[1]

Playing position Forward

Club information

Current team Barcelona

 Number 10

Youth career

19942000 Newell's Old Boys

20012004 Barcelona

Senior career*

Years Team Apps (Gls)

20032004 Barcelona C 10 (5)

20042005 Barcelona B 22 (6)

2004 Barcelona 376 (341)

National team

20042005 Argentina U20 18 (14)

2008 Argentina U23 5 (2)

2005 Argentina 117 (58)

Honours[show]

* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the

domestic league only and correct as of 15 April 2017.
National team caps and goals correct as of 23
March 2017

Lionel Andrs "Leo" Messi (Spanish pronunciation: [ljonel andes mesi] ( listen); born 24
June 1987) is an Argentine professionalfootballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club FC
Barcelona and the Argentina national team. Often considered the best player in the world and
rated by many in the sport as the greatest of all time, Messi is the only player in history to win
five FIFA Ballon d'Orawards, four of which he won consecutively, and the first to win
three European Golden Shoes.[note 2] With Barcelona he has won eight La Liga titles, four UEFA
Champions League titles, and four Copas del Rey, among other trophies. Both a prolific
goalscorer and a creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most goals scored in La
Liga, a La Liga season (50), and a club football season in Europe (73), as well as those for most
assists made in La Liga and the Copa Amrica. He has scored over 500 senior career goals for
club and country.

Born and raised in central Argentina, Messi was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency as
a child. At age 13, he relocated to Spain to join Barcelona, who agreed to pay for his medical
treatment. After a fast progression through Barcelona's youth academy, Messi made his
competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004. Despite being injury-prone during his early career,
he established himself as an integral player for the club within the next three years, finishing
2007 as a finalist for both the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award, a feat he
repeated the following year. His first uninterrupted campaign came in the 200809 season,
during which he helped Barcelona achieve the first treble in Spanish football. At 22 years old,
Messi won the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award by record voting margins.

Three successful seasons followed, with Messi winning three consecutive FIFA Ballons d'Or,
including an unprecedented fourth. His personal best campaign to date was the 201112
season, in which he set the La Liga and European records for most goals scored in a single
season, while establishing himself as Barcelona's all-time top scorer in official competitions in
March 2012. He again struggled with injury during the following two seasons, twice finishing
second for the Ballon d'Or behind Cristiano Ronaldo, his perceived career rival. Messi regained
his best form during the 201415 campaign, breaking the all-time goalscoring records in both La
Liga and the Champions League in November 2014,[note 3] and led Barcelona to a historic second
treble.

An Argentine international, Messi is his country's all-time leading goalscorer. At youth level, he
won the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship, finishing the tournament with both the Golden
Ball and Golden Shoe, and an Olympic gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics. His style of
play as a diminutive, left-footed dribbler drew comparisons with compatriot Diego Maradona,
who declared the teenager his successor. After making his senior debut in August 2005, Messi
became the youngest Argentine to play and score in a FIFA World Cup during the 2006 edition,
and reached the final of the 2007 Copa Amrica, where he was named young player of the
tournament. As the squad's captain from August 2011, he led Argentina to three consecutive
finals: the 2014 World Cup, for which he won the Golden Ball, and the 2015 and 2016 Copas
Amrica.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 Shivakotiacharya

Occupation Scholar

Part of a series on

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 Jainism portal

v
t
e

Shivakotiacharya (also Shivakoti), a writer of the 9th-10th century, is considered the author of
didactic Kannada language Jaintext Vaddaradhane (lit, "Worship of elders", ca. 900). A prose
narrative written in pre-Old-Kannada (Purva Halegannada),Vaddaradhane is considered the
earliest extant work in the prose genre in the Kannada language. [1][2][3] Scholars are, however, still
divided about when exactly the text was written, with claims ranging from before the 6th century to
the 10th century.[4][5][6][7]

Contents
[hide]

1Content

2Date controversies

3Notes

4References

5See also

Content[edit]
According to the scholar R.S. Mugali, Vaddaradhane is one of the finest pieces of Jain literature,
which stands out by itself in all ofKannada literature.[4] In addition to religious content describing the
lives of Jain saints (Jainas),[1] it treats on Jain tenets regarding the torments of flesh and spirit,
interpretations of fate (karma), rebirth and the plight of humans on earth. The text gives useful
information about contemporary society including education, trade and commerce, magic and
superstitions, the caste system and untouchability, and position of women in society.[6][7] The text
provides details on contemporary urban and rural society: towns with majestic buildings and multi-
storied houses; temples (devalaya); a street for the courtesans (sulegeri); palaces; streets with
people, horses and elephants; homes of cloth merchants (dusigar); homes of diamond merchants
(baccara); feudatories (samanta); royal officials (niyogi); grain markets and traders; and various
types of settlements such as villages (grama) and towns (nagara).[8] The text dwells on the evils
of Kali Yuga including miscegenation and takes a critical look at contemporary Brahmin practices.[9] It
mentions fierce warriors, royal retainers (velevali) who were under oath to lay down their life for the
king and royalty.[10]
Date controversies[edit]
The dating of the work and its authorship has been a controversy. According to the scholar R.S.
Mugali, experts are not unanimous whether the prose piece was written
beforeKavirajamarga (ca. 850) or after.[4] According to modern Kannada poet and scholar M. Govinda
Pai, the Vaddaradhane dates much further back. Based on his studies of the text and some pre-2nd
century inscriptions from Shravanabelagola, Pai authored two scholarly publications in
1960: Kannada Sahityada Halame ("Antiquity of Kannada literature") and Kannada Sahityada
Prachinate (also meaning "Antiquity of Kannada literature"), in which he argued Vaddaradhane more
accurately dates to the pre-6th century period. However, the scholar D.L. Narasimhachar opines that
the writing is from around c. 920.[5] Professor Upadhye dates the writing to the post-9th century
period while the historians A.R. Naronakar, K.A.N. Shastri, and Dravidian scholar Zvelebil date it to
c. 900.[1][2][4][7]

There is an opinion that Shivakoti was not the author of the work, and that
his Prakrit work Bhagavati Aaradhane may have been the inspiration for this Kannada writing.
However, it has been pointed out that the author's name appears in the concluding section of every
story in the writing, and that the Prakrit writer, also named Shivakoti, lived in the 2nd or 3rd century
A.D. and was the disciple of Acharya Samantabhadra. Another name, Revakotiacharya, also
appears in some places in the Kannada text.[3] Historian Jyotsna Kamat is of the opinion that the
didactic work comprising 19 stories dates to the 10th century and was inspired by the Sanskrit
writing Brihatkatha-Khosa.[6]

Notes[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b c