BIOMECHANICS Anatomy Review Exam

o Bone Composition & the implications for injury

o Types of bones / examples
o Bone responses to stress
Modeling / remodeling
Hypertrophy / Atrophy / Osteoporosis
o Types of fractures ~ be familiar with pictures

o Joint structure ~ types of joints3 main categories, each with subdivisions

o Joint stability / mobility / flexibility~ close-packed vs loose-packed
Relationship
Factors affecting each
o Techniques for increasing joint flexibility
Active/Passive stretching; Reciprocal inhibition

o Behavioral properties of muscles (4)

o Fiber types ; Muscle fiber architecture (arrangement)
o Motor unit recruitment
o Roles of muscles
o Bi- Multi-articulate muscles and the implications ( A/P Insufficiency vs Efficiency)
o Factors affecting muscle force genertation (4)
o Muscle strength / power / endurancewhat are they?
o How to calculate torque production~ + / - based on direction
o Concentric / Eccentric / Isometric actions

o Structure of the shoulder girdle ~ bones & joints

Muscles of the rotator cuff
What is the main function of the shoulder girdle muscles?
Scapulohumeral rhythm
o Movements-understand what a movement is, e.g., shoulder abduction, & what muscle causes it
o Structure of the wristknow bone names (carpals)
o Saddle joint of thumbwhy is it important? What is its anatomical name?

o Bony landmarks of pelvis / femur / tibia / fibula / foot

o Joint loadshow much force is transferred to hip/knee joint during daily activity?
o Joint structure and type
o Quads / Hamstrings
Major hip/knee flexor / extensor
o Ligaments / soft tissue of hip knee and ankle
Iliofemoral, ACL, PCL, LCL, MCL, Menisci, Deltoid
o Varus / Valgus stresses
o Lower extremity movements
o Ankle sprainswhy 1 type more than another?

o Structure of the spine (motion segment)

o Characteristics of vertebraeach region
o C1 / C2 ..structure, function, actions at joints
o Spinal curvesnormal vs. abnormal
o Movements of the spine
o Common injuries

This is a very general review. Use your current text book and any previous anatomy references you may have!

Test is M/C , T/F, matchingBRING A SCANTRON!