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Instruction: Read the text below and answer Questions 1-5. Shade the best answer
on the answer sheet on page 15.
1 There are many possible answers to this question, such as good health, a
comfortable home, plenty of friends or long holidays. These are things which
most people would like to have, but neither these, nor any other things, would
make life worth living, unless we were able to enjoy them. Whether or not we
enjoy things depends on the emotions those things arouse in us.
2 Emotion is the word which we use to describe feelings such as love, hate,
joy, sorrow, fear, hope, curiosity, wonder, pity, amusement, etc. These feelings
play a very important part in our lives: they not only influence our happiness,
but they also affect our health, our memory and our powers of reasoning and
perception. They give meaning to our experience. They enter into our judgments
about people and things and they influence our decisions and actions.
3 Any very strong emotion produces certain changes inside the body. For
example, when a person is very frightened or very angry, certain glands, known
as the adrenal glands, become more active than usual, and release into the
blood stream a substance called adrenalin. This makes the heart beat faster,
quickens the rate of breathing, stops the activity of the stomach, and causes an
extra supply of blood to be sent to the muscles. The effect of these changes is to
let loose reserves of energy. Therefore, as a result of being frightened or angry,
a person is often able to do things which he would not have believed possible. If
a man is being chased by a wild animal, his fear will enable him to run much
faster than he has ever run before, and if a tired person is made really angry
about something he will find himself possessed of renewed energy.
4 Although the emotions of fear and anger may be useful to us when we have
to deal with situations which demand physical strength and energy, yet they
can also be harmful. If a person is frequently frightened or frequently angry,
these changes will be taking place all the time: if this goes on for long his health
will be affected. A person who lives on his reserves of energy soon wears himself
out: he will begin to suffer from such things as tiredness, stomach trouble,
sleeplessness and loss of weight. People who suffer from these things for which
there appears to be no physical cause are sometimes described as suffering
from their nerves, but this description is incorrect. It is not their nerves which
are responsible for their suffering, but their emotions.
(Adapted from Tan, 2000)
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(10 marks)
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Instruction: Read the text below and answer Questions 6-10. Shade the best answer
on the answer sheet on page 15.
1 Research methods in education and the other social sciences are often
divided into two main types: quantitative and qualitative methods. This article
discusses one of these two main strands: quantitative methods, and what
distinguishes quantitative from qualitative methods.
5 Fortunately, we are far less limited than might appear from the above.
Many data that do not naturally appear in quantitative form can be collected in
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6 The last part of the definition refers to the use of mathematically based
methods, in particular statistics, to analyse the data. This is what people
usually think about when they think of quantitative research, and is often seen
as the most important part of quantitative studies. This is a bit of a
misconception, as, while using the right data analysis tools obviously matters a
great deal, using the right research design and data collection instruments is
actually more crucial. The use of statistics to analyse the data is, however, the
element that puts a lot of people off doing quantitative research, as the
mathematics underlying the methods seems complicated and frightening. Most
researchers do not really have to be particularly expert in the mathematics
underlying
1 the methods, as computer software allows us to do the analyses
quickly and (relatively) easily.
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End of Section A
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Instruction: The text below contains five (5) errors in citations. For Questions 11-15,
choose the option with the corrected citation and shade your answer on the answer
sheet on page 15.
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PBI 1092 Academic English 2 Matric No. :
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(10 marks)
Instruction: Each of the reference below contains one (1) error. For Questions 16-20,
choose the option with the identified error and shade your answer on the answer sheet
on page 15.
16. Gardner, H. (2012). The Art of Cultivating Multiple Intelligences. Mason, OH:
Thomson Higher Education.
A. (2012).
B. Gardner, H.
C. Mason, OH:
D. The Art of Cultivating Multiple Intelligences.
17. Simon, E., & Palmer, M. (2014). Learning environments of the future. In K. M.
Williams & P. Cohen (Eds.), Future learning (130-185). Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press.
18. Solomon, M., Long, A., & Kevin, S. (2010). The effects of crime rate on the
market demands of properties. Journal of International Economics,
14(2), 111-129.
A. 111-129.
B. Solomon, M., Long, A., & Kevin, S.
C. Journal of International Economics, 14(2),
D. The effects of crime rate on the market demands of properties.
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19. Ming, C., Lee, A. L., & Benson, H. (2014). An introduction to reversed
technology. China, Beijing: Panda Press.
A. Panda Press.
B. China, Beijing:
C. Ming, C., Lee, A. L., & Benson, H.
D. An introduction to reversed technology.
20. Doss, S. W. (January 8, 2013). Back to where it all began. The New Straits
Times, p. N7.
A. p. N7.
B. Doss, S. W.
C. (January 8, 2013)
D. Back to where it all began.
(10 marks)
End of Section B
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Instruction: The text below contains five (5) underlined sentences that will be
paraphrased. Answer Questions 21-25 and shade the best answer on the answer sheet
on page 15.
Friends are more important now than ever. 21We need to have close friends
that we can talk to about our feelings and problems in order to get empathetic and non-
judgmental hearings. Psychologists have demonstrated the crucial role that friends
play in everything from our development of self-identity to self-esteem, and 22 the
important role they play in mitigating the increasing stress in our lives. Unfortunately,
the state of friendship in our society is in trouble. Many people would say they are too
busy for friends, given the increasing demands of work, family and 23 compulsive
commitments to television and other activities at home.
Technology, especially the Internet may provide a solution. In the early 90s,
virtual pets such as the Tamagotchis and Furbies were introduced into the
marketplace. 24 These virtual pet devices provided sophisticated simulations of animal
pets which require some levels of care-taking. They were designed overtly to provoke
emotional responses from their users. However, with the onslaught of Internet in the
past ten years, these virtual pets were soon replaced with virtual friends. The Internet
has changed the fabric of our relationships and the ability to uphold long-term
friendships. 25 Users can now engage with friends by registering an account on diverse
friendship-making websites, widely known as social networking websites.
21. Select the best synonym to replace the word empathetic in sentence 21.
A. compassionate
B. energetic
C. hypercritical
D. lucrative
22. Select the best synonym to replace the word mitigating sentence 22.
A. announcing
B. influencing
C. migrating
D. reducing
23. Select the best synonym to replace the word compulsive sentence 23.
A. committed
B. explosive
C. uncontrolled
D. victorious
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24. Select the statement with the best change of structure for sentence 24 without
changing its original meaning.
A. The simulations of animal pets are provided by the electronic devices.
B. Some levels of care-taking is still needed for the virtual pet simulations.
C. The virtual pet devices allow some levels of care-taking, which requires
sophisticated simulations.
D. Advanced simulations of animal pets that embedded some levels of care-
taking is provided by the virtual pet devices.
25. Select the statement with the best change of structure for sentence 25 without
changing its original meaning.
A. Social networking websites are only meant for users who intend to have
friends.
B. By having an account on social networking websites, users can engage with
their friends.
C. Users are now able to register social networking websites in order to have
diverse friendship.
D. By registering an account on diverse friendship-making websites, known as
social networking websites, users are able to have better friends.
(10 marks)
End of Section C
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End of Section D
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10. (A) (B) (C) (D) 23. (A) (B) (C) (D)
11. (A) (B) (C) (D) 24. (A) (B) (C) (D)
12. (A) (B) (C) (D) 25. (A) (B) (C) (D)
End of Examination
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