Structured Questions:

13. A student set up the apparatus below to collect some hydrogen gas.

a) Why did the water in the beaker become cloudy?

b) Why was the reaction slow at the beginning?

c) What would be the colour on the universal indicator in the resulting solution?

.
d) Complete the chemical equation:

Ca (s) + 2H2O(l) +

e) Why did the student not use sodium or potassium metals?

14.All of these equations produce hydrogen gas. Complete the balance, if necessary, the
following equations:
a) Mg + H2O ..+

b) Na + H2O ..+

c) Zn + H2SO4 .+

d) Mg + H2O ..+ ..

15.Complete this table about the various purification stages in a water works.

Purification Chemical added Purpose

stages
Mixing chamber To cause impurities to clump together

..
Settling tanks None Large particles to settle down at the bottom
Sand filters None
.
Clear water To make the water less acidic
tanks 1.
..
.
2. chlorine
3. Fluoride

16.Let us suppose that each person in a family of four uses 150 litres of fresh water per day.
Their water bill in 1999 was $116.00.
a) What is the cost of per litre of fresh water?

b) How does this compare with the cost of a litre of orange squash or a litre of petrol?

17.
a) Describe the various stages in the purification of water which is carried out in a
waterworks.

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.

b) Alternatively drinking water can be obtained by desalination. Explain what this involves.