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From Wikitravel
Hungarian is a non-Indo-European language spoken in Central Europe. Speakers are found mainly in
Hungary but also in parts of Austria, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia. It is
surrounded by Germanic, Romance and Slavic languages, and while it borrows heavily from them it is
ultimately unrelated. Hungarian's distant relatives in the Uralic family, mostly spoken in Europe, include
Finnish and Estonian. It shares with those two the following properties:
Vowels
Vowel length is indicated by the acute accent. Words are often distinguished only by vowel length: e.g., kr
"disease" vs. kor "age".
a
like 'o' in "not" (a very deep "o") [SYMBOL: ]
like 'a' in "basket" [SYMBOL: a]
e
like 'e' in "let" [SYMBOL: e]
like 'a' in "say" [SYMBOL: ey]
i
like 'ea' in "seat" [SYMBOL: i]
like 'ee' in "seem" [SYMBOL: ee]
o
like 'o' in "or" [SYMBOL: o]
like 'o' in "so" [SYMBOL: oa]
like '' in German "schn" or English "shun" (with rounded lips) [SYMBOL: ]
like '' but longer [SYMBOL: ]
u
like 'u' in "Luke" [SYMBOL: ou]
like 'oo' in "moon" [SYMBOL: oo]
like '' in German "ber" (like "ee" with rounded lips) [SYMBOL: ]
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Consonants
Only the consonants having sounds different from those in English are noted here. Consonant length is
distinctive: tizenegyedik "eleventh" vs. tizennegyedik "fourteenth". Consonants written with two letters are
doubled by doubling the first letter: asszony "woman". Exception: tizennyolc is tizen-nyolc. Think of
pronouncing 'Ben Nevis' with the two n's pronounced separately, with a split-second pause between them.
c
like 'ts' in hats [SYMBOL: ts]
cs
like 'ch' in chair [SYMBOL: ch]
dzs
like 'j' in jam [SYMBOL: j]
gy
like 'du' in duty or 'de y' in made your [SYMBOL: dj]
j
like 'y' in yes [SYMBOL: y]
ly
same as j
ny
as in canyon or '' in seor [SYMBOL: ny]
r
always rolled like as in Spanish "Mara: less guttural than German
s
as in sugar [SYMBOL: sh]. It is easy to confuse this with sz!
sz
like 's' in see [SYMBOL: s]
ty
like the tu in tube [SYMBOL: ty]
zs
like 'g' in genre or 's' in pleasure [SYMBOL: zh]
Unless you are seriously considering to master Hungarian, learning Hungarian grammar on your trip is not
realistic. But it can help to at least recognize that the following verb conjugations and noun/adjective
declensions are used. While some feel that the most difficult feature of Hungarian is the presence of 18
Grammatical Cases, the endings on nouns can also just simply be seen as postpositions (i.e. like
prepositions tacked onto the ends of the words). Hungarian usually follows a Subject-Object-Verb word
syntax, and like most Uralic languages, is an agglutinative language.
Case System
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Basics
Common signs
Hello.
Szervusz. (SER-voos) OPEN
Hello. (informal) Nyitva
Szia. (SEE-) CLOSED
Note: like English "See ya!", (what a coincidence!) Zrva
How are you? ENTRANCE
Hogy vagy? (hodj vdj) Bejrat
Fine, thank you. EXIT
Ksznm, jl. (K-s-nm, yoal) Kijrat
What is your name? PUSH
Hogy hvjk? (hodj HEEV-yak?) Tolni
My name is ______ . PULL
______ vagyok. ( _____ V-djok.) Hzni
Nice to meet you. TOILET
rvendek. (R-ven-dek) Mosd
Please. MEN
Krem. (KEY-rem) Frfi
Thank you. WOMEN
Ksznm. (K-s-nm) N
You're welcome. FORBIDDEN
Szvesen. (SEE-ve-shen) Tilos
Yes.
Igen. (EE-gen)
No.
Nem. (nem)
Excuse me. (getting attention)
Elnzst. (EL-ney-zeysht)
Excuse me. (begging pardon)
Bocsnatot krek. (BO-cha-n-tot KEY-rek)
I'm sorry.
Bocsnat. (BO-cha-nt)
Goodbye
Viszontltsra. (VEE-sont-la-tash-r)
Goodbye (informal)
Viszlt/Szia. (VEES-lat/SEE-)
I can't speak Hungarian [well].
Nem tudok [jl] magyarul. (nem TOU-dok M-dj-roul)
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Problems
Leave me alone.
Hagyj bkn! (hd BEY-keyn)
Don't touch me!
Ne rj hozzm! (ne eyr)
I'll call the police.
Hvom a rendrsget. (HEE-vom REN-d r-shey-get)
Police!
Rendrsg! (REN-d r-sheyg)
Stop! Thief!
Megllj! Tolvaj! (ME-"guy" Thol-vay)
I need your help.
Segtened kell. (SHE-gee-te-ned kel)
It's an emergency.
Vszhelyzet van. (VEYS-hey-zet vn)
I'm lost.
Eltvedtem. (EL-tey-ved-tem)
I lost my bag.
Elveszett a tskm. (EL-ve-set TASH-kam)
I lost my wallet.
Elveszett a trcm. (EL-ve-set TAR-tsam)
I'm sick.
Rosszul vagyok. (RO-soul V-djok)
I've been injured.
Megsrltem. (MEG-shey-rl-tem)
I need a doctor.
Szksgem van egy orvosra. (SK-shey-gem vn edj Or-vosh-r)
Can I use your phone?
Hasznlhatom a telefonjt? (HS-nal-h-tom TE-le-fon-yat)
Numbers
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1
egy (edj)
2
kett (KET[kApter])
3
hrom (HA-rom)
4
ngy (neydj)
5
t (t)
6
hat (ht)
7
ht (heyt)
8
nyolc (nyolts)
9
kilenc (KEE-lents)
10
tz (teez)
11
tizenegy (TEEZ-en-edj)
12
tizenkett (TEEZ-en-ket-t )
13
tizenhrom (TEEZ-en-ha-rom)
14
tizenngy (TEEZ-en-neyj)
15
tizent (TEEZ-en-t)
16
tizenhat (TEEZ-en-ht)
17
tizenht (TEEZ-en-heyt)
18
tizennyolc (TEEZ-en-nyolts)
19
tizenkilenc (TEEZ-en-ki-lents)
20
hsz (hoos)
21
huszonegy (HOOS-on-edj)
22
huszonkett (HOOS-on-ket-t )
23
huszonhrom (HOOS-on-ha-rom)
30
harminc (HR-mints)
40
negyven (NEDJ-ven)
50
tven (T-ven)
60
hatvan (HT-vn)
70
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hetven (HET-ven)
80
nyolcvan (NYOLTS-vn)
90
kilencven (KEE-lents-ven)
100
szz (saz)
200
ktszz (KEYT-saz)
300
hromszz (HA-rom-saz)
400
ngyszz (NEYDJ-saz)
500
tszz (T-saz)
600
hatszz (HT-saz)
700
htszz (HET-szaz)
800
nyolcszz (NYOLTS-saz)
900
kilencszz (KEE-lent-saz)
1000
ezer (E-zer)
2000
ktezer (KEYT-e-zer)
1,000,000
milli (MIL-li-oa)
1,000,000,000
millird (MIL-li-ard)
1,000,000,000,000
billi (BI-li-oa)
number _____ (train, bus, etc.)
szm _____ (sam)
half
fl (feyl)
less
kevesebb (KE-ve-sheb)
more
tbb (tb)
Time
now
most (mosht)
later
ksbb (KEY-sh b)
before
elbb (E-l b)
early morning (before sunrise)
hajnal (HY-nl)
early morning (after sunrise but before around 9 a.m.)
reggel (REG-gel)
morning
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dleltt (DEYL-e-l t)
afternoon
dlutn (DEYL-ou-tan)
evening
este (ESH-te)
night
jszaka/jjel (EY-s-k/EY-yel)
Clock time
In Hungary as in many other European countries, it's usual to use a 24 hour clock, ranging from 0.00 to
24.00. Okay, 24.00 is actually the same as 0.00, but one day later.
one o'clock AM
hajnali egy ra (HY-nl-i edj OA-r)
two o'clock AM
hajnali kt ra (HY-nl-i keyt OA-r)
nine o'clock AM
kilenc ra (KI-lents OA-r)
noon
dl (deyl)
one o'clock PM
dlutn egy ra (DEYL-ou-tan edj OA-r)
two o'clock PM
dlutn kt ra (DEYL-ou-tan keyt OA-r)
nine o'clock PM
este kilenc ra (ESH-te KI-lents OA-r)
midnight
jfl (EY-feyl)
Duration
_____ minute(s)
_____ perc (perts)
_____ hour(s)
_____ ra (OA-r)
_____ day(s)
_____ nap (np)
_____ week(s)
_____ ht (heyt)
_____ month(s)
_____ hnap (HOA-np)
_____ year(s)
_____ v (eyv)
Days
today
ma (m)
yesterday
tegnap (TEG-np)
tomorrow
holnap (HOL-np)
this week
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Sunday
vasrnap (V-shar-np)
Monday
htf (HEYT-f )
Tuesday
kedd (ked)
Wednesday
szerda (SER-da)
Thursday
cstrtk (CHT-r-tk)
Friday
pntek (PEYN-tek)
Saturday
szombat (SOM-bt)
Months
January
janur (Y-nou-ar)
February
februr (FEB-rou-ar)
March
mrcius (MAR-tsi-oush)
April
prilis (A-pri-lish)
May
mjus (MAY-oush)
June
jnius (YOO-ni-oush)
July
jlius (YOO-li-oush)
August
augusztus (-ou-goust-oush)
September
szeptember (SEP-tem-ber)
October
oktber (OK-toa-ber)
November
november (NO-vem-ber)
December
december (DE-tsem-ber)
26/12/2005
2005. 12. 26.
26th December 2005
2005. december 26.
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Colors
black
fekete (FE-ke-te)
white
fehr (FE-heyr)
gray
szrke (SR-ke)
red
piros (PI-rosh), vrs (V-rsh)
blue
kk (keyk)
yellow
srga (SHAR-g)
green
zld (zld)
orange
narancssrga (N-rnch-shar-g)
purple
lila (LI-l)
brown
barna (BR-n)
Transportation
Directions
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lejt (LEY-t )
Taxi
Taxi!
Taxi! (taxi)
Take me to _____, please.
Vigyen krem a _____-ra/-re. (VI-djen KEY-rem _____-r/-re)
How much does it cost to get to _____?
Mennyibe kerl eljutni _____-ba/-be? (MEN-nyi-be KE-rl EL-yout-ni)
Take me there, please.
Vigyen oda, krem. (VI-djen O-d, KEY-rem)
Lodging
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Money
Eating
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fixed-price meal
ktttras/fix ras fogs (K-tt-ta-rsh/fiks A-rs FO-gash)
la carte
la carte (a la kart)
breakfast
reggeli (REG-ge-li)
lunch
ebd (E-beyd)
tea (meal)
uzsonna (OU-zhon-n)
supper
vacsora (V-cho-r)
I want _____.
Krek _____-t. (KEY-rek _____ -t)
I want a dish containing _____.
Egy olyan fogst krek, amiben van _____. (edj O-yn FO-gasht KEY-rek, -mi-ben vn _____)
chicken
csirkehs (CHIR-ke-hoosh)
beef
marhahs (MR-h-hoosh)
fish
hal (hl)
ham
sonka (SHON-k)
sausage
virsli/kolbsz (VIRSH-li/KOL-bas)
cheese
sajt (shyt)
eggs
tojs (TO-yash)
salad
salta (SH-la-t)
(fresh) vegetables
(friss) zldsg (frish ZLD-sheyg)
(fresh) fruit
(friss) gymlcs (frish DJ-mlch)
bread
kenyr (KEN-yeyr)
toast
pirts (PI-ree-toash)
noodles
galuska/nudli (G-loush-k/NOUD-li)
rice
rizs (reezh)
beans
bab (bb)
May I have a glass of _____?
Kaphatok egy pohr _____-t? (KP-h-tok edj PO-har)
May I have a cup of _____?
Kaphatok egy cssze _____-t? (KP-h-tok edj CHEY-se)
May I have a bottle of _____?
Kaphatok egy veg _____-t? (KP-h-tok edj -veg)
coffee
kv (KA-vey)
tea (drink)
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tea (TE-)
juice
gymlcsl (DJ-mlch-ley)
(bubbly) water
(sznsavas/buborkos) vz ((SEYN-sh-vsh/BOU-bo-rey-kosh) veez)
water
vz (veez)
beer
sr (shr)
red/white wine
vrs/fehr bor (V-rsh/FE-heyr bor)
May I have some _____?
Kaphatok egy kevs _____-t? (KP-h-tok edj KE-veysh _____ -t)
salt
s (shoa)
black pepper
feketebors (FE-ke-te-borsh)
butter
vaj (vy)
Excuse me, waiter? (getting attention of server)
Pincr, krem! (PIN-tseyr, KEY-rem)
I'm finished.
Vgeztem. (VEY-gez-tem)
It was delicious.
Nagyon finom volt. (N-djon FI-nom volt)
Please clear the plates.
Krem, trlje el a tnyrokat. (KEY-rem TR-l-ye el TA-nyeyr-o-kt)
The check, please.
A szmlt, krem. ( SAM-lat, KEY-rem)
Bars
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szda (SOA-d)
tonic water
tonik (TO-nik)
orange juice
narancsl (N-rnch-ley)
Coke
cola (KO-la)
Do you have any bar snacks?
Van valami ropogtatnivaljuk? (vn V-l-mi RO-pog-tt-ni-vl-oa-youk)
One more, please.
Mg egyet, krem. (meyg E-djet, KEY-rem)
Cheers
Egszsgedre. (egg ace shag edre)
Another round, please.
Mg egy krt, krem. (meyg edj krt, KEY-rem)
When is closing time?
Mikor zrnak? (MI-kor ZAR-nk)
Shopping
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...shampoo.
Samponra... (SHAM-pon-r)
...pain reliever. (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen)
Fjdalomcsillaptra (pldul aszpirinre vagy ibuprofenre)... (FAY-d-lom-chil-l-pee-toa-r
(PEL-da-oul S-pi-rin-re vdj I-bou-pro-fen-re))
...cold medicine.
Meghls/megfzs elleni gygyszerre... (MEG-h-leys/MEG-fa-zash EL-le-ni DJOADJ-ser-re)
...stomach medicine.
Hasfogra... (HSH-fo-goa-r)
...a razor.
Borotvra... (BO-rot-va-r)
...an umbrella.
Esernyre... (E-sher-ny -re)
...sunblock lotion.
Ers naptejre... (E-r sh NP-tey-re)
...a postcard.
Kpeslapra... (KEY-pesh-lp-r)
...postage stamps.
Blyegre... (BEY-eg-re)
...batteries.
Elemre... (E-lem-re)
...writing paper.
res paprra... (-resh P-peer-r)
...a pen.
Tollra... (TOL-r)
...English-language books.
Angol nyelv knyvre... (N-gol NYELV- KN-vre)
...English-language magazines.
Angol nyelv lapra/magazinra... (N-gol NYELV- LP-r/M-g-zin-r)
...an English-language newspaper.
Angol nyelv jsgra... (N-gol NYELV- OOY-shag-r)
...an English-Hungarian dictionary.
Angol-magyar sztrra. (N-gol/M-djr SO-tar-r)
Driving
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diesel
gzolaj/dzel (GAZ-o-lay/DEE-zel)
Authority
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