Serum Biochemical Reference Ranges a

Measure Units Dog Cat Cow Horse Pig Sheep Goat Rabbit Llama Vietnamese Ostrich
Potbellied
Pig

In Conventional (USA) Units

ALT u/L 10 2597 6.9 2.7 22 15 15 4880 2383 20

109 35 21 47 44 52

Amylase u/L 226 550 41 47 44 140 167

1,063 1,458 98 188 88 270 315

Alk phosb u/L 1114 045 18 70 41 27 61 416 30 35563 3298

153 227 176 156 283 780

AST u/L 1315 738 60 160 15 49 66 14 110 <109 131

125 412 55 123 230 113 250 486

Creatine u/L 52 69 0 60 66 7.7 16 218 30 294

kinase 368 214 350 330 489 101 48 2,705 400

GGTb u/L 1.0 1.8 6 632 31 20 20 014 529 2157 2.1

9.7 12 17.4 52 44 50

LDHb u/L 0236 58 309 112 160 83 79 34

120 938 456 425 476 265 129

SDHb u/L 3.1 2.4 4.3 18 0.5 3.5 9.3 85

7.6 6.1 15.3 4.9 21 21 740

Bicarbonate mEq/L 1724 1724 20 2430 18 20 1638

30 27 27

Bilirubin mg/dL 00.3 00.1 01.6 03.2 00.5 00.5 0.1 00.7 00.1 <0.3
0.2
Calcium mg/dL 9.1 8.7 8.0 10.2 9.3 9.3 9.0 5.6 7.7 10.212.2 10.7
11.7 11.7 11.4 13.4 11.5 11.7 11.6 12.5 9.4 14

Chloride mEq/L 110 115 99 98 97 101 100 92 106 91103 100

124 130 107 109 106 113 112 112 118

Cholesterol mg/dL 135 71 62 71 81 44 65 1080

278 156 193 142 134 90 136

Creatinine mg/dL 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 1.5 0.41.1 0.1
1.7 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.9 0.4

Glucose mg/dL 76 60 40 62 66 44 48 75 90 68155 245

119 120 100 134 116 81 76 155 140

Magnesium mg/dL 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 2.3 2.0 2.1 1.53.8
2.4 2.6 2.9 2.3 3.5 2.7 2.9

Phosphorus mg/dL 2.9 3.0 5.6 1.5 5.5 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.6 5.010.7 4.0
5.3 6.1 8.0 4.7 9.3 7.3 9.7 6.9 9.8 9.9

Potassium mEq/L 3.9 3.7 3.6 2.9 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.6 4.3 3.95.9 3.0
5.1 6.1 4.9 4.6 6.5 6.3 5.7 6.9 5.6

Protein g/dL 5.4 6.0 6.7 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.1 5.4 5.5 4.67.8 3.8
7.5 7.9 7.5 7.6 8.3 7.8 7.5 8.3 7.0

Albumin g/dL 2.3 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.4 3.5 3.14.3 1.8
3.1 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.6 4.6 4.4

Globulin g/dL 2.4 2.6 3.0 2.6 3.9 3.2 2.7 1.5 1.7 1.53.5 2.0
4.4 5.1 3.5 4.0 6.0 5.0 4.4 2.8 3.5

Sodium mEq/L 142 146 136 128 139 142 137 131 147 134150 147
152 156 144 142 153 160 152 155 158

Urea mg/dL 828 1934 10 1127 8.2 10 13.26 1329 13 10.847 1.1
nitrogen 25 25 26 32
In SI Units

Bicarbonate mmol/L 1724 1724 20 2430 18 20 1638

30 27 27

Bilirubin mmol/L 05.1 01.7 027 055 0.3 0.7 1.7 012 1.7 5.0
8.2 8.6 4.3

Calcium mmol/L 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.4 22.4 2.53.1 2.7
2.9 2.9 2.8 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.5

Chloride mmol/L 110 115 99 98 97 101 100 92 106 91103 100

124 130 107 109 106 113 112 112 118

Cholesterol mmol/L 3.5 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.1 1.7 0.3
7.2 4.0 5.0 3.7 3.5 2.3 3.5 2.1

Creatinine mmol/L 44 80 44 35 70 76 60 44 133 3597 8.8

150 194 194 194 208 174 135 221 256 35

Glucose mmol/L 4.2 3.3 2.2 3.4 3.7 2.4 2.7 4.1 5.0 3.88.5 14
6.6 6.7 5.6 7.4 6.4 4.5 4.2 8.5 7.7

Magnesium mmol/L 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.71.9
1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.2

Phosphorus mmol/L 0.9 1.0 1.8 0.5 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.63.4 1.3
1.7 2.0 2.6 1.5 3.0 2.4 3.1 2.2 3.2 3.2

Potassium mmol/L 3.9 3.7 3.6 2.9 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.6 4.3 3.95.9 3.0
5.1 6.1 4.9 4.6 6.5 6.3 5.7 6.9 5.6

Protein g/L 5475 6079 67 5676 58 59 61 5483 55 4678 38

75 83 78 75 70

Albumin g/dL 2331 2839 25 2641 23 27 23 2446 35 3143 18

38 40 37 36 44

Globulin g/dL 2444 2651 30 2640 39 32 27 1528 17 1535 20

35 60 50 44 35
Sodium mmol/L 142 146 136 128 139 142 137 131 147 134150 147
152 156 144 142 153 160 152 155 158

Urea mmol/L 2.9 6.8 3.6 3.9 2.9 3.7 4.5 4.6 4.6 3.917 0.4
nitrogen 10.0 12.1 8.9 9.6 8.8 9.3 9.2 10.4 11.4

a
Adapted, with permission, in part from Latimer K.S., Mahaffey E.A., and Prasse K.W., Duncan and Prasse's Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Pathology,
4th ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2003. Reference ranges vary between laboratories. Using values supplied by the laboratory that is routinely used is recommended.
b
Alk phos = alkaline phosphatase; GGT = gamma glutamyltransferase; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; SDH = sorbitol dehydrogenase

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