EENG 7738.

81 Wireless Communication
(Tuesday 10:00 AM 12:30 PM)

Project : 1

Project Name: Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) The Next

Generation wireless Technology

Name : Dipen Patel (Student Id:1735925)

Roshani Raval (Student Id:1743585)

Prof. : Zhiwei Mao

Section : 81

Date of Submitted : - .............

Due Date : 04/18/2017

 INDEX

I. Abstract
II. Introduction
III. Working
IV. How it is different?
V. Li-Fi vs Wi-Fi
VI. Advantage and Disadvantage
VII. Application
VIII. Conclusion
IX. Reference

Abstract
The purpose of this report is to introduce a new wireless
technology "Li-Fi" in a real world.
Just imagine that you are sitting in your room or house and using
the internet for your study or business purpose and your internet
is slow due to more device is connected to one Wi-Fi device, you
are getting bored with this daily issue and you need some more
efficient device that handles all the device at a time with proper
speed and no one can steal your data. What's the solution for this
issue? Every problem has a solution so here, One German
physicist Dr. Harald Hass has come up with a solution he calls
"Li-Fi". Data or information sending through a LED light bulb. Li-Fi
does not require radio frequency range. Li-Fi is a thousand time
greater speed than Wi-Fi and provides higher security and privacy
because the light wave cannot pass through the wall or an
obstacle. Dr. Harald Haas amazed people by streaming high
definition video using standard LED bulb at TED Global in July,
2011 [5]. We can use any color of LED bulb but researcher says
that get better result in White bulb. Internet speed is varies
according to the brightness. Li-Fi used for illumination by giving
constant current to the LED so variation in current, optical output
should make better high speed and human eyes cannot detect
that data.
Keywords: LED (Light Emitting Diode), Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity),
VLC (Visible Light Communication), Li-Fi (Light Fidelity)

Introduction
Increased number of users day by day is a major problem in
this world to provide high data rate speed to each user. Due to
lack of radio frequency spectrum, companies cannot give faster
communication system. Now that day is no more far to having
gigabit speed per second in all devices. Yes you perfectly heard,
its a gigabit speed per second. The name of that technology is Li-
Fi. Li-Fi is the next generation higher frequency spectrum using
light rays with fully secure indoor and outdoor wireless
communication. The basic concept of this technology is that data
or file or document can be transfer with the help of LED and the
speed is depending upon intensity of LED bulb. The data is
transmitted through illumination using fiber optics by sending
data through LED bulb and intensity of light is dependent on LED
and human eyes cannot detect [5]. Li-fi is the optical version of
Wi-Fi. The term was first used in this context by Harald haas in his
TED global talk in visible light communication. Theoretically, High-
Definition film to be downloading in just 30 seconds [1]. Light is
inherently safe and you can use this system where radio
frequency communication often reaches, such as aircraft cabin or
mountain area [4]. Here, I have attached a basic diagram of Li-Fi.

Working
One German physicist Dr. Harald Hass has introduced Li-Fi
technology. Li-Fi is a bi-direction multi users high speed fully
secure point to multipoint wireless communication system [3]. "at
the heart of this technology is a new generation of high
brightness light emitting diodes, says harald hass from the
university of Edinburgh, UK, "very simply, if the LED is on, you
transmit a digit 1, if it's off then transmit a 0" harald says. They
can be switched on and off very quickly, which gives you nice
opportunities for transmitting data [10]. Parameters like LEDs
size, ON-OFF speed and number of LEDs can affect data rate of
the communication model. Data rate is inversely proportional to
the Size of LEDs which means smaller the size of LED more will be
the data rate. If ON-OFF speed of LED is faster than we can
transmit data at higher rates in the form of 1s and 0s [1]. Higher
the number of LEDs in a system results in more transmission of
data. The University of Oxford and The University of Edinburgh
are focusing on parallel data transmission using array of LEDs,
where each LED transmits different data stream [5]. Parallel data
transmission refers to a situation when binary data transfer
occurs simultaneously, faster and move more data than serial
transmission but its a complicated. Using array of LEDs or using
mixture of red, green, blue LEDs frequency encoding a different
data channel. So theoretically speed of internet is 10 gigabyte
that means you can download high-definition movie download in
just 30 seconds [1].

Here, we can see that electro-magnetic spectrum, Radio

waves is use for mobile network or Wi-Fi communication. Infrared
is use for eye safety regulation should be use with low power.
Ultraviolet and x-rays are good for those place where people are
not available or i can say that those rays have human health
issues. Visible Rays that everywhere and not harmful for human
as well as animals and also has a wide spectrum [7].
Now as we know that Li-Fi is a visible light communication
system that mean accommodates a photo detector to receive
light signal and a signal processing element convert the data into
stream [8]. The data stream we can recognize as web, video or
audio application that run on internet to enable devices. LED bulb
is semi conductor devices that mean the constant current of
electric supply supplied to an LED bulb can be ON and OFF very
high speed without being visible to human eyes [5]. Li-Fi uses
common LED bulbs to enable data transfer, boasting speeds of up
to 224 gigabits per second.
 In the above image, how Li-Fi system works? Just
assume in the transmitter side user is in close room and there is
one LED bulb connect to Li-Fi system. Users device already has a
photo detector that detects the light of LED and transfer data bi-
directionally. LED bulb is connected with LED Driver that electric
device which regulates the power to LED. LED driver responds to
the changing needs of the LED Circuit, by providing the constant
power to LED as its electric property change with temperature.
The data of 0 and 1 going into router, where router is proving data
stream and also provide some important information like IP
address, MAC address, Destination address, start bit and end bit,
routine service and the most important point is that OSPF (open
shortest path first). Router is also connected with server and
satellite so at the transmitter side user can also upload, download
and surf via internet. After that all information transmits through
light source via satellite without using radio spectrum. Same
system is implemented at the receiver side so users can get the
high speed internet.
 Philips lighting company has developed a VLC system for
shoppers at stores. They have to download an app on their
Smartphone and then their Smartphone works with the LEDs in
the store. The LEDs can pinpoint where they are at in the store
and give them corresponding coupons and information based on
where aisle they are on and what they are looking at [3].

How it is different?
Li-Fi system is working on LED to transfer or receive the
data. The transferred data could be any of the light sources.
Doesnt matter it is the part of radio spectrum or invisible or
ultraviolet or the visible light. Speed of internet is extremely high
compared to Wi-Fi system therefore, you can download any movie
or file or document very fast [5]. Wi-Fi systems not much secure
in comparison to Li-Fi. How? Light waves cannot transfer if you put
obstacle between light and photo detector. Li-Fi is transfer data
through visible light and 10,000 times more bandwidth than radio
frequency [6]. Basically, Li-Fi system more secure, reliable, user
friendly, more advance rather than other systems.
Li-Fi vs Wi-Fi
 Li-Fi is a term which i can used to describe visible light
communication using to high speed wireless communication. The
name admired similarity to Wi-Fi technology. Wi-Fi is used for the
short distance coverage like office or one building. Li-Fi is an ideal
for high density wireless data coverage in confined area without
using radio frequency. In short, these two technologies can be
used complimentary [9]. The IEEE 802.11.n provides up to
150Mbits/s in Wi-Fi technology, Li-Fi is used same wireless
protocol but it uses visible light communication instead of radio
frequency [9]. Radio waves penetrate through walls so its a big
problem for security reason in Wi-Fi and this problem is overcome
in Li-Fi Technology. Now days, availability of radio waves is major
problem for mobile companies and such as we cannot use mobile
phones in aero planes and at places like petrol pump or power
plant so its a better option to use Li-Fi system for those places
[2].

Advantage and Disadvantage

Advantage:
Achieve speed more than 10 GBPS, theoretically allow a high
definition film download in just 30 sec.
Totally works on LED so it reduces cost.
Communication is fast, easy and reliable.
Bandwidth is 10,000 times greater than radio waves.
Harmless, totally secure and user friendly

Disadvantage
Presence of light
Light cannot pass through object
Affected by external light like sun
First time setup cost is high

Application
Underwater and aircraft system
Modern medical instrument
Mobile connectivity
Power plants and oil gas installations

Conclusion
 Li-Fi could take place of Wi-Fi in near future. Assume that if
Li-Fi system is put in practically, we could get the high speed
internets and also a greener, brighter future, safer and secure.
Currently Li-Fi system is in under process for more convenient and
better performance. The number of users increase day by day,
using internet is essential for all persons so more challenges are
being faced everyday and its hard to get a reliable and high
speed signal. Li-fi system has capability to resolve all this
problems and also use light waves instead of radio waves. Li-Fi
system need line of sight connectivity with the light source
therefore research work is required to overcome this limitation to
implement this technology in practical use. Service provider and
companies have challenge that how to maintain this whole
system and provide better and efficient performance.
 Reference
1. International Journal of Computer Networks &
Communications (IJCNC) Vol.8, No.3, May 2016
2. http://ijcsmc.com/docs/papers/September2015/V4I9201521.
pdf
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi
4. https://www.scribd.com/document/172957336/Abstract-on-
Lifi-1
5. https://www.slideshare.net/manishareddie23/technical-
seminar-report-on-lifi-technology
6. http://www.homemade-circuits.com/2016/01/how-to-make-
simple-li-fi-light-fidelity.html
7. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/li-fi-light-fidelity-future-
technology-wireless-divya-karumanchi
8. http://www.techworld.com/big-data/what-is-li-fi-everything-
you-need-know-3632764/
9. http://www.ijser.org/paper/Wireless-Communication-With-
LED.html
10. Will Li-Fi be the new Wi-Fi?, New scientist, by Jamie
Condliffe, dated 28 July 2011