Functional impression

technique
Click to edit Master subtitle style
Dr. Dalaya M V

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 Introduction
The distal extension removable partial denture
does not have the advantage of total tooth
support
One or more bases are extensions covering the
residual ridge for a portion of its support
The distal extension removable partial denture
should also obtain some retention from its base
Indirect retention to prevent the denture from
lifting away from the residual ridge, should also
be incorporated in the design
Whereas the tooth- support base is secured at
either end by the action of a direct retainer and
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supported at either end by a rest, this degree of
 Sincethe ridge must supply some support for
the partial denture functional / dual /
physiologic impression technique is used
Toequalize as much as possible, the support
derived from the edentulous area and that
received from the abutment teeth
The impression of the teeth should be made
in its anatomic form
Normally teeth do not change position under
function to any measurable degree
Theimpression of the soft tissue, on the other
hand, must be made in such a manner as to
record the tissues in a functional form
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Factors influencing the
support of a distal
extension
Support from thebase
residual ridge become more
important as the distance from the last
abutment increases and will depend on the
following several factors:
Contour and quality of the residual ridge
Extent of residual ridge coverage by the
denture base
Type and accuracy of the impression
Accuracy of the fit of the denture base
Design of the partial denture framework
Total occlusal load applied
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Functional impressions
The form of the residual ridge
recorded under some loading,
whether by occlusal loading, finger
loading, or the consistency of the
recorded medium, in specially
designed individual trays is called the
functional form
This is the surface contour of the ridge
when it is supporting a functional load

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Functional impressions
Theobjectives of any functional impression
technique are:
Equalize as much as possible the support
derived from the edentulous area, and that
received from the abutment teeth
Provide maximum support for the
removable partial denture base, thereby
distribute the load over as large an area as
possible
Direct more occlusal forces to the primary
stress bearing regions of the ridge which
are more capable of withstanding the forces
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Minimize movement of the base which
Methods for obtaining
functional impression
I. Mclean's and Hindel's
physiologic impression
II. Fluid wax method
III. Functional reline method

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Mclean's and Hindel's
physiologic impression
i. Mcleans physiologic impression

. The residual ridge that supports a

distal extension base is recorded in
its functional or supporting form, and
then related to the remainder of the
arch by an overall hydrocolloid
impression
. First impression is held in position
with finger pressure
. For this impression technique, a
selectively relieved acrylic individual
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 Free flowing zinc oxide impression
material is used to make an
impression in the tray over the distal
extension base only
The patient applies steady biting
forces during setting of the
impression
Then an overall hydrocolloid
impression of the dental arch is
made with a full arch tray, while the
first impression is held in position
with finger pressure
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 ii. Hindels Physiologic impression
technique
The main change introduced to Mclean's
original technique was that the
impression of the edentulous ridge was
not recorded under biting forces, but was
an anatomic impression of the ridge at
rest
Made with a free flowing zinc oxide
eugenol paste(tray with no occlusion rim)
To establish the relationship between the
teeth and the mucosa to a displaced
state, a perforated full arch tray that has
been provided with two circular openings
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 Special tray with no
occlusal rim

Overall impression
tray with 2 holes in the
molar region

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As the hydrocolloid second impression
is being made, finger pressure is
applied through the holes in the tray,
to the first anatomic impression
This pressure should be maintained
until the alginate impression has
hardened
The finished impression will be a
reproduction of the anatomic form of
the ridge and the surfaces of the teeth
The two are related to each other, as if
masticating forces are taking place on
the denture base
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Fluid wax functional impression
technique, Altered cast, split cast
impression technique
An impression of the displaced edentulous
ridge is made by using an impression tray
attached to the metallic framework
The master cast is then altered to
accommodate the new ridge impression, for
this reason the technique is often referred to
as the altered cast or split cast technique
The term fluid wax is used to denote, waxes
that are firm at room temperature and have
the ability to flow sufficiently at mouth
temperature
They prevent over displacement of the
tissues and permit
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Fluid wax functional impression
technique, Altered cast, split cast
impression technique
The frequently used fluid waxes are Iowa wax
and Korrecta was No. 4
The procedure for making this impression
requires the construction of an individual
acrylic tray attached to the acrylic resin,
minor connector of the framework
The tray is selectively relieved for the lower
arch since, the crest of the ridge is not
considered to be a pressure bearing area
The undersurface of the tray is relieved
Inaddition holes are drilled opposite to the
residual ridge and retromolar pad to allow
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escape of excess impression material as the
 After softening the impression
wax in a water bath, the wax is
painted on the tissue surface of
the tray, the tray is seated in the
patients mouth
Patient maintains his mouth half
open for about 5 minutes with
the dentists three fingers placed
on the two principal occlusal rests
and the indirect retainer
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The framework is held in its terminal
position as the impression is being
made
The peripheral extensions are
developed by tissue movements
Cheek is moved downward, outward,
and upward
Forthe distobuccal border the patient
must move to a wide-open-mouth
position, to activate the masseter
muscle fibers and pterygomandibular
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The distolingual extension is
obtained by having the patient
press the tongue against the
lingual surface of the anterior
teeth
The tray is removed and the wax
examined for evidence of tissue
contact
Where tissue contact is present
the wax surface
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After the impression evidences
complete tissue contact, and the
anatomy of the border limiting
structures is evident, a new cast
is poured as soon as possible to
prevent distortion of the wax
impression
Edentulous regions of the master
cast are eliminated
Framework and
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Functional reline method
Thisprocedure is accomplished before the
insertion of the partial denture, or it may be
done later for the purpose of perfecting the fit
of the denture base to the residual ridge
because of bone resorption
Thepartial denture is constructed on a
master cast made from a single impression
usually irreversible hydrocolloid
Atthe time of denture insertion, a space is
provided on the tissue surface of the denture
base to allow room for the impression
material
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Functional reline method
Thinlayer of modeling compound is painted
on the tissue surface of the denture base, and
borders
Modelingcompound is tempered in water
bath and placed in patient's mouth
Thisprocedure is repeated until base seat
tissues are not displaced in the patient's
mouth and framework is correctly positioned
Bordersare perfected by manipulating
cheeks, and having patient form lingual
borders by tongue movement

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Functional reline method
Bordersof compound are shortened, and
whole inside of impression are relieved with
exception of buccal region
The final impression is made with free-flowing
zinc oxide paste or rubber base
Thepatient must maintain the mouth in a
partially open position while the border
modeling, and impression are being
accomplished
Asin all reline procedures, occlusal
discrepancies must be corrected after the
denture base has been processed.
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