UNIT 6 KEY TERMS
Word+Definition
1. Quarantine
speech, 1937/Four
Freedoms speech,
Atlantic Charter:
-given by FDR, October 5,
1937 in Chicago,it was a
total miscalculation and
given to early in the war. it
called for total economic
isolation of japan and
germany but was rejected
by the american people and
other allies. "quarantine of
the aggressor nations.;
-"Freedom of speech,
freedom of religion,
freedom from want, and
freedom from fear";
Roosevelt proposed
lending money to Britain
for the purchase of U.S.
war materials and justified
such a policy because it
was a defense of "four
freedoms"
-Written on a ship off the
coast of Newfoundland;
The Atlantic Charter
included self-determination
for all people, no territorial
expansion, and free trade
2. Munich
Conference,
appeasement:
european leaders
met w/ hitter and
agreed to let him
have a part of
czechoslovakia if he
agreed to stop
expanding
3. cash and
Significance Context
1. This is
significant b/c it
intensified America's
isolationist mood,
causing protest by
isolationists and foes
to intervention. It was
referring to germany
italy and
japan.suggested the
use of economic
pressure, a forceful
response, but less
direct than outright
aggression.
-importance of 4 freedoms
provide a rationale for why the
United States should abandon
the isolationist policies that
emerged from WWI.
-importance of atlantic charter
was that it upheld rights of free
trade and choice of government,
and it became the plan of postwar
peace + proved to be one of the
first steps towards the formation
of the United Nations.
2. Led to hitler
taking over
czechoslovakia despite
the agreement
3. Despite the
misleading name this
act was a large factor in
eventual Us
involvement in the war
4. This was
significant b/c it
eliminated
permanently
isolationism from
American political
thought, and was the
event that propelled
the USA into the
1. 1938 congress
then agreed to
increase military and
naval budgets . 1939
hitler broke the
munich agreement
following the
nonaggression pact
b/w stalin and hitler
and then the invasion
of poland
2. -previously
went unpunished for
violating treaty of
versailles in rhineland
b/c US wanted to
remain neutral
3. -not getting
paid back from WWI
-specifically to central
allies (brits) and not to
axis allies -treaty of
versailles
4. Dec 8 congress
declared war on
japan,then 3 days later
germany and italy
declared war on the
U.S. dec 1941 europe
battle field shifted
from west to east.
Hitler broke his non-
aggression pact with
stalin, stalin joined
allies and confronted
nazi germany
5. Following the
bombing of pearl
harbor exec. order
came into action. 1942
japanese empire
reached their height of
power taking over
pacific islands. Battle
of the atlantic, allied
 carry, revision of dominant super-power forces succeed in
neutrality, Lend position it has held taking north africa
Lease: Part of the since about 1944.we from the
Neutrality Acts of became a global germans,invasion of
1937 where the U.S. superpower ;first to italy 1943,Jan 1943
continued the sell of have nuclear weapons War Department forms
goods to all nations and our polit. Position segregated Japanese
in the creation of the
yet they must pay in American unit, jan 19
united nations
cash at time of 1944 War Department
5. This was
purchase and drafts Japanese-
significant to us history
transport their own Americans, even
because this was the
goods, yet those in camps sent
start where racism and
prevented the sell of to italy. Following
fear of Asians more
weapons court case.
than it does legitimate
security concerns
4. Pearl Harbor, 6. During WWII, a
came in on US
December 7, 1941: widespread of men
Americans can see how
the Japanese enlisted which then
easily they can fall into
attacked Pearl left a huge gap in the
the trap of racist
Harbor by air. industrial labor
treatment of minorities.
They were force.Women started
Also this showed how
reacting to a US to play a large part
the government failed
oil embargo. The working in the
in protected the civil
sneak attack industry, increasing
rights of all americans
the workforce. Joined
resulted in 2,400 that race as nothing to
the armed services as
American do.
well
soldiers killed, 6. It became a
7. Fdr gets
almost 1,200 were rallying symbol for
reelected as president
wounded, 20 women to do their part.
in the election of 1944
warships were It encouraged women
for the 4th
to take higher wage
sunk or severely time,battlefronts:d-
jobs in the defense
damaged, and day,. Then with the
industry rather than
about 150 bombing raids
domestic duties.
airplanes were germany was coming
7. This was
destroyed many down hitler committed
important b/c it was the
of whom were suicide, nazi germany
most significant battle
surrendered may 7
aboard the USS between Western Allies
1945->discovery of
Arizona. and German forces on
holocaust
the continent of
8. In February
5. Japanese Europe. This was the
1945 US troops
internment; Exec, invasion of Europe that
invaded Iwo Jima; the
Order 9066; signified the final Allied
first American landing
Korematsu v. drive to Germany and
on Japanese territory
U.S.: the steps to ending the
-invasion of Okinawa, the
-forced relocation and war;liberated many
bloodiest battle of the war in
incarceration 110,000 countries.
the Pacific in which the
and 120,000 people of 8. The capture of
Japanese launched massive
Japanese ancestry who each successive island
Kamikaze attacks on the US
lived on the Pacific from the Japanese invasion fleet.
coast were sent to brought the American
camps in the interior navy closer to an 9. -US violated its
of the country. 62%of invasion of Japan. wartime conduct
the internees were 9. Led to -US wanted to make a
United States citizens. Japanese surrender show of force to
-exec. Order 1942: and intimidated the discourage any other
cleared the way for the soviets it also secured attacks(soviets)
deportation of Japanese the U.S. position as a 10. After 2nd
Americans, Italian world power bomb soviets join
Americans, and German 10. This was battle against
Americans to internment significant because It japan,Japan
camps. ended WWII & the surrenders on aug.14
-Supreme Court case world entered the 1945;september 2,
1944; upheld the U.S. "Atomic Age." and 1945 japans formal
government's surrender received by
made the US become a
internment policy as gen. MacArthur in
global unstoppable
justified in wartime; In tokyo harbor aboard
superpower
1988 the federal the battleship
11. This was
government agreed missouri, V-J day
significant because
that an injustice had they both divided
been done and 11. April 1945
europe within the
awarded financial delegates from 50
soviets, britain, and her
compensation to those nations in san fran.
allies + played a
still alive who had Oct.24,1945 United
significant role in
been interned nations was
United States politics
assembled. The
during the Cold War.
6. Rosie the conflict b/w the soviet
12. the speech
Riveter: A union and US grew
marks the onset of the
propaganda aka as the cold war
Cold War.
character designed 12. manned and
-Churchill also used it as a
to increase defended militarily
platform to deliver his hope
production of female against the West by
that the United States and
workers in the the Warsaw Pact,
Great Britain could work more
factories. which combined the
closely together to police a
7. Second Soviet Red Army and
post-war world.
front; D-Day, June 6, troops from the new
13. Alliance of 5
1944: Communist one-party
wartime allies
Second front: russia plans states after the end of
-occupation zones in germany
to approach germany from World War II.
-beginning hostility by USSR
another position leading to -It also served as a wall to
14. It was the basis
the divide of germany into prevent citizens of Eastern
of US foreign policy
2 fronts. Germany would bloc countries from
after WWII designed to
take the pressure of the migrating west
stop the spread of
Russians on the Eastern 13. Start suspicion
communism.
Front. (An invasion of France) that soviets did not
the brit and US in western -> have peaceful
dday 15. It ended the
intentions
d-day-led by Eisenhower, period of isolationism
-capitalism/ democracy vs
over a million troops (the in America, whereby
communism
largest invasion force in
history) stormed the
beaches at Normandy and
began the process of re-
taking France. The turning
point of World War II.
8. island
hopping -The
American navy
attacked islands
held by the
Japanese in the
Pacific Ocean.
9. Manhattan
Project: the code
name for bombs that
were dropped in
japan and caused a
deadly blast
10. Hiroshima,
Nagasaki; Trumans
decision:
-hiroshima:aug.6th
American B-29 bomber
dropped the worlds first
deployed atomic bomb
little boy over the Jap.
military base.The explosion
wiped out 90% of the city
and immediately killed
80,000 people; tens of
thousands more would
later die of radiation
exposure.
-nagasaki: 3 days later
after 1st on aug. 9th b-29
bomber dropped another
bomb fat man on jap.
City.
-truman's decision: warned
jap. To surrender
unconditionally or duffer
utter destruction. drop
atomic bombs on japan
11. Potsdam;
Yalta Conference:
America wouldn't get 14. A major
involved in strategy from shortly
international relations. after World War II until
16. This led to the collapse of the
hostile feelings coming Soviet Union in 1989
from the soviets 1991, and some might
17. -The blockade argue that
was a high point in the containment remained
Cold War, and it led to a policy into the
the Berlin Airlift. twenty-first century
-it prevented West Berlin from for the United States
falling into the control of the in dealing with
Soviet Union after World War communist regimes in
II. Cuba, North Korea,
and China.
18. Nato was 15. As in February
significant b/c it was 1947, the British had
the first multilateral told Truman that they
military alliance to span could no longer afford
the North Atlantic to keep British troops
Ocean in time of peace. in Greece.
+ it also signified the -This made Truman fear the
military movement of spread of communism to
the United States on Greece.
Policy of Containment. 16. -the U.S. is
The Truman Doctrine trying to prevent
and Marshall Plan had another great
been the economical depression like the
sanctions and creation one that happened
of NATO symbolizes after WWI and gilded
the beginning of the US age b/c the global
military movement economy affects their
against the Soviet economy over time
Union. 17. -When World
19. This was War II ended, Germany
important because and its capital city of
china was the first Berlin were divided
asian country to fall to into four zones of
communism during occupation.
cold war and it was the -Soviets objected to the
first effect of the efforts of the Western Allies
domino theory plus to reunify Germany and
now any days even create a single currency for it
though communist 18. 1955 soviet
state it is today's US union countered nato
most valuable trade and created the
partner and we learned Warsaw Pact, followed
to get along with by national security
communist states and act 1947 and the
keep a bargain with selective service
-potsdam:a meeting held in
Potsdam in the summer of
1945 among US, Soviet, and
British leaders that
established principles for the
Allied occupation of Germany
following the end of World
War II. jul 17-aug.2 1945.
1)agreed to issue a warning to
jap. To surrender
unconditionally 2)to hold war-
crime trials of nazi leaders
-yalta:feb 1945 big thunited
for the 5th time @ black sea
coast of soviet union.after
victory in germany plan
was: germany would be
divided into occupation
zones, free elections in
liberate countries of E
europe, soviets enter war
with japan., soviets would
control the southern half of
sakhalin island & kurile
islands in pacific + special
concessions in
manchuria,future of united
nations formed in a
conference in San
Francisco
12. Winston
Churchill, Iron
Curtain speech-
introduced the
phrase "Iron
Curtain" to describe
the division between
Western powers and
the area controlled
by the Soviet Union.
13. United
Nations, IMF, World
Bank - international
organization to
promote
international peace
-ussr rejection of UN
proposal to regulate
nuclear energy and
them system & peacetime
20. American are draft 1948
used to being 19. 2 chinas both
victorious, but with the fell under mao and
limited war policies, they blamed
little war was much democrats, Stalin and
more reasonable. mao signed a sino-
Protecting South Korea soviet pact. Led to
was more important communist
than starting WWIII conspiracy, going into
21. Led to violation korean war, and
of constitutional rights vietnam, domino
in the name of national theory
security 20. RIGHT
22. resulting outcry BEFORE THE WAR
in the United States, STARTED N AND S
especially fears that the KOREA TENSIONS
Soviets were ahead in INCREASED
both space exploration THROUGH
and military missiles, GOVERNMENT!!
forced the Eisenhower 21. -red scare and
administration to paranoia resurfaced
increase defense -safety in conformity
spending and 22. -tensions
accelerate America's between Korea would
space program. continue throughout
23. Operation AJAX the space race,
(not the soap my exacerbated by such
dudes), overthrow of events as the
Iranian govt, due to construction of the
nationalization of Berlin Wall in 1961,
Iranian oil companies the Cuban missile
24. Operation AJAX crisis of 1962 and the
cont, nationalizing oil outbreak of war in
companies, USA Southeast Asia.
doesn't like it and 23.
throws a temper democratic elected
tantrum in order to get leader turned to
more $$$. later on the nationalizing oil
Iranians revolt which companies, USA and
turns to electing the Great Br lose money=
ayatollah, and in turn sad oil and sad
they hold some US economy for both
citizens from the US parties
embassy hostage for 24. Shah Pahlavi
an extensive amount of was granted asylum
time, (444 days) just to into the US, as he had
piss off Carter as he originally
couldn't do anything implemented
but they released the american ideals into
weapons hostages on the new
-develop of war banks president's
inauguration
-saw as instrument of
25. The vast # of
capitalism
veterans caused the
14. Containment, need for the
George F. Kennan: A construction of
foreign policy suburbs
developed by 26.
diplomat George 27.
Kennan that claimed 28.
that the only way to 29. gave U.S.
stop Russia's President Lyndon B.
expansionist ways Johnson authorization,
was to contain it. without a formal
declaration of war by
15. Truman Congress, for the use
Doctrine: President of military force in
Truman's policy of Southeast Asia.
providing economic 30. weakened
and military aid to American support of
any country the Vietnam War
threatened by -triggered the slow process of
communism or withdrawal of American
totalitarian ideology military forces
-marked the turning point in
the Vietnam War
16. Marshall 31. Bought a whole
Plan: US will give new aspect into war
financial/economic since they practiced
support to stabilize "guerrilla warfare,"
the global economy which allowed them to
constantly ambush US
17. Berlin forces--and because
blockade, airlift: they were being
Soviet attempt to supplied with weapons
starve out the allies from China and Russia.
in Berlin in order to 32.
gain supremacy. 33.
Airlift joint effort by 34. It led to many
the US and Britain to restrictions on the
fly food and media today in order to
supplies into W prevent putting the U.S.
Berlin after the in danger
Soviet blocked off
all ground routes
into the city
18. North
the iranian culture, but
the iranians revolted
and didn't approve of
this and held
hostages to prove the
point that the Shah
should have been
returned to them so
they could execute
him
25. -benefits
given to avoid
mistreating veterans
as done in the past
26.
27.
28.
29. during the
spring of 1964,
military planners had
developed a detailed
design for major
attacks on the North,
- but at that time President
Lyndon B. Johnson and his
advisers feared that the
public would not support an
expansion of the war
30. President
Johnson declared that
he was limiting the
bombing of North
Vietnam to the area
below the 20th parallel
and calling for
negotiations to end
the war
-announced he wasn't
running for reelection
31. evolved from
the southern remnant
of the Viet Minh forces
left after the First
Indochina War
32.
33.
34. -the media
influenced the public
before this w/
propaganda that
Atlantic Treaty caused paranoia
Organization
(NATO);Chartered
April, 1949. The 11
member nations
agreed to fight for
each other if
attacked. It is an
international
military force for
enforcing its
charter.

19. Fall of
China : Mao Tse-
Tung led the
Communists in
China. Because
of the failure to
form a coalition
government
between Chiang
Kai-Shek and the
Communists, civil
war broke out in
China after WWII.
The Communists
won in 1949, but
the new
government was
not recognized
by much of the
world, including
the U.S.

20. Korean War,

limited war: When
North Korea,
supportive of Soviet
Union and Chinese
communists,
attacked South
Korea, the UN
sprang into action
and invaded NK.
Ceasefire was
signed and seen as
first shots of Cold
War.
 21. Vietnam War;
domino theory: A
20th Century
Foreign Policy
theory, promoted by
the government of
the United States
that speculated if
one land in a region
came under the
influence of
Communists, then
more would follow in
a domino

22. Sputnik -
First artificial Earth
satellite, it was
launched by
Moscow in 1957 and
sparked U.S. fears of
Soviet dominance in
technology and
outer space.

23. CIA; coup

detats (Guatemala,
Iran, Vietnam &
Chile)

24. Operation
Ajax, Mossadegh,
Shah of Iran, Iranian
Revolution, Iran
Hostage Crisis

25. G.I. Bill of

Rights, 1944:
provided housing,
loans, and tuition for
veterans

26. Baby boom;

suburban growth;
post-war economic
boom; conformity,
consumerism: upon
 the veterans return
many children were
born which caused
many families to
move into suburbs
and conform to that
times typical family
for safety

27. House Un-

American Activities
Committee/(HUAC);
McCarthyism,
Senator Joseph
McCarthy

28. Eisenhowers
Farewell; military-
industrial complex

29. Gulf of Tonkin

Resolution - a joint
resolution of the
U.S. Congress
passed on August 7,
1964 in direct
response to a minor
naval engagement

30. Tet
Offensive : A series
of major attacks by
communist forces in
the Vietnam War.
Early in 1968,
Vietnamese
communist troops
seized and briefly
held some major
cities at the time of
tet

31. Ho Chi Minh,

Viet Cong -
communist leader of
North Vietnam,
-A group of Communist
guerrillas who, with the
help of North Vietnam,
fought against the South
Vietnamese government in
the Vietnam War

32. Vietnamizatio
n; Illegal Bombings;
Cambodia; Nixon
Doctrine

33. Antiwar
movement; Kent
State

34. Pentagon
Papers; credibility
gap: when the
media provided
proof that
contradicted what
the president told
the public to
console them