Tarea 1 : Mtodo de Euler

Grupo M26

Roberto Jofre Hernndez

David Bern Idiago
Indice
Problema 3d . pg 3 - 4
Problema 4b . pg 9 - 10
Problema 5c . pg 12 - 14

Anexos

Problema 3d . pg 5 - 8
Problema 4b . pg 10 - 11
Problema 5c . pg 14 - 19
Problema 3.d

Dado el problema de valor inicial:

y 0 = x + y, y(0) = 0
a. Calcular la solucin exacta.
b. Utilizar el mtodo de Euler para aproximar la solucin en el intervalo (0, 2)
tomando, h = 0.2, h = 0.1 y h = 0.05.
c. Calcular los errores globales para los distintos pasos y su mximo. Se comporta
el error global mximo como se espera cuando h se divide entre dos?
d. Dibujar las aproximaciones y la solucin exacta en una misma grfica.

Cdigo realizado en Maxima:(en negro las sentencias, en azul las respuestas)

ec:'diff(y,x)-x-y=0;
'diff(y,x,1)-y-x=0

sol:ode2(ec,y,x);
y=((-x-1)*%e^(-x)+%c)*%e^x

//Calculo de sol. Exacta.

ic1(sol,x=0,y=0);
y=%e^x-x-1

load("C:/Users/David/Desktop/tarea3deuler.mac")$

if numer#false then numer:false else numer:true;

true

f(x,y):=x+y;
f(x,y):=x+y

// Calculo de soluciones aproximadas

solaprox1:eul(f,0,2,10,0)$

solaprox2:eul(f,0,2,20,0)$

solaprox3:eul(f,0,2,40,0)$

//Grafica aproximaciones y solucion ( Se encuentra en el anexo del ejercicio)

load(draw)$

wxdraw2d(
points_joined=true, color=blue,key="h=0.2",points(solaprox1),
points_joined=true, color=red,key="h=0.1",points(solaprox2),
points_joined=true, color=orange,key="h=0.05",points(solaprox3),
key="sol.exacta",color=green,
explicit((%e^x-x-1),x,0,2));
//Calculo de Errores

solexacta(x):=%e^x-x-1;
solexacta(x):=%e^x-x-1

for i:0 thru 10 do

(X1[i]:solaprox1[i+1][1],
Y1[i]:solaprox1[i+1][2]);
done

Err1:makelist(abs(solexacta(X1[i])-Y1[i]),i,0,10)$

Err1$
apply(max,Err1);
1.197319676530648

for i:0 thru 20 do

(X1[i]:solaprox2[i+1][1],
Y1[i]:solaprox2[i+1][2]);
done

Err2:makelist(abs(solexacta(X1[i])-Y1[i]),i,0,20)$

Err2$

apply(max,Err2);
0.66155614960505

for i:0 thru 40 do

(X1[i]:solaprox3[i+1][1],
Y1[i]:solaprox3[i+1][2]);
done

Err3:makelist(abs(solexacta(X1[i])-Y1[i]),i,0,40)$

Err3$

apply(max,Err3);
0.34906738680601
Anexo Problema 3d
Grfica

Soluciones aproximadas
h = 0.2

[[0,0],[0.2,0],[0.4,0.04],[0.6,0.128],[0.8,0.2736],[1.0,0.48832],[1.2,
0.785984],[1.4,1.1831808],[1.6,1.69981696],[1.8,2.359780352000001],[2.0,
3.1917364224]]

h = 0.1

[[0,0],[0.1,0],[0.2,0.01],[0.3,0.031],[0.4,0.0641],[0.5,0.11051],[0.6,
0.171561],[0.7,0.2487171],[0.8,0.34358881],[0.9,0.457947691],[1.0,0.5937424601],[
1.1,0.75311670611],[1.2,0.938428376721],[1.3,1.1522712143931],[1.4,
1.39749833583241],[1.5,1.677248169415651],[1.6,1.994972986357217],[1.7,
2.354470284992938],[1.800000000000001,2.759917313492232],[1.900000000000001,
3.215909044841455],[2.0,3.727499949325601]]

h = 0.05

(%o9) [[0,0],[0.05,0],[0.1,0.0025],[0.15,0.007625],[0.2,0.01550625],[0.25,
0.0262815625],[0.3,0.040095640625],[0.35,0.05710042265625],[0.4,0.077455443789062]
,[0.45,0.10132821597852],[0.5,0.12889462677744],[0.55,0.16033935811631],[0.6,
0.19585632602213],[0.65,0.23564914232324],[0.7,0.2799315994394],[0.75,
0.32892817941137],[0.8,0.38287458838194],[0.85,0.44201831780103],[0.9,
0.50661923369108],[0.95,0.57695019537564],[1.0,0.65329770514442],[1.05,
0.73596259040164],[1.1,0.82526071992172],[1.15,0.92152375591781],[1.2,
1.0250999437137],[1.25,1.136354940899385],[1.300000000000001,1.255672687944355],[
1.350000000000001,1.383456322341572],[1.400000000000001,1.520129138458651],[
1.450000000000001,1.666135595381584],[1.500000000000001,1.821942375150663],[
1.550000000000001,1.988039493908196],[1.600000000000001,2.164941468603606],[
1.650000000000001,2.353188542033786],[1.700000000000001,2.553347969135476],[
1.750000000000001,2.766015367592249],[1.800000000000001,2.991816135971862],[
1.850000000000001,3.231406942770455],[1.900000000000001,3.485477289908978],[
1.950000000000001,3.754751154404427],[2.000000000000001

Lista de errores
h = 0.2

[0,0.02140275816017,0.05182469764127,0.094118800390509,0.15194092849247,
0.22996182845905,0.33413292273655,0.47201916684467,0.65321546439511,0.88986711241294,
1.197319676530648]

h= 0.1

[0,0.0051709180756476,0.01140275816017,0.018858807576003,0.02772469764127,
0.038211270700128,0.050557800390509,0.065035607470477,0.081952118492468,
0.10165542015695,0.12453936835905,0.15104931783643,0.18168854601555,0.21702545322614,
0.25770163101226,0.30444090092241,0.3580594380379,0.41947710673426,0.48973015092072,
0.56998539743782,0.66155614960505]

h = 0.05

[[0,0.0012710963760241,0.0026709180756476,0.0042092427282831,
0.0058965081601699,0.0077438541877414,0.0097631669510031,0.011967125937007,
0.014369253852208,0.016983969511653,0.019826643922687,0.022913659751082,
0.02626247436838,0.029891686690661,0.033821108031079,0.038071837201308,
0.042666340110532,0.047628534124959,0.052983877465866,0.058759463940208,
0.064984123314626,0.071688527661523,0.07890530402471,0.086669153771959,
0.095016979022849,0.10398801656246,0.11362397967489,0.1239692083554,0.13507082838603,
0.14697891978724,0.1597466951874,0.17343068868255,0.18809095579151,0.20379128514607,
0.22059942259173,0.23858730841348,0.25783132844109,0.27841257983138,0.3004171523703,
0.32393642618487,0.34906738680601]
Problema 4.b

Dado el problema de valor inicial:

y 0 = 9y, y(0) = 1

a. Calcular la solucin exacta.

b. Utilizar el mtodo de Euler para aproximar la solucin en el intervalo (0,1)
tomando, h = 0.2 y h = 0.1 .
c. Dibujar las aproximaciones y la solucin exacta en una misma grfica.
d. Calcular los errores globales para los distintos pasos. Que ocurre?

Codigo Maxima en negro respuestas en azul

// Apartado A

ec:'diff(y,x)-9*y=0;
'diff(y,x,1)-9*y=0

sol:ode2(ec,y,x);
y=%c*%e^(9*x)

ic1(sol,x=0,y=1);
y=%e^(9*x)

// Apartado B

load("C:/Users/David/Desktop/tarea3deuler.mac")$

if numer#false then numer:false else numer:true;

true

f(x,y):=9*y;
f(x,y):=9*y

solaprox1:eul(f,0,1,5,1)$

solaprox2:eul(f,0,1,10,1)$

//Apartado C , la grfica se adjunta en el anexo.

load(draw)$

wxdraw2d(
points_joined=true, color=blue,key="h=0.2",points(solaprox1),
points_joined=true, color=red,key="h=0.1",points(solaprox2),
key="sol.exacta",color=green,
explicit((%e^(9*x)),x,0,1));

// Apartado D
solexacta(x):=(%e^(9*x));
solexacta(x):=%e^(9*x)

for i:0 thru 5 do

(X1[i]:solaprox1[i+1][1],
Y1[i]:solaprox1[i+1][2]);
done

Err1:makelist(abs(solexacta(X1[i])-Y1[i]),i,0,5)$

Err1$

apply(max,Err1);
7930.980247575384

for i:0 thru 10 do

(X1[i]:solaprox2[i+1][1],
Y1[i]:solaprox2[i+1][2]);
done

Err2:makelist(abs(solexacta(X1[i])-Y1[i]),i,0,10)$

Err2$

apply(max,Err2);
7489.977301795269

Anexo ejercicio 4b

Grfica
Lista de soluciones aproximadas

h = 0.2

[[0,1],[0.2,2.8],[0.4,7.84],[0.6,21.952],[0.8,
61.46560000000001],[1.0,172.10368]]

h = 0.1

[[0,1],[0.1,1.9],[0.2,3.61],[0.3,6.859],[0.4,
13.0321],[0.5,24.76099],[0.6,47.045881],[0.7,
89.38717390000001],[0.8,169.83563041],[0.9,322.687697779]
,[1.0,613.1066257801001]]

Lista de errores

h = 0.2

[0,3.249647464412947,28.75823444367799,
199.4544162041872,1277.965164394418,7930.980247575384]

h= 0.1

[0,0.55960311115695,2.439647464412947,
8.020731724872837,23.56613444367799,65.25614130052182,
174.360535204187,455.184736225929,1169.595133984417,
2971.780377504841,7489.977301795269]
Problema 5.c

Dado el problema de valor aadido

a.Es posible obtener la solucin y(x) utilizando Maxima? Que resultado da?
- No, no es posible obtener el resultado de forma directa. El resultado da un error que
se muestra mas abajo en la seccin donde se encuentra el cdigo.
b. Utilizar el mtodo de Euler para resolverlo aproximadamente tomando N = 20,40,80,160.
c. Representar grficamente las soluciones obtenidas.
d. Para determinar numricamente el error, se utiliza un mtodo llamado mtodo de la doble
malla que consiste en:
i Calcular con un paso h
ii Calcular con un paso h 2 .
iii En los PUNTOS COMUNES calcular la diferencia de las soluciones.
iv Calcular el mximo de esas diferencias. Ese valor mximo se toma como el
error aproximado de la malla con menos puntos.

Cdigo realizado en Maxima:(en negro las sentencias, en azul las respuestas).

ec:'diff(y,x)-((x*sin(y/x)+y*cos(y/x))/(x+y))-cos(x/y)=0;

-(x*sin(y/x)+y*cos(y/x))/(y+x)+'diff(y,x,1)-cos(x/y)=0

sol:ode2(ec,y,x);

%c*x=%e^integrate((x*y+x^2)/(x^2*sin(y/x)+x*y*cos(y/x)-y^2+(x*cos(x/y)-
x)*y+x^2*cos(x/y)),y/x)

//Apartado a, error mostrado por maxima.

ic1(sol,x=2,y=3);
Attempt to integrate with respect to a number:
3/2
#0: ic1(soln=%c*x = %e^'integrate((x*y+x^2)/(x^2*sin(y/x)+x*y*cos(y/x)-y^2+(x*cos(x/y)-
x)*y+x^2*cos(x/y)),y/x),xc=x = 2,yc=y = 3)(ode2.mac line 297)
-- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true);

load("C:/Users/David/Desktop/tarea3deuler.mac")$

if numer#false then numer:false else numer:true;

true

f(x,y):=(x*sin(y/x)+y*cos(y/x))/(x+y)+cos(x/y);

f(x,y):=(x*sin(y/x)+y*cos(y/x))/(x+y)+cos(x/y)
// Apartado b, calculo de respuestas aproximadas. Se adjuntan las listas de respuesta en el
anexo final.

solaprox1:eul(f,2,3,20,1)$

solaprox2:eul(f,2,3,40,1)$

solaprox3:eul(f,2,3,80,1)$

solaprox4:eul(f,2,3,160,1)$

//Apartado c, Dibujo de las respuestas. La grfica se encuentra en el anexo final.

load(draw)$

wxdraw2d(
points_joined=true, color=blue,key="h=0.05",points(solaprox1),
points_joined=true, color=orange,key="h=0.025",points(solaprox2),
points_joined=true, color=red,key="h=0.0125",points(solaprox3),
points_joined=true, color=green,key="h=0.00625",points(solaprox4)
);

// Calculo del error mediante mtodo de la doble malla

for i:0 thru 20 do

(X1[i]:solaprox1[i+1][1],
Y1[i]:solaprox1[i+1][2]);
done

Err1:makelist(abs(X1[i])-Y1[2*i],i,0,20)$

for i:0 thru 40 do

(X1[i]:solaprox2[i+1][1],
Y1[i]:solaprox2[i+1][2]);
done

Err2:makelist(abs(X1[i])-Y1[2*i],i,0,40)$

for i:0 thru 80 do

(X1[i]:solaprox3[i+1][1],
Y1[i]:solaprox3[i+1][2]);
done

Err3:makelist(abs(X1[i])-Y1[2*i],i,0,80)$

for i:0 thru 160 do

(X1[i]:solaprox4[i+1][1],
Y1[i]:solaprox4[i+1][2]);
done
Err4:makelist(abs(X1[i])-Y1[2*i],i,0,160)$

// Error para h = 1/20

apply(max,Err1);
1.973093651642519

// Error para h = 1/40

apply(max,Err2);
2.003723607732799

// Error para h = 1/80

apply(max,Err3);
2.226575481540727

Anexo de datos

Grfica de errores
Lista de respuestas aproximadas
N = 20

[[2,1],[2.05,1.009799885490956],[2.1,
1.018014588631469],[2.15,1.024529877884021],[
2.199999999999999,1.029223221575483],[2.249999999999999,
1.031963919828987],[2.299999999999999,1.032613751039829],[
2.349999999999999,1.031028433131931],[2.399999999999999,
1.027060347704472],[2.449999999999998,1.020563187749343],[
2.499999999999998,1.011399486009722],[2.549999999999998,
0.99945237275227],[2.599999999999998,0.98464337859178],[
2.649999999999998,0.96695853238585],[2.699999999999998,
0.94648509631182],[2.749999999999997,0.92346031897734],[
2.799999999999997,0.89833021587628],[2.849999999999997,
0.87180861368855],[2.899999999999997,0.84491310858703],[
2.949999999999997,0.81893841799087],[2.999999999999996,
0.79532349400566]]

N = 40

[[2,1],[2.025,1.004899942745478],[2.05,
1.009400372195694],[2.075,1.013486712247627],[2.1,
1.017143824669508],[2.125,1.020356002137143],[2.15,
1.023106966227241],[2.174999999999999,1.025379871868122],[
2.199999999999999,1.027157320108285],[2.224999999999999,
1.028421381503978],[2.249999999999999,1.029153632964744],[
2.274999999999999,1.029335211549963],[2.299999999999999,
1.0289468895013],[2.324999999999999,1.027969175749121],[
2.349999999999999,1.026382450269719],[2.374999999999999,
1.024167139017305],[2.399999999999999,1.021303938727457],[
2.424999999999999,1.017774102692266],[2.449999999999998,
1.013559800624183],[2.474999999999998,1.008644567899136],[
2.499999999999998,1.003013861679996],[2.524999999999998,
0.99665574345068],[2.549999999999998,0.9895617089733],[
2.574999999999998,0.98172768703716],[2.599999999999998,
0.97315522672799],[2.624999999999998,0.96385288805324],[
2.649999999999998,0.95383784090185],[2.674999999999998,
0.94313766029505],[2.699999999999998,0.93179227912859],[
2.724999999999997,0.91985602054272],[2.749999999999997,
0.90739957892408],[2.774999999999997,0.89451175184067],[
2.799999999999997,0.88130064988016],[2.824999999999997,
0.86789403949692],[2.849999999999997,0.85443842714906],[
2.874999999999997,0.84109650233449],[2.899999999999997,
0.82804265817487],[2.924999999999997,0.81545652813922],[
2.949999999999997,0.80351481503958],[2.974999999999997,
0.79238209339504],[2.999999999999996,0.782201633634]]
N = 80

[[2,1],[2.0125,1.002449971372739],[2.025,
1.004799660832247],[2.037500000000001,1.007047228237458],[
2.050000000000001,1.009190797106347],[2.062500000000001,
1.011228454254351],[2.075000000000001,1.013158249491358],[
2.087500000000001,1.014978195386518],[2.100000000000001,
1.016686267111234],[2.112500000000002,1.018280402371889],[
2.125000000000002,1.019758501445232],[2.137500000000002,
1.021118427330821],[2.150000000000002,1.022358006036605],[
2.162500000000002,1.023475027015533],[2.175000000000003,
1.024467243773137],[2.187500000000003,1.025332374668264],[
2.200000000000003,1.026068103931639],[2.212500000000003,
1.026672082929652],[2.225000000000003,1.027141931703829],[
2.237500000000003,1.027475240819731],[2.250000000000004,
1.027669573562728],[2.262500000000004,1.027722468522093],[
2.275000000000004,1.027631442609263],[2.287500000000004,
1.027393994560953],[2.300000000000004,1.027007608983033],[
2.312500000000004,1.026469760996798],[2.325000000000005,
1.025777921555449],[2.337500000000005,1.024929563505276],[
2.350000000000005,1.023922168473196],[2.362500000000005,
1.022753234669966],[2.375000000000005,1.021420285706523],[
2.387500000000006,1.019920880529459],[2.400000000000006,
1.018252624590557],[2.412500000000006,1.016413182374527],[
2.425000000000006,1.014400291418411],[2.437500000000006,
1.012211777965395],[2.450000000000006,1.009845574404791],[
2.462500000000007,1.007299738658286],[2.475000000000007,
1.004572475679925],[2.487500000000007,1.001662161243078],[
2.500000000000007,0.99856736819122],[2.512500000000007,
0.99528689532992],[2.525000000000008,0.99181979913395],[
2.537500000000008,0.98816542843499],[2.550000000000008,
0.98432346223979],[2.562500000000008,0.98029395080567],[
2.575000000000008,0.976077360066],[2.587500000000008,
0.97167461945282],[2.600000000000009,0.96708717310224],[
2.612500000000009,0.9623170343505],[2.625000000000009,
0.95736684332963],[2.637500000000009,0.95223992734987],[
2.650000000000009,0.9469403636089],[2.662500000000009,
0.94147304359225],[2.67500000000001,0.93584373832435],[
2.68750000000001,0.93005916339512],[2.70000000000001,
0.92412704242378],[2.71250000000001,0.91805616733406],[
2.72500000000001,0.91185645350969],[2.737500000000011,
0.90553898758709],[2.750000000000011,0.89911606533888],[
2.762500000000011,0.89260121682797],[2.775000000000011,
0.8860092157929],[2.787500000000011,0.87935607009355],[
2.800000000000011,0.87265899003603],[2.812500000000012,
0.86593633154501],[2.825000000000012,0.8592075114982],[
2.837500000000012,0.85249289311121],[2.850000000000012,
0.84581364008462],[2.862500000000012,0.83919153930147],[
2.875000000000012,0.83264879317583],[2.887500000000013,
0.82620778425501],[2.900000000000013,0.81989081629437],[
2.912500000000013,0.81371983764842],[2.925000000000013,
0.80771615432772],[2.937500000000013,0.80190014131517],[
2.950000000000014,0.79629096157924],[2.962500000000014,
0.79090630254636],[2.975000000000014,0.78576213952071],[
2.987500000000014,0.78087253464128],[3.000000000000014,
0.77624947848095]]

N = 160

[[2,1],[2.00625,1.00122498568637],[2.0125,
1.002424850362391],[2.01875,1.003599362890556],[2.025,
1.004748289826428],[2.03125,1.005871395405289],[
2.037500000000001,1.006968441529577],[2.043750000000001,
1.008039187757178],[2.050000000000001,1.009083391290617],[
2.056250000000001,1.010100806967258],[2.062500000000001,
1.011091187250553],[2.068750000000001,1.01205428222244],[
2.075000000000001,1.012989839576973],[2.081250000000001,
1.013897604615272],[2.087500000000001,1.014777320241878],[
2.093750000000001,1.015628726962636],[2.100000000000001,
1.016451562884188],[2.106250000000002,1.01724556371521],[
2.112500000000002,1.018010462769486],[2.118750000000002,
1.018745990970979],[2.125000000000002,1.019451876860991],[
2.131250000000002,1.020127846607588],[2.137500000000002,
1.020773624017415],[2.143750000000002,1.021388930550064],[
2.150000000000002,1.021973485335163],[2.156250000000002,
1.022527005192352],[2.162500000000002,1.023049204654331],[
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