BUDA UNIVERSITY

Bnki Dont Faculty of Mechanical and Safety Engineering

Institute of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering

..

MULTIOBJECTIVE
OPTIMIZATION PACKAGE OF
MODEFRONTIER: THE STATE OF
THE ART SURVEY

OE-BGK Students Name: Rituraj Rituraj

2017. Registration Number:

 BUDA UNIVERSITY
Dont Bnki Faculty of Mechanical and Safety Engineering
Institute of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering

THESIS

Students surname, forename (s): Rituraj Rituraj

Registration number: Neptun code: DQXBWR
Thesis number:

Branch of study, specialization: Mechanical and Safety Engineering, MSc Mechatronics

Engineering

The proposed title of the thesis:

Task description:

1. .
2.
3.

Institutional consultant's name

External consultants name and workplace: Dr. Amir Mosavi; Institute of Automation
Kando Kalman Faculty of Electrical Engineering; budai Egyetem

The limitation period of the theme issued:

Subjects of final examination:

Issued: Budapest, PH .......................................................

Head of Institute

The Thesis is suitable for submission:

.......................................................
 Institutional consultant

3
 BUDA UNIVERSITY

Bnki Dont Faculty of Mechanical and Safety Engineering

DECLARATION OF STUDENT

The undersigned student hereby declares that the thesis as his own results, the literature,
and tools used can be identified. Results in the achieved thesis may be used for the
purposes and tasks of the university awarding institution free of charge, subject to any
restrictions on encryption.

Budapest, 20................................

..................................................

Students signature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, word of thanks is to the Almighty God for His faithfulness to see
me through and patiently guide me through the whole experiment of difficulties and
human disappointments. I am very grateful to have been doing my Master Degree
during the course of my two years at Obuda University. Studying here makes me feel
at home and gives me opportunities to focus on my studies considerably. Obuda
University has all the necessary facilities that I needed during my studies, the well-
equipped library, laboratories, and classrooms. I had a chance to attend various practical
in and outside the school organized by the school, therefore I gained more field
experience from all different field work.
My indebted thanks are forwarded to my supervisors Dr. Amir Mosavi for his kind
support and thorough guidance. However, my sincere gratitude goes to my classmates
for helping me out with their personal time and courage to move on whenever the need
arose. In the same vein, I would like to thank my Parents, brothers and sisters for their
financial support and timely check-up on studies and research progress, and my
roommate. I would like also to thank all colleagues who contributed to my progress in
this document, in one way or the other as well as Stipendium Hungaricum Scholarship
and Obuda University for the opportunity they gave me.
Finally, honor and grateful thanks go to my family for training me how to live with
people. Finally, to the fellow countrymates thank you for always being there for me,
your support, prayers and best wishes always give me strength to do more and courage
to study hard. I believe and promise to myself that I will continue to ride the ladder of
education and do more researches proudly with your constant support you give me.

i
ABSTRACT
Multiobjective optimization method of modeFrontier software is becoming popular
now a day. The reason is that it utilizes the available resources in an efficient manner
and provide results in less duration of time. This thesis survey the algorithm and method
of modeFrontier to solve optimization problem in different sectors like Energy,
Manufacturing, Material, Transportation, Bioscience, Aerospace, Metal forming,
Electrical engineering, Health & Foundry. This research is focused on multiobjective
optimization methods of modeFrontier. It involves various optimization methods like
Design optimization, Numerical analysis, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Evolutional
algorithm etc. These methods are compiled together in modeFrontier that provide an
easy workflow for different modules and act as a building block for solving multiple
decision issues of product modeling. This work demonstrates the increasing demand of
this software in the upcoming years which is justified by graphical representation. This
thesis is an art of survey for reviewing the recent and past achievement of
multiobjective optimization, involved tools and methods. The data collected from
previous studies demonstrate that this software has huge advantage for companies and
academics to carry out optimization in product modeling.

Keywords: Multiobjective optimization, modeFrontier, Numerical analysis, Design

optimization, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Evolutional algorithm.

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ ii
LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. vii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................ viii
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) ................................................................... 2
1.3 Approaches to optimal engineering design ..................................................................... 3
1.4 Contributions ................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 modeFrontier ................................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Aim of the thesis.............................................................................................................. 5
1.7 Thesis outline................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2. MULTI- OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION METHODS................................................ 7
2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Basic concepts ................................................................................................................. 7
2.3. Weighting Method .......................................................................................................... 8
2.4. Posteriori Method ........................................................................................................... 8
2.5. Priori Method ................................................................................................................. 8
2.6. Genetic Algorithm (GA)................................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER 3. modeFrontier: AN EXCLUSIVE ONE CLICK OPTIMIZER ................................... 10
3.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 10
3.2. Comparison .................................................................................................................. 10
3.3. Concept behind modeFrontier ...................................................................................... 11
3.4. Workflow management with modeFrontier ................................................................. 11
3.5. Features and Benefits ................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 4. LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................... 13
4.1. Energy .......................................................................................................................... 13
4.2. Health ........................................................................................................................... 23
4.3. Materials ....................................................................................................................... 27
iii
 4.4 Manufacturing ............................................................................................................... 34
4.5 Transportation ............................................................................................................... 39
4.6. Aerospace ..................................................................................................................... 46
4.7 BioScience ..................................................................................................................... 53
4.8 Foundry Industry ........................................................................................................... 56
4.9 Metal Forming ............................................................................................................... 61
4.10 Electrical Engineering ................................................................................................. 65
CHAPTER 5. SURVEY RESULT ........................................................................................... 71
5.1 State of optimization in industry ................................................................................... 71
5.2 Geographical expansion of modeFrontier ..................................................................... 72
5.3 modeFrontier applications in different sectors .............................................................. 73
CHAPTER 6. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................ 75
6.1 General use of modeFrontier ........................................................................................ 75
6.2. Advantageous to company ........................................................................................... 75
6.3. Optimization and modelling techniques ....................................................................... 75
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 77
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 78

iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Methods used for multiobjective optimization
Figure 2: A coarse structured mesh used for the ideal gas and real gas calculations
Figure 3: Use of modeFrontier in energy sector
Figure 4: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in energy sector
Figure 5: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in energy sector
Figure 6: FEM in preliminary design
Figure 7: Packing Optimization
Figure 8: modeFrontier application in health
Figure 9: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in health sector
Figure 10: Pareto design of a plastic pot
Figure 11: Optimize atomistic models for specific engineering task
Figure 12: Integrated Optimization
Figure 13: modeFrontier applications in material sector
Figure 14: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in material sector
Figure 15: Parameter Optimization FE: Connecting Rod
Figure 16: Structural simulation with ANSYS
Figure 17: modeFrontier applications in manufacturing sector
Figure 18: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in manufacturing sector
Figure 19: System representation in Autonomie
Figure 20: The total pressure in the symmetry plane
Figure 21: Upper planum internally design
Figure 22: CFD models
Figure 23: modeFrontier application in transportation sector
Figure 24: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in transportation sector
Figure 25: CFD streamlines on torpedo rubbers
Figure 26: Original NSGA- II
Figure 27: Controlled Elitism NSGA- II
Figure 28: MDO- MOO (min EW and FW) without flutter analysis
Figure 29: MDO- MOO (min EW and FW) with flutter analysis
Figure 30: modeFrontier application in aerospace
Figure 31: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in aerospace
Figure 32: modeFrontier application in bioscience
Figure 33: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in bioscience
Figure 34: Convention effect of optimization
Figure 35: modeFrontier application in foundry
Figure 36: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in foundry
Figure 37: Simulation result validation of a rifled pipe

v
Figure 38: modeFrontier application in metal foaming
Figure 39: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in metal foaming
Figure 40: Optimized magnetic gear topology
Figure 41: Fuel economy and weight optimization by GA using 7 designs variables
Figure 42: modeFrontier application in electrical engineering
Figure 43: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in electrical engineering
Figure 44: Percentage of industry sectors with different years of experience in using m
modeFrontier
Figure 45: Percentage of companies using optimization at different configuration
levels.
Figure 46: Percentage of companies using optimization in different domains
Figure 47: Percentage of companies using different techniques for modeFrontier
Figure 48: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in 2008
Figure 49: Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in 2016
Figure 50: modeFrontier application in different sectors

vi
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Review of modeFrontier applications in energy

Table 2: Review of modeFrontier applications in health
Table 3: Review of modeFrontier applications in material
Table 4: Review of modeFrontier applications in manufacturing
Table 5: Review of modeFrontier applications in transportation
Table 6: Review of modeFrontier applications in aerospace
Table 7: Review of modeFrontier applications in bioscience
Table 8: Review of modeFrontier applications in foundry
Table 9: Review of modeFrontier applications in metal foaming
Table 10: Review of modeFrontier applications in electrical engineering

vii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

(1) MOO Multi Objective Optimization

(2) MCDM- Multi Criteria Decision Making
(3) DMs Decision Makers
(4) mF modeFrontier
(5) CAE Computer Aided Engineering
(6) GA Genetic Algorithm
(7) DOE- Design of experiment
(7) CAD- Computer Aided Design
(8) RSM Response Surface Methodologies
(9) MOGA Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm
(10) RLW Remote Laser Winding
(l1) BSFC Break Specific Fuel Consumption
(12) LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas
(13) NSGA Non -Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm
(14) RIA Reliability Index Approach
(15) SLWR Steel Lazy Wave Riser
(16) CABS Climate Adaptive Building Shell
(17) UWB Ultra Wide Range
(18) NZEB Net Zero Energy Building
(19) CNG Compressed Natural Gas
(20) OSP Optimal Shape Problem
(21) ANSYS Analysis System
(22) IPMSM Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
(23) GHGs Green House Gases
(24) ACP Automatic Cell Planning
(25) MEMS Micro Electro Magnetic System
(26) EH Energy Harvesting
(27) BEM Boundary Element Method
(28) HAWT Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
(29) CCS Complex Chemical System
(30) FSAE Formula Society of Automotive Engineers
(31) EIP Enterprise Information Portal Computing
(32) MADM Multiple Attribute Decision Making
(33) FPSO Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization
(34) FEM Finite Element Method
(35) ITC Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
(36) AVF Arterio Venous Fistula
(37) CAD Computer Aided Design
(38) TTM Time to Market
(39) PI-LPV Proportional Integrator Linear Parameter Varying
(40) FEA Finite Element Analysis

viii
(41) SMEs Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
(42) CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics
(43) LVSB Low Voltage Switchboard
(44) R& D Research & Development
(46) EA Evolutionary Algorithm
(47) MOSA Multi Objective Simulated Annealing
(48) H- FAST Hybrid- FAST
(49) MOEA Multi Objective Evolutionary Algorithm

ix
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview
In today's era of global competition, when the consumer has become much more
smarter and educated. There is also awareness about the competitive and alternatives
available in the market. The producer must be smarter to have the profit. For this
purpose, there need to optimize the product. The products which produced should
satisfy the consumer demands. In order to do that the producer must optimize the
resources. To fully utilize the resources so that the prices should be as less as possible.
Consequently, the consumer not only look for the prices but also for the quality,
performance and features of the products. So, the producers should know the proper
way to optimize the things. Today we cannot depend on one objective optimization
methods. The optimization should be multi-objective in order to get maximum benefits.
For this, there need to focus on many aspects of the available resources. Spanning over
several engineering domains. there are clear trends in industries towards more complex
products and they must optimize them in such a way that it should be as simple as
possible.
Besides that, there is a pressure on the producer to develop their products at faster rate,
competitive prices with high quality. In order to meet all the demands, the
manufacturing company has to focus on their manufacturing process. According to
Drucker (1985), in manufacturing process, there are many issues which comes into
picture. One of it is to ensure the efficiency of the manufacturing process which can be
done by analyzing and managing the design process. Another issue is to develop
techniques and tools that must support the complex design products which produce the
wealth of the computerized engineering tools as suggested by Colton et al (1991).
Today most of the things are getting digitalized due to the advanced evolution of
computers. So, the computational capabilities of the computer increase the scope for
simulation and numerical optimization. However, in the analytical techniques, the
simulation models and the numerical optimization could be of important value and can
permit vast improvement in the design of the products statement given by Johan (2001).
According to Giuseppe (2008), multiobjective optimization is a solution of finding the
vector of decision variables. It satisfies constraints and optimizes a vector function
whose elements represent the objective functions of that variables. according to Mosavi
(2013) MOO approach is also needed in relating human beings to the computer. This is
done by brain- computer optimization approach for solving complicated geometrical
decision- making problems.
The optimization is needed according to the demand. In many cases, the optimization
only related with improving the quality and efficiency but its not like that, the
1
optimization must also consider the environment. According to Eickhoff et al (1996),
MOO deals with contradictory objectives and the best solution which make a
compromise between demand and environment. There are many approaches which is
used for MOO, one of it is Pareto set of solutions suggested by Thibault et al. (2003).
The most common methods used for this purpose are objective weighting, distance
functions, and a method of min-max functions. So, in short, the introduction of a multi-
objective optimization framework allows to manage more information (Shaul et al,
2007). Considering the traditional meaning of optimization methods or design, the
designer must design the desired structure for a given tasks by selecting the desired
variables. According to Mosavi (2009) for hydrodynamic design approach MOO based
design method is applied. This is done in two different setups and techniques.

1.2 Multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM)

According to Mosavi et al (2010) MCDM is a modelling tool which is used to deal with
the complex large scale engineering optimization problems. Optimal engineering
design is decision-making process. In this sense, the designing process would overlap
with the other theories and methods in further disciplines, e.g., decision sciences,
economics. This fact would force the process of design into a complex systems context.
The demand that design decisions account for a products integrated development
process. In such process the practical industrial problems need to be considered from
different perspectives. This is needed for optimization of several conflicting objectives.
It gives idea for decision-making on the several conflicting criteria. In this context, the
benefits of utilizing MCDM includes the conflicting design objectives. These are taken
into the account simultaneously. It leads to the problems which would deliver a
significant and competitive advantage to the engineering design community. According
to Mosavi et al (2013), in an optimal engineering design environment the MCDM
problem is taken as a combined task of MOO and decision-making. Therefore, MOO
approaches for creating Pareto-optimal solutions are considered vital to MCDM
community. According to Mosavi et al (2012) utilizes a software architecture for
interactive optimization and MCDM for the criteria of mechanical behaviour of the
woven industry during the draping. Implementing MCDM task for solving optimal
engineering problems is very important. In the same time, complicated approach for
engineers is pursued. The problems of this type are mostly non-convex, nonlinear and
computationally expensive. This includes numerous variables and several conflicting
objectives. According to Mosavi et al (2012), solving the optimal engineering design
problems like this, which are mostly referred to black-box optimization problem is not
a simple task. Meanwhile engineers prefer to utilize the efficient and easy to use
approaches to solve these problems effectively and accurately. Even though the
optimization research community has developed numerous approaches to global. The
multi-objective optimization is an including meta modeling methodologies, interactive,
and evolutionary algorithms. These are mainly surveyed due to the difficulties often
2
associated with the usage. Mosavi (2013) proposed a MCDM software tool which
integrates the search heuristic techniques for efficiently solve complex optimization
problems. This is based on reactive search optimization methodology. Several
requirements mostly associated with increasing the design space. These are not
applicable in real-life engineering optimization problems within the industry. Mosavi
et al (2010) proposed that the data mining can be used to identify the effective variables
of the MCDM systems. Mosavi (2013) proposed a methodology which delivers the
capability of handling the very big data. This is associated with production decision
making and selection of material. This is also based on MCDM problems.

1.3 Approaches to optimal engineering design

For an optimal design, DMs have been urged to extract as much information as possible
from a limited number of test runs. This is done due to highly expensive numerical
analyses in the engineering and process simulations. The vast number of existing
statistical and optimization algorithms are to extract the most relevant qualitative
information. This is done from a database of experiments to support the decisions. The
MOO algorithms offer a significant competitive advantage in the different fields of
engineering optimal design. These are the conflicting objectives considered as leading
to the problems. In this context, the task of algorithms selection followed by
understanding the true nature of a problem which is vital for an effective approach to
the optimal engineering design. According to Joshua et al (2008), algorithms for
MCDM are interactive, evolutionary and meta-modeling because of their efficiency.
These help in solving the optimal engineering design. Although considering the shape
of optimization problems, the aesthetics criterion is a common objective evaluation
function. According to Sunith et al (2016), in the optimal design tasks the interactive
approaches are found to be more effective. They are capable to support the DM actively
in finding the Pareto-optimal solutions. Mosavi et al (2012) based on reactive search
optimization proposed a method which involve the decision maker in the optimization
problem which help to find a single solution using Pareto optimal set. This is done by
continuously involving in the solution process to better guide the search. Utilizing a
decision-support system with the ability for reducing the design space. This would help
to decrease the complexities. It also provides the ability for understanding the true
nature of the problem. Mosavi (2013) explains that decision making algorithm together
with evolutionary and interactive optimization used to generate Pareto optimal
solutions for any kind of optimization problem. This is done by reactive search
methodology.

1.4 Contributions
In todays highly competitive market environments, engineering designs must be
optimized in order to succeed in accomplishing design objectives while satisfying the
3
design constraints. Considering inevitable multiple criteria, e.g., the product
development lead-time, cost and performance must be also optimized. This is to ensure
affordable and speedy reaction to the changing market needs. Thus, a deep
understanding of the computational tools to be used for MOO. According to Narayanan
et al (1996), the simulation-based optimal design is critical for supporting the
engineering decision-making processes. Therefore, an improved decision procedure is
formed. This is according to the limited human memory and data processing
capabilities.
The research, development, and successful case studies on MCDM and MOO methods
suggested to engineering optimal design community are large in number, taking these
for instance. The expansion and progress of applicability and popularity of these
methods is within engineering design communities have been very slow. This indicates
an obvious gap between academic research and the industrial real-life applications. In
this way, more challenging real-life applications become the designs new issues the
strategy would demand for the further improvements. Such as optimal design of
composite textile where the detailed-complex geometry parametrization, big data and
increasing the number of ways in decision-making. For this reason, in the improved
design strategy the former BURNS-based shape parametrization method is enhanced
with a new methodology called generative algorithms.

1.5 modeFrontier
With a multi objective approach the belief about the optimization has changed. This is
because the longer focus on a single target is no longer exists. Now, this try to improve
a set of goals. In short, the ultimate goal of multiobjective optimization is to set an
efficient compromise rather than a single solution. To optimize the numerous factors
there is one software called modeFrontier can be used. It is an integration platform.
This is used for multi objective optimization, automation of design process and analytic
decision making. This provides seamless coupling with engineering tools within
various disciplines. (Alberto, 2015) provides an optimization environment with profile
based and modular access. It is developed by ESTECO S.P.A and stable release on 27
May 2016. It works on operating system named Cross-platform. The integration
platform of ESTECO for multi-disciplinary and multiobjective optimization. This
offers a seamless coupling with third party engineering tools. According to (Hopsan,
2014), it enables the automation of the design simulation process. It also facilitates
analytic decision making. It is the first commercial tool which allows a multi-objective
optimization. This is applied to any engineering design area.
Basically in 1999, Esteco established in Europe and in 2001 in expanded to Asian
market and in 2004 it is expanded in North America. Finally, in 2016 the stable
configuration of it V5.0 is expanded all over the world. Traditional approach of
4
optimization is to first initialize the configuration, then it need to simulate. After that it
need to evaluate the result if it is ok then it will accept the command of optimization. If
it is not then it needs modification then again it will start from simulation. But if we
look the optimization method from modeFrontier it is very easy and take less time. In
this parametric model, design objectives and constraints enters into the modeFrontier
and the optimal trade off solution is obtained. These are the design process with
powerful workflows. This innovates algorithm and sophisticate post processing tools.
It allows the user to perform statistical analysis, data visualization and decision making.
It consolidates specialized expertise and streamline teamwork. This is done by
allocating software resources. This uses different modules like modeSpace and
modeProcess according to the profile of the user. mF2016 discovers the philosophy
behind modeFrontier. It reduces complexity, improves the efficiency. It reduces the
development time. modeSpace enables efficient license. It plays a role in management
within teams. This also includes the sophisticated set of modeFrontier tools. This is for
data analysis. This also investigate the problem characteristics both in pre- optimization
phase and post processing. modeProcess intends for describing processes in the form
of graphical workflows. It is an independent desktop application and specifies the
parameters and simulations. These are required to solve an engineering design
problems. This is used in different fields like automotive, electronics, aerospace,
energy, materials, applications, defense and space, universities and many more fields.
modeFrontier is a powerful tool to couple with CAE software. This helps to explore
design possibilities. In this tool, any numerical model can be integrated. Many multi
objective optimization algorithms and pre/post-processing tools are available in
modeFrontier. In short, it helps to design different optimization strategies.

1.6 Aim of the thesis

The aim of this thesis is to make a survey data which can give an important data about
modeFrontier software. For multiobjective optimization there are various methods,
algorithm and software which are used to solve such problems. modeFrontier is a
software which is used for solving these problems. The well-organized structure is to
be created in order to understand the implementation of this software in ten different
sectors. After that an outcome of the survey will be shown with the help of graph. It
also shows the geographical expansion of this software in different sectors.

1.7 Thesis outline

This thesis is organized in the five sections.
Section one is the introduction part which is already discussed. This gives a short view
on the multiobjective optimization. It shows the aim of this thesis. It shows the
contribution of multiobjective optimization in different sectors

5
Section two, it is aimed to present brief overview on the existing approaches for
multiobjective optimization tools. This presents the various methods which is used for
such optimization. It gives a short view on basic methods, Posteriori method, Priori
methods, Genetic algorithm approach. Section three deals with the explanation of
modeFrontier in details. It deals with concept behind it, comparison with other old
methodology, workflow management, features and benefit of it and also meta modeling
with it.
Section four deals with the literature review of almost all the work done for the
multiobjective optimization approach using modeFrontier. This review is done in ten
different fields. This review is done from year 2008 to 2016.
Section five deals with the survey of the review. This shows the importance of the
modeFrontier in companies and also the role of it. This section shows the different
aspect why it is becoming important and where it is used.
Section six deals the discussion and the conclusion about the multiobjective
optimization and the modeFrontier.

6
CHAPTER 2. MULTI- OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION METHODS

2.1 Overview
Multiple objectives involve many decision and planning problems. There are no unique
solutions which exists in such kind of problems. These problems are based on the
theoretical background. For solving these problems, a set of mathematically good
solutions exists. These solutions are called Pareto optimal solution. Chankong et al
(1979) in multiobjective decision-making analysis formulates a Kuhn-Tucker
multiplier as tradeoffs. A human DM considers the multiple objectives. Simultaneously
it fits a Pareto optimal solution. The solution process needs involvement of the DM
which is done in the form of specifying preferences information and the final solution
is determined. The preferences of DM an explicit preference model is built in order to
find solutions which fit the solution. There can be a list of several properties of
multiobjective optimization methods. Some of the desirable properties are:
generate Pareto optimal solutions,
Pareto optimal solutions help DM,
reduce the time,
should not too much complicated or demanding,
as final one find the most preferred solution.

2.2 Basic concepts

For a continuous multiobjective optimization problems an infinite number of Pareto
optimal solutions can be find which for a continuous multiobjective optimization
problems. However, multiobjective optimization problems have a finite solution. But
there is a possibility large number of solutions exists for that single problem and it may
be disconnected to each other. Practically there is no relevance of a local Pareto optimal
objective vector. It might be possible when it is not global. This is because of the interior
feasible objective region. These solutions are always located on its boundaries.
Therefore, there is a high possibility to improve it. The non-empty feasible region is
compact. Since all these functions are semi-continuous in nature. Therefore, only Pareto
optimal solution exists. This depends on the objective functions, domination structure
and feasible region of DM. The MOO methods are used to fulfill two requirements:
First, in finding any optimal solution and second, in generating only the Pareto optimal
solution. There is a methodology to solve these problems which is known by
Scalarization. (Eichfelder, 2008) explained that the problem which involves multiple
objectives is converted into a single objective optimization problem function is known
as Scalarization. There are various methods used for solving the multiobjective
optimization. These are discussed below:

7
2.3. Weighting Method
Different weights are used in the generation of different Pareto optimal solutions
therefore this method can also be known as posteriori method. In this case, the DM can
select the most appropriate weights needed for the optimization. If the DM specify the
weights then it is used as a priori method. It may also happen that the method does not
behave as expected. This is happening in case of nonconvex problem because when the
weights of the method alter, it might jump from one vertex to another. This leaves
intermediate solution which can be undetected. But always it is not easier to check the
convexity in real application. Therefore, it is a very serious and important aspect to find
solution through this method. Therefore, for critical MOO problems it is not used
frequently. Das and Denis (1997) explained that a set of weights which is distributive
in nature but does not produce Pareto optimal set and can be used for MOO problems.
But even this is also for the convex problems.

2.4. Posteriori Method

This method is used for generating Pareto optimal solutions. It deals with two sub-
methods:

Method of weighted matrix This is used to minimized a global criterion

between feasible objective region and some reference point. The main aim of
this method is to produce solutions by using the matrix methodology for
weighting. This approach is called compromise programming. This method uses
lexicographic approach to reach any Pareto solution. This results in the increase
of computational cost. This will lead to two optimization problems. This can be
used as a solution for each Pareto optimal problems (Miettinen et al, 2006).

Approximation Method In the MCDM many method is developed for

approximation of Pareto optimal solution. Ruzika and Wiecek (2005), explained
the survey of approximation methods. In this method, a number of
approximations are made and the value which is near to the optimum value is
consider as the final value.

2.5. Priori Method

In this method, before the solution process the DM must specify the preference
information. The DM does not have to invest too much time in finding the solution. In
this method, the scalarizing function approach is used to generate solution. According
to Keeney and Raiffa, (1976), the scalarizing function method is valid only if the DM
know explicit mathematical formulation of the value function. According to Fishburn
(1974), according to the importance of lexicographic ordering the DM arrange the
objective function.
8
2.6. Genetic Algorithm (GA)
For MOO, GA is introduced by John Holland in 1970. It is an inspiration for the natural
selection process. Naturally each member of an ecosystem competes for water, territory
and food. According to Konaka et al (2005), the use of genetic algorithm in solving the
multiobjective optimization belongs to evolutionary algorithm. This generates solutions
to the optimized problems. The techniques used in this algorithm is inspired by natural
evolution like mutation, crossover and selection.

Figure 1: Methods used for multiobjective optimization (Xiao-Peng Gan et al, 2015)

9
CHAPTER 3. modeFrontier: AN EXCLUSIVE ONE CLICK OPTIMIZER

3.1 Overview
ESTECO is a company which provides first class software solution. This is focused at
perfecting the design process through simulation. Its smart engineering suite brings
enterprise- wide solutions for design optimization, automation, and process integration
and simulation data management. This technology addresses the entire design
workflow by orchestrating best in class simulation tools. This is also done by it
streamlines design iterations and lead engineers to new, enhanced solutions. The aim
of it to help companies excel across the innovative journey providing them with leading
edge technology. This is done to master engineering complexity and accomplish the
shift to agile product development. Over 300 international organizations have chosen
It consolidates specialized expertise, streamline teamwork and boost product
development of industrial sectors. The leading solution of it inspires decision making
and accelerates product innovation. This is done by enabling multidisciplinary
engineering practices and allocating competence and software resources where needed.
There are two simulation techniques through which it operates.

Volta: According to Carlo (2017), it is a web based collaboration environment

that orchestrates enterprise simulation data and multidisciplinary business
processes. It enables conscious decision making and innovative product
development. It helps to manage all cross functional concurrent design steps by
integrating multiple modeling formats. Its service oriented architecture
facilitates the execution, sharing and reuse of enterprise engineering knowledge.
modeFrontier: It is comprehensive multidisciplinary and multiobjective
optimization solution. According to Seiji (2014), its innovative algorithms and
effective integration and simulation tools ease the optimization process. In has
become essential for understanding of reducing product development time and
cost/performance factors.

mF is a collection of technologies. In short it can be defined as a multi-objective

optimization and design environment which is written to allow easy coupling to almost
any CAE tool. This is used for both commercial or household purposes. This is defined
by EnginSoft SpA, 2014

3.2. Comparison
Optimization is simply a selection of a best element (regarding some criterion) from
some set of available alternatives, statement by Harvey (2003). modeFrontier is a
software for design optimization and process integration. It is developed by ESTECO
SpA. It was the first commercial tool that allowed a multiobjective optimization applied
10
to any engineering design area. Initially also there are optimization methods but the use
of this software makes the optimization quite easier. In traditional optimization design,
initial configurations are send for simulation after simulation the result is evaluated then
simulator are asked whether the result is OK or not. If it is OK then accept the
simulator command, if it is not then modifying the input configuration again. While in
modeFrontier the parametric models and design objectives and constraints are feed in
the modeFrontier software and after that the optimal trade- off solution is obtained. So,
by using modeFrontier the optimization process become very easy and time saving and
cheaper.

3.3. Concept behind modeFrontier

There are three steps in which concept of modeFrontier can understand:
Input Variable: Variables which changes its values according to the parameters.
These are the quantities that designer can vary. These are the free parameters.
These are of two types:

Continuous variables these are pints coordinates and process variables.

Discrete variables these are components from a catalogue and number of components.

Black Box: These are a set of solvers that models and solves in a numerical
manner that design problem like CAD and CAE tools. These are a set of
experiments that produces some data (Evans, 2005).
Output Variables: These are a measure of the system response and/ or
performance i.e. acceleration, speed, consumption, confort, deformation, stress,
mass, volume, lift, drag, defects, number of failures and cost (Karine et al.,
2012).

Optimization means to find a system configurations that meets the objectives and
satisfy constraints. The optimization can be multiobjectives. Many softwares can be
used to describe the behavior of the system. Mosavi et al (2010) proposed a combination
of mF and splining to introduce develop the profile design procedures. This uses CAD
and CAE tools as an interface between designer and splines.

3.4. Workflow management with modeFrontier

On 26th October 2016, the ESTECO webinar series focus complex workflow
management. This presents the new features included in modeFrontier. The designs get
more complex and touch more domains. Now it is crucial to understand system
interactions and behavior to take informed decisions, based on the overall performance.
modeFrontier helps to automate the execution of complex chains of preprocessing and
simulation tools (Yang et al., 2015). This has advantage of the very flexible workflow
and the wide range of direct integration nodes for the most popular simulation tools.
11
The Optimize design is chosen among innovative algorithms. This determines the set
of practical solutions which combines the complex set of opposing objectives. mF 2016
provide advanced features for handling the complex project. This is a dedicated panel
for workflow setting, design space node, improved sub process node and many more.
The agenda of this workflow depends on the following topics:

Scheduling project node: nested optimization strategies

Use of modeProcess to enhance modularity of workflow and reduce complexity
DOE Designer and Design Space node to complete the full automation of
process management.

3.5. Features and Benefits

mF helps to deliver shorter development time and improved product management
performance. The java technology available in mF which guarantees platform
independency and scalability. This is based on complex hardware architectures. It
makes it ideal for any company and department. Mosavi (2014) proposed meta-
modelling approach to evaluate the effectiveness of MOO in 3D wing optimal design.
The key benefits of this software are:

1. reduces the time and cost

2. provides design and performance optimization
3. re-use the historical database
4. provides better and deeper understating for datamining process
5. assists engineers to overcome the common error of giving priority directly to
product rather than to the entire process
6. assists in preparing and executing a number of experiments in order to maximize
knowledge acquisition
7. has ability to revolutionize product development.

12
CHAPTER 4. LITERATURE REVIEW

4.1. Energy
The role of modeFrontier for optimization in this field is very much popular and
important. In this section, its role is discussed:

Smajic et al. (2008), uses modeFrontier for simulation of multi-physics phenomena.

This is specially focus in power devices and based on 3D simulation. The proposed
realization involves an application which drives the field solver. This makes over the
memory bus and modeFrontier. It transmits the optimization tool to the field solver and
simulates necessary objective function evaluation. After this, it is sent back to the
optimizer. This uses multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and non- dominated
sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA- II).
Fujishima (2008), uses modeFrontier in optimization of IPMSM rotor. This is applied
for railway traction system. Designers found trade- off relation between Maximizing
Torque vs Minimizing Open Circuit Voltage and Maximizing Torque vs. Minimizing
Rotor Mass. modeFrontier helps in analyzing the Pareto- Optimal deeply with the
multivariate analysis. This involves CAD and MOGA algorithm to carried out the
optimization.
Matzopoulos et al (2008) uses modeFrontier in optimization of fuel cells design space
using GPROM principle. It provides GPROMS users to access different modeFrontier
global optimization method. ModeFrontier with help of genetic algorithm gives robust
and fast general purpose dynamic modelling. It gives reactor design, catalyst design,
energy integration and carbon capture.
Pehnec (2008) uses modeFrontier to show workflow based shape optimization of
airfoils and blades. This uses chained Bezier curves. The proposed approach is applied
to airfoils. This is useful for wind turbine blades. This gives generating object
geometries. Optimization gives a definite shape of variables. This is applicable to 2D
and 3D cases. modeFrontier provides the exchange of data during the process of
changing the geometry in shape optimization. This uses CFD and NACA simulation
techniques.
Courteille et al. (2009), uses modeFrontier in fuel consumption minimization
procedure. This includes the SAIL assisted motor vessel. It is proposed to provide a sea
transport route that minimizes the fuel consumption in optimum time. It presents the
meshing of the explored area. modeFrontier helps in identifying the best route to
minimize the EFC. It also helps in finding optimal route to avoid rough sea conditions.
Pehnec et al (2009), uses modeFrontier to couple evolutionary shape optimization and
reverse engineering. This is done in reverse design and prototyping. Redesign means
13
facing shape optimization problems, in this case parameters define the geometry and
the objectives. modeFrontier saved time and resources by automatically updating
optimized results. This is done through ANSYS workflow.
Dickson et al. (2010), uses modeFrontier for showing the effect of acceleration on
Adidas bounce shoes. This requires the use of optimization techniques. This
phenomenon can be described by the term directional energy transfer. The shoe uses
tubes with a -shaped cross section. This is assimilated by the shoe sole. modeFrontier
showed the optimum design angle. It also helps to calculate the energy transformation
using CAE methods. Energy transferred and returned actually improve the runner
acceleration.
Odom et al (2010) uses modeFrontier for hybrid FSAE vehicle realization. The goal of
this to design, optimize and build the race car. modeFrontier used to perform a multi-
objective optimization using the genetic algorithm MOGA II. modeFrontier enables the
optimal configuration of the braking system maximizing structural rigidity and
minimizing weight. With the use of genetic algorithms in modeFrontier, the pedal and
brake design were optimized. This is based on a female or male driver
Brambilla (2010) uses modeFrontier for preliminary evaluation of real gas. This effect
is done in a gasdynamic nozzle. This methodology applied to the design of turbine
blades. This couple the fluid-dynamic analysis with a genetic algorithm for the
optimization. modeFrontier has implemented a discrete variety of model. modeFrontier
makes the analysis simpler and more inaccurate methods. The figure below shows that
how modeFrontier helps to calculate the real gas and ideal gas effect on the gasdynamic
nozzle.

Figure 2. A coarse structured mesh used for the ideal gas and real gas calculations (Davide, 2010).

Boulougouris et al. (2010) uses modeFrontier for energy efficient parametric design
tool. This optimizes the framework of holistic ship design. This reduces the emissions
from maritime greenhouse gases (GHGs). modeFrontier provides Pareto-optimum

14
solutions. It provides optimum design with highly efficient models. This complete
mapping of the design space in a comprehensive way.
Hubar, (2011), design the renewable micro generation technologies to supply and off
grid community energy demand. An off-grid community has an optimized energy
system with 100% renewable micro-generation technologies. The renewable energy
technologies satisfy the electrical and thermal energy demand. modeFrontier results in
renewable energy technology system configurations. It also modifies the capacities and
power based on off-design indoor air temperatures.
Benkhelifa et al. (2011) design and optimize the Energy Harvesting (EH) Micro-
Electromechanical-Systems (MEMS). The features of the framework are to enables the
enhancement of MEMS-DO. modeFrontier helps in automation of the optimization
process. It reduces the time and cost of the procedure. It uses the CFD methods to get
the harvesting patterns.
Poles (2011) uses modeFrontier for designing a wind turbine is a multidisciplinary
process. This is characterized by subsequent transformations and phases. This study is
aimed to optimize the wind turbine with regard to maximizing efficiency and
minimizing cost. HAWT optimization is commonly based on BEM techniques.
modeFrontier conducts full 3D CFD simulations. Results are presented in terms of
chord and pitch angle distributions. Results shown by modeFrontier for optimizing
HAWT will be used in future studies on multiobjective optimization of small and
medium wind turbines.
Lee et al (2011), analyses and optimizes the power generation. It is done with the help
of CCS. It stands for carbon capture and storage. This is useful to control atmospheric
levels of CO2. It helps to present a modular framework. This is used for the analysis
and optimization of power generation systems. This is done with help of modeFrontier.
It provides the algorithm which gives the idea to analyze and optimize the power
generation. Furthermore, CFD and MOGA methods is used to find the final result.
Costa et al (2012) explains the numerical procedure which couples the 3D model of the
cylinder. This procedure is done with modeFrontier. This gives the detail idea about
moderate-load and moderate speed condition. This model is applied where the air-to-
fuel ratio needs to maintain. In this case modeFrontier minimize the fuel consumption.
It also increases the useful work with respect to the case injection. It resorts the split
injections. This is to improve the quality of the charge stratification. This is done under
lean operation.
Jenovencio et al (2012) explains the composite structural optimization with the help of
modeFrontier and ANSYS composite prepost. This focus on composites structures. It
can be optimized easily. This can be done using ACP and modeFrontier. An
optimization is performed using a parametric geometry and CFD simulations. This is

15
couple with Structural Analysis. modeFrontier runs ACP which provides several
possible designs. It reduces the weight and minimizes the risk of failure.
Andrade (2012) explains the application of a riser connected to a vessel. This is used
for production and exploration in deep water. The high offsets and vertical motions
imposed by the vessel at the top of the riser. The steel lazy-wave riser (SLWR) has an
adequate solution. This is due to its structural dynamic behavior. modeFrontier defines
a model that could achieve all design verification phases more easily. This optimization
procedure facilitates the design of a SLWR connected to a FPSO unit offshore of
Brazil.
Loonen et al. (2012) show the use of modeFrontier in exploring the potential of climate.
This is done by making adaptive building shell. Building shells with adaptive properties
offer opportunities for comfort enhancements and energy savings. It also explores and
quantifies the latent potential of climate adaptive building shell (CABS) by using
building performance simulation. TRNSYS simulations generates the most optimal
building shell design. This is done by embedding using modeFrontier. It minimizes the
sum of heating and cooling energy demand [kJ]. It also minimizes the number of hours
per year that temperature exceeds 25C.
According to Alessandro et al. (2013), modeFrontier can be used to design a decision
support system. This is done because of the increasing demand for sustainable energy
supply. It is done by combining multiobjective and multi attribute analysis together.
This is done in three steps: [1] an estimation of the total EIP emissions; [2] utilizes a
MADM methodology; [3] focusing on the sustainability benefits of combined heating
and power plants. modeFrontier provides the best Pareto solution. It also improves the
efficiency of the energy plant.
Farias et al (2013), uses modeFrontier to simulate and optimize zero energy industrial
halls. In practice Net-zero energy building (NZEB) requires high investment cost.
Therefore, it is very important to investigate the amount of the additional capital
investment. This is recouped from the energy saving (or generation). Building energy
performance simulate and optimize in order to integrated design approach from the
demand side to the generation side. modeFrontier provides maximized energy
production capability and minimized additional capital investment. It also gives
integrated design approach.
Huang et al. (2013), uses modeFrontier to simulate the laminated lithium ion battery.
These batteries are having multiple thermal parameters of large format. These batteries
have longer life cycles and higher energy density. Multiple thermal parameters are
estimated. This is done by minimizing the residuals using modeFrontier. It optimizes
simulation process and measure the temperature rise. It achieves the simultaneous
measurement for multiple thermal parameters.

16
Percebon et al. (2013) optimizes the wind farm layout. It is done by using genetic
algorithm and modeFrontier. The optimal position of each turbine can be determined
by the winds condition. This is the combination of the characteristics and number of
wind turbines. For the calculation of energy production in wind farm a code is
developed in MATLAB. This code is based on a wake model. modeFrontier improves
the efficiency of the farm. It also reduces shadow of multiple cumulative impact. It also
reduces the thrust coefficient in the turbine blade.
Donateo et al (2013), proposes a method which is based on empirical models and CFD
simulations. This evaluates the design alternatives. It also helps in the conversion of a
diesel engine to either CNG dedicated or dual fuel engines. Two engine configurations
are discussed in this paper. Engine A, which converts diesel combustion to CNG. This
is used for cogeneration purpose. Engine B, is a single cylinder optical engine. It
converts direct injection diesel combustion to dual fuel mode. modeFrontier perform
the final choice of the combustion chamber. It also reduces conversion cost of the
engine.
Martin (2014) uses modeFrontier for optimization and automation design of fluid-
dynamic system. This basically focused on optimal shape of wind turbine blades. To
solve an optimal shape problem (OSP) many approaches are proposed like: Nelder-
Mead method, Quasi-Newton-method, SQP-method. But for final optimization of it
NTB CFD Automatic Design Toolbox is proposed. This is basically done with the help
of modeFrontier software. This helps to solve to CFD optimal shape problems. It also
allows CFD engineers to enjoy the benefits of high-end solution-techniques. This can
be done without deeply diving into the intricacies of modern optimization theory.
Giovanni et al (2014) researched on uranium enrichment cascades modeling with
optimized stage. This is done by mixing parameters for non-proliferation analysis. This
uses the application of modeFrontier. In the last years, the numerical approach in the U
isotopes separation process. A numerical tool for the UF6 enrichment cascades
simulation has been developed by The Institute of Trans-Uranium Elements of the
Joint Research Centre. In this modeFrontier provides a coherent information data for
analysis and simulation. It also demonstrates the possibility to use the simulation as a
valid additional tool when some information on the real plant performance is missing
or is inaccurate.
Bhat, et al (2014) demonstrated the eco evaluation for remote laser welding. The
purpose of eco-evaluation is to provide tools for planners. This is to understand the
consequences of parameter settings and help them. This project is the part of the FP7
RLW Navigator project. modeFrontier software gives a quantification method to
provide estimates for savings. It also concentrates on energy calculations for the

17
process. This also contributes for, the robot motion, the laser power for the stitches and
the cooling.
Perrone (2014) researched grid geometry effects on pressure drops and heat transfer in
an EMbaffle heat exchanger. This uses the modeFrontier software to carried out the
experimental result. This is a patented shell and tube heat exchanger technology. This
is designed to improve performance and reduce operating costs. This is done by
reducing fouling deposition and pressure drops. This designed tube is fully supported
by expanded metal grids (EM-Grids). This allows a pure longitudinal flow pattern so
that dead zones are avoided and tube vibration does not occur. To simulate the
behaviour of the fluids inside an its exchanger, a parametric 3D numerical CFD model
is designed. ANSYS Workbench is used to build up the model and ANSYS CFX as
solver. modeFrontier help to investigate the influence of different EM-Grids on the
development/propagation of turbulence in the shell-side fluid. It also helps to developed
the link between turbulence propagation and performance of the exchanger.
Paolo et al (2015) made a structural modeling of pipelay vessels dedicated to the laying
of long and deep water submarine pipelines. Pipelay vessels have to store on board
thousands of pipe tons to perform welding and non-destructive control operations in
few minutes. This leads to lay the pipe while controlling its state of stress and strain
through dedicated long structures. The proposed methodology adopted to convert the
structural drawings in finite element model. This apply static loads such as weights and
tank pressures to manage hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads. modeFrontier gives an
idea to apply inertia loads associated to the vessel motion. It also provides the coupled
use of global and more detailed local models.
Pasteur et al (2015) uses a new method for current pulsation calculation. This method
is done in induction machine driving reciprocating compressor. In this case, the steady-
state characteristics are used in the analytical solution. The model of induction motor
has enhanced by adding the effects of the air-gap torque. The method is validated by
simulation of the complete system through the use of LMS AMESim. It also used as
multi-physics simulation software. modeFrontier provides more accurate design than
the traditional one. It also analyzes and simulate the torsional natural behavior of the
system more completely.
Rottoli et al (2016) uses the CFD analysis of annular distributors for shell & tube heat
exchangers. This heat exchangers are widely used in many industries. These are widely
used because of its robustness and affordability properties. It reduces the vibration
potential, lowering the velocity of the fluid. This provides an impingement protection
to the first tubes. It also prevents them from erosion issues. The analysis for simulation
is done with the help of modeFrontier software. ANSYS workbench uses the geometry

18
of a gas-gas heat exchanger. It creates a model and a mesh. It also characterizes the
flow in the distributor and compare different configurations.
Raciti (2016) proposed an analytical and FEM modelling of a large turbo- generator.
This is done for the determination of the induced currents in rotor components. Such as
the damper windings in order to assure a safe operation. The rotor body of a turbo
generators is normally made as a single heat-treated forging. This means only the
electromagnetic phenomena can provide to rotor by means of the excitation winding
located into the rotor slots. This creates the rotating magnetic field source. In this paper,
the numerical and analytical calculation methodologies developed in ANSYS. This is
done to optimize the turbo-generator damper windings design. In this modeFrontier
calculates the temperature reached in the rotor hot spots. This is done by means of the
standard CFD analysis technique.
Leonid et al. (2016) proposed an idea for automatic selection of closure relations for
TUFFP. This is two phases flow unified model. This unified model is developed by
Tulsa University Fluid Flow Project research group. This model allows to determine
flow pattern. It calculates liquid hold-up and pressure losses with appropriate accuracy.
There need to define a number of settings which best suit specific flow parameters of
the pipeline to apply this method. The purposed methodology allows to automate
closure relations selection. This is based on the base preliminary processing of available
databases of experimental results. modeFrontier provides a database for experimental
results. It also embeded correspondent knowledge of best closure relations for different
regions of parameters.
Venturin et al (2016) proposed an idea for multiobjective optimization of a hydrogen
production process powered by Solar Energy. Solar-powered thermo-chemical and
hybrid cycles are capable of transforming concentrated sunlight into chemical energy.
This is done by a series of chemical and electrochemical reactions. This study analyzes
the whole production chain and process flowsheet. This connects them with multi-
objective design and optimization algorithms. modeFrontier helps to exploits
metamodeling techniques. It also minimizes hydrogen production costs and maximizes
the share of renewables in the energy used in the process. Genetic algorithm helps to
provide the optimization algorithm and gives the easiest and efficient methods to
harvest the solar energy.

NO Project Authors Algorithm Company Location Year

1 New Opportunities in Bogdan Cranganu- MOGA and ABB Schweiz Switzerland 2008
an old industry power Cretu and Jasmin NSGA- II AG
products Challenges Smajic
in field analysis and
optimization
2 Application of multi- Yasushi Fujishima MOGA and CD-adapco Italy 2008
disciplinary CAD

19
 optimization to rotor
design of interior
permanent magnet
synchronous motor
3 Investigting the design Mark MOGA, Process Trieste 2008
space using gPROMS Matzopoulos, Tom CFD, Systems
first principles models Williams ANSYS Enterprise
in modeFrontier Limited
4 Workflow- Based Igor Pehnec, CAD University of Croatia 2008
Shape Optimization of Damir Vuina, Split
Airfoils and Blades eljan Lozina
using Chained Bezier
Curves
5 Fuel Consumption S. Marie & E modeFrontie Universit France 2009
Minimization Courteille r Europenne de
Procedure of Sail- Bretagne
assisted Motor Vessel
based on a Systematic
Meshing of the
Explored Area
6 Coupled Evolutionary Igor Pehnec, ANSYS University of Croatia 2009
Shape Optimization Damir Vuina, Split
and Reverse eljan Lozina
Engineering in Product
Design and Virtual
Prototyping
7 Effect of acceleration Mathew James CAE RMIT Australia 2010
on optimization of Dickson, Franz University
Adidas bounce shoes Konstantin Fuss
8 Hybrid FSAE vehicle Edwin Odom, MOGA- II University of UK 2010
realization Steven Beyerlein, Idaho
and Joe Law
9 Preliminary evaluation Davide Brambilla CFD Facolta di Australia 2010
of real gas effect in a Ingegneria
gasdynamic nozzle Industriale
10 Energy efficiency E K Boulougouris, Pareto National Greece 2010
parametric design tool A D Papanikolaou, optimum Technical
in the framework of A Pavlou optimization University of
holistic ship design Athens
optimization
11 Design concept for Jeroen van modeFrontie Eindhoven Netherlands 2011
optimizing the Hellenberg Hubar r, CFD University of
renewable micro Technology
generation
technologies to supply
and offgrid community
energy demand
12 ModeFrontier: A Dr Elhadj CFD Cranfield Italy 2011
Facilitator for MEMS Benkhelifa University
Design Optimisation
Integration
13 Multidisciplinary and Silvia Poles HAWT, CFD EnginSoft Italy 2011
MultiObjective
Optimization of a Wind
Turbine,

20
14 A Modular framework David C. Miller, CCS U.S. USA 2011
for the analysis and John C. Eslick, Department of
optimization of power Andrew Lee, Juan Energy
generation system with E. Morinell
CCS
15 Increasing energy Michela Costa, CFD University of Federico 2012
efficiency of a gasoline Luigi Allocca, Naples
direct injection engine Ugo Sorge, stituto
through optimal Motori
synchronization of
single or double
injection strategies.
16 Composites structural Guilherme ANSYS, ESSS, Italy 2012
optimization Jenovencio, CFD
modeFrontier + Rodrigo Ferraz
ANSYS composite
pre-post
17 Optimization Edmundo Queiroz modeFrontie Petrobras Italy 2012
procedure for de Andrade r
alternative
configurations of risers

18 Exploring the potential Roel C.G.M. TRNSYS Eindhoven Italy 2012

of climate adaptive Loonen, Marija University of
building shells Trcka, and Jan Technology
L.M. Hensen
19 Towards zero energy Bruno Lee, Jan modeFrontie Eindhoven Verona 2013
industrial halls L.M. Hensen r University of
simulation and Technology
optimization with
integrated design
approach
20 Simultaneous Zhang, Bin Wu, CFD Tsinghua Beijing 2013
estimation of multiple Zhe Li, Jun Huang University
thermal parameters of Jianbo
large format laminated
Lithium ion batteries
21 Optimization of wind Tales G. do Couto, Genetic University of Brasilia 2013
farm layout using Bruno Farias, Algorithm Braslia
Genetic Algorithm Alberto Carlos
G.C. Diniz,
Marcus Vinicius
G. de Morais
22 Computer Aided Teresa Donateo, GA, MatLab Universit del Italy 2013
conversion of an engine Federica Tornese, Salento
from diesel to methane. Domenico
Laforgia
23 Optimization & Martin Bnner Nelder- NTB, Institute Germany 2014
Automatic Design of Mead for
Fluid-Dynamical method; Computational
Systems: Towards Quasi- Engineering
Optimal Shapes for Newton
Wind Turbine Blades, method; SQP
method;
NTB- CFD

21
24 Uranium Enrichment Giovanni CFD Joint Research Italy 2014
Cascades Modeling Mercurio, Patrice Centre -
with Optimized Stage- Richir, European
Mixing Parameters for Commission
non- proliferation
analysis
25 ECO evaluation for Kiran Bhat, Ian CFD, Cambridge UK 2014
remote laser welding Stroud, Jumyung MOGA University
Um,
26 Grid geometry effects Francesco Perrone ANSYS, EMbaffle Italy 2014
on pressure drops & CFX, CFD
heat transfer in an
EMbaffle heat
exchanger
27 New Method for Andrea Fusi, LMS, Siemens Italy 2015
Current Pulsation Alessandro Ussi, AMESIM
Calculation in Francesco Grasso,
Induction Machines Florent Pasteur
Driving Reciprocating
Compressor
28 Assessment of cost- Ilaria Zaca, Delia CFD University of Italy 2015
optimality and DAgostino b, Salento
technical solutions in Paolo Maria
high performance Congedoa,
multi-residential Cristina Baglivo
buildings in the
Mediterranean area
29 Assessment of cost- Ilaria Zaca, Delia CFD University of Italy 2015
optimality and DAgostino b, Salento
technical solutions in Paolo Maria
high performance Congedoa,
multi-residential Cristina Baglivo
buildings in the
Mediterranean area
30 An analytical and FEM Michele Raciti, FEM. Joint Research Italy 2016
modelling of a large Ansaldo Energia, ANSYS, Centre -
turbo generator for the CFD European
determination of the Commission
induced currents in
rotor components
31 An analytical and FEM Michele Raciti, FEM. Joint Research Italy 2016
modelling of a large Ansaldo Energia, ANSYS, Centre -
turbo generator for the CFD European
determination of the Commission
induced currents in
rotor components
32 Automatic selection of Leonid modeFrontie Piping System Italy 2016
closure relations for Korelshteyn, r, CFD, GA Research &
TUFFP two phase flow Alexey Babenko Engineering Co
Unified model, (NTP
Truboprovod)
33 Multiobjective Manolo Venturin, CFD EnginSoft, Italy 2016
optimization of a Raffaele Mariarosaria
hydrogen production Liberatore Ferrara
process powered by University
solar energy
Table 1: Reviewing of modeFrontier applications in energy

22
The figure below gives about the expansion the modeFrontier over past years. From the
graph, it is realized that the use of this software is increasing year by year due to its
simplicity and quick optimization methods. This shows that modeFrontier application
has increased at very high rate in recent four years.

Figure 3. Use of modeFrontier in energy sector

The use of this software is global. Almost every developed and developing countries
need optimization for the generation of energy. Therefore, for such kind of problem the
companies of these countries use this softwares. The geographical expansion of this
software can be realized through the figure given below.

Figure 4. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in energy sector

4.2. Health
Sugase et al. (2008) use modeFrontier to demonstrate the short-term memory trace. It
is a rapidly adapting synapse of inferior temporal cortex. To study short-term memory
two brain areas of monkeys are recorded. modeFrontier helps in allocating the
working area in mind. It also helps to find out the delay period. It also refers intervening
and non-matching stimuli wipe out the delay-period activity in ITC neurons.
Gustavo (2011) develop a system control for compressor valves. This evaluates the
potential of suction's valve movement. This is done in order to reduce the noise level
23
of a hermetic compressor. This is used in domestic refrigeration systems. This also
modify the opening movement of suction valve. modeFrontier helps to change pressure
pulsation in the suction chamber. It also helps hermetic compressor in simulating the
program recip. It also simulates the compressor of the suction valve. It helps to maintain
the order of 10 dB in the suction chamber.
Bogdan et al. (2016) describe the transitional flow in patient-specific arteriovenous
fistulae. This is widely used for hemodialysis. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is used for
hemodialysis patients. These have high failure rates. This is due to development of
neointimal hyperplasia in the juxta-anastomotic vein. This research investigates the
blood flow in patient-specific AVF. This is done in order to characterize local wall
shear stress acting on the AVF walls. The 3D model of AVF from contrast-free
magnetic resonance images. After that it is performed high-resolution CFD simulations.
In this the modeFrontier characterized the flow field and categorized disturbed flow
areas. It impairs the physiological response of endothelial cells and trigger NH
formation.
Andrea (2016) uses modeFrontier in optimization of fluid-structure interaction analysis
of polymeric membrane. The study is mainly focused to reproduce real stress and
deformation fields into a polymeric membrane that works inside complex industrial
filling valve. A CFD model was developed. This is done in order to estimate loads
distribution. This acts over membrane during the closure procedure of valve. In this
case modeFrontier creates real characterization data. It also generates a model allows
to reproduce 1 way fluid structure interaction analysis. The figure below shows the
modeFrontier analysis methods which is carried out through CAD system.

Figure 5. FEM in preliminary design (Stefano, 2016)

Christian et al. (2016) uses modeFrontier to demonstrate real neurons-nanoelectronics

architecture with memristive plasticity. The artificial neural networks run on
conventional von Neumann computers. This is run with the help of modeFrontier
software. It appears in terms of speed, robustness energy efficiency and adaptability.
This research is done by self-organizing connectivity, merging data storage,
24
reconfiguring and processing into single electronic devices. Nano and micro
transducers allows direct electrical interfacing network of neurons. modeFrontier is
used to provide new and unique adaptive system. It also helps in self-organizing and
evolving properties deriving from the fusion of natural and artificial neuronal elements.
This leads into a new plastic entity. The figure shows the various stages where
modeFrontier is effective. The first shows the original design and the next two shows
the optimized structure.

Figure 6. Packing Optimization (Vincenzo, 2016)

Stefano (2016) uses modeFrontier to demonstrate the part of numerical simulation in

product development. This paper uses the example of bicycle. The numerical simulation
is intensively used in the product development cycle. For this FEM, robust and carbon
fibre designs are created. modeFrontier helps to introduce the concept of external
support for the bigger chain ring to improve lateral stiffness. It also gives an output text
result file with a number of calculated quantities. This is directly related to wheels
performance. FEM analysis is also required for a new product development which is
done with the help of modeFrontier software.
Vincenzo (2016) did a case study to show the role of modeFrontier in optimize
packaging protection. Numerical simulations were used to investigate. LS-DYNA is
used for analyzing the large assembled parts of the final product and also the packaging.
This study is carried out to guarantee the integrity of the product from factory to
customer. Therefore, it reduces the customers service calls. In this case, the FE model
reproduces the testing conditions i.e. defined by internal Electrolux regulations. The
result obtained from modeFrontier is used to improve overall performances. Edge drop
tests and inclined planes are studied in modeFrontier. modeFrontier improves the speed
up of product development. It also reduces the time to market (TTM).

25
 S.No. Project Authors Algorithm Company Location Year
1 Short- term memory Yasuko Sugase- CFD, Merck USA 2008
trace in rapidly Miyamoto, Zheng ANSYS Research
adapting synapses of Liu, Barry J. Laboratories
inferior temporal cortex Richmond, Matthew
C. Wiener, Lance M.
Optican

2 Development of system Gustavo Myrria Neto CFD Universidade Brazil 2011

control compressor Federal de
valves Santa
Caterina
3 Transitional Flow in Bogdan Ene- CFD, IRCCS Italy 2016
Patient-Specific Iordache, Andrea MOGA,
Arteriovenous Fistulae Remuzzi Numerical
for Hemodialysis Analysis
4 Fluid-structure Andrea Piazza SIDEL Italy 2016
interaction analysis of
polymeric membrane
5 Real neurons- Marco Fanciulli, University of Italy 2016
nanoelectronics Giacomo Indiveri, Padova
Architecture with Christian Mayr,
Memristive Plasticity Themis
Prodromakis, Sabina
Spiga, Grazia
Tallarida, Ralf
Zeitler
6 The role of numerical Stefano Garbin FEM Campagnolo Italy, 2016
simulation in product
development: examples
from bicycle industry
7 Impact simulations on Vincenzo Colozzo LS- DYNA Electrolux Italy 2016
home appliances to
optimize packaging
protection: a case study
Table 2: Reviewing of modeFrontier applications in health

The figure below gives about the expansion the modeFrontier over past years. From the
graph, it is realized that the use of this software is increasing year by year due to its
simplicity and quick optimization methods. This shows that modeFrontier application
has increased at very high rate in recent four years.

Figure 7. modeFrontier application in health

26
From the above graph, it is seen that the demand of this software is increasing year by
year. Even on the geographical level this software is expanding from one countries to
another. This can be seen in the figure shown below.

Figure 8. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in health sector

4.3. Materials
Robin (2008) shows the use of modeFrontier in radome optimization for airborne
jammers. This needs to examine the parameters which affect the construction of modern
radome. This helps to minimize the time of laborious work. In this, ANSYS used to
calculates the strength of radome structure. MATLAB is used to calculate
electromagnetic data and cost models of unusual sizes and materials. For optimization
modeFrontier picks data from the program and solve the optimization algorithm. It
helps to find out the less material requirement. It also helps to find lower manufacturing
costs. This results in the cheapest solution possible.
Andr et al. (2008) uses modeFrontier for design optimization of layered composite
structures. An expensive composite material can be utilized with the use of appropriate
design and analysis methods. The approach used, involves specific issues that are not
addressed in general finite element analysis tools. Tools are used for the description
composite optimization problems. This includes the dependencies between zones and
sub-laminates This ignores the composite specific failure modes in design.
modeFrontier provides multi-objective optimization capabilities, process integration
environment, visualization of results. It represents an industry proven solution.
Marco et al (2009) uses modeFrontier for material model calibration at automobile
Lamborghini. This procedure calibrates the parameters of LS-DYNA. It is advanced
material models. After, this model is used for predicting the design optimization and
robustness analysis. modeFrontier reduces the cost of expensive experimental tests. It
allows the influence of physical and geometrical variables. This depends on the

27
composite dynamic structural response. This also used to obtain improved solutions for
industrial case study.
Ronan et al (2009) uses an optimization strategy to the design of an injected plastic pot.
The research is basically focused to the minimize the part weight while meeting
structural and rheological constraints. This pertains to the production line consumption
strategy. The deformation is controlled by conditioning and injection molding.
modeFrontier helps in reduction of weight and material cost. It also deals with polymer
processing issues. It enables to generate a parameterized design. It also validates the
behavior of the part submitted to a mechanical constraint and controls the injection
process. The figure shows the Pareto design obtained in modeFrontier.

Figure 9. Pareto design of a plastic pot (David et al., 2009)

Vincent et al (2011) design a robust PI- LPV tension control with elasticity observer.
This is designed for Roll to Roll system. This needs multiobjective optimization
approach which is done by modeFrontier. It helps to maintain web tension in the entire
processing line. This paper give an idea to design linear parameter varying PI
controllers with quadratic performance using genetic algorithm. In this case
modeFrontier helps in minimization of the cost function.
Cavaliere et al (2011) uses modeFrontier for having multiobjective optimization of steel
fusion welding process. This process is characterized by phase transformations. This
paper deals with different properties of steel welds hardness, residual stresses, phase
transformations, tensile, and fatigue. The welding approach is achieved by employing
a multi-objective optimization software. modeFrontier is used to employ data to build
a predictive database for industrial welding procedures. It also evaluates the mechanical
properties of the structural materials and include the weld metals. It gives broad
experimental campaign performed on different steel joints obtained with different
processing parameters.

28
Gerhard (2012) demonstrated the integration of materials and engineering modelling.
This is done by integrating materials computational tools and information with
computational and analytical tools which are already in use. The process is carried on
composite materials (Glass bead composites, glass fibre polymer composites) with the
help of DIGIMAT Technology (Digimat-MF). DIGIMAT-MF integration is done in
modeFrontier. It shows variation of glass bead fraction, minimizes thermal anisotropy
and also maximizes stress at full load as indicator of strength. The figure 5 shows the
engineering optimized workflow. This shows how the multiobjective optimization
helps in getting the optimum trade- off solution. The figure shows the optimized
engineering task model through different models and constraints.

Figure 10. Optimize atomistic models for specific engineering task (Gerhard (2012)

Neilson et al. (2012) use the modeFrontier for investigating the optimized composite
scarf. This repairs with practical constraints. The composite materials are used in the
aerospace industry. They are widely used because of their high specific properties. This
investigates the effectiveness of scarf repair optimization for minimum adhesive shear
stress concentration. This is done with genetic algorithm together with modeFrontier
software. The finite element analysis (FEA) packages is used for the scarf repair
modelled. modeFrontier helps to find each ply angle as a variable. It also limits the
design space to repair stacking sequences. It also helps to find the scarf angle of the
repair and the number of plies within the repair. The figure shows the engineering
optimized workflow. This shows how the multiobjective optimization helps in getting
the optimum trade- off solution. The figure shows the modeFrontier effect on the
integrated optimization techniques.

29
 Figure 11. Integrated Optimization (Pullumbi et al, 2012)

Hensen et al (2012) demonstrated that optimized Design Solutions are robust for
industrial halls. This is done with Varying Process Loads and Occupancy Patterns. This
deals with the most optimal combinations of values of demand side parameters. This
minimizes the total energy consumption of ventilation, heating, and lighting for a
typical industrial hall. The building energy performance simulation is done with
program TRNSYS. This is used to perform the energy analysis for cooling and heating
demands. For this MOGA is the optimization algorithm chosen in modeFrontier. This
gives an idea to minimize the total energy consumption for designing industrial halls.
Silvia et al (2013) use modeFrontier to design a tool named BENIMPACT Suite for zeb
performance assessment. This tool is used for designing and realizing the NZEB
(nearly zero energy building) and EPBD (energy performance of buildings
directive)building structure. This is developed by EnginSoft (Italy). This allows to
verify how the building performance level is influenced. modeFrontier provides
simulation tasks. This helps in compared with monitored data. It helps in providing an
idea related to energy consumption.
Andreas (2014) uses CAE method in modeFrontier for successful additive layer
manufacturing. This is also known as 3D Printing. It is the forthcoming advanced
manufacturing technique. This paper discusses the enormous potential of light weight
designs and the barriers of commercialization. It also presented the set of CAD and
CAE methodology to unlock the ALM potential. There are several benefits of ALM
techniques like high buy to fly ratio, net shape manufacturing, flexibility in stiffness
and many more. modeFrontier in this case provide to get the optimum solution for
lighter weight designs. It also provides complex biomimetic structures.
Dominique et al (2014) analyzed the web wrinkles in industrial Roll-to-Roll plants
system using finite element modeling. These systems handle web material such as
papers, polymers, textiles or metals. In these systems, troughs and wrinkles of the web
are the most common and expensive defects. This paper deals with industrial production
30
lines to simulate the dynamic 3D behavior of the moving web. This is done by using
finite element modeling. modeFrontier helps to understand which parameters lead to
web wrinkles and which are the most influent.
Alexandre et al. (2014) uses modeFrontier for modelling of transverse segregation on
centrifugally-cast functionally graded composites. In this paper, a modelling effort is
undertaken. This is done to quantify the effects of the acceleration ramp as well as
predicting the occurrence of transverse segregation. This also modifies the Stokes
equation. modeFrontier helps to contemplate the specific effects of the solidification
front on particle distribution. It also helps to implement the GPROMS software
environment.
Elisabeth et al (2014) uses modeFrontier for experimental and numerical simulation of
titanium flow forming. The main objective of this is to improve the production of safe
parts without damage and with good final mechanical properties in a very short time.
This is done by modelling the incremental processes like flow forming process.
modeFrontier provides adapts mesh management. It also gives mesh optimization,
computing time and validation through experimental tests.
Bartolozzi et al (2015) gives simplified FE model of rolling tires. This is given for the
simulation of dynamic forces at hub level. The main aim was to develop an accurate
and easy to use methodology to obtain an FE model of a tire. It also determines the hub
forces of a rolling tire on a drum test bench. This also includes the tire model in a full-
vehicle simulation. modeFrontier enforced displacement to all the nodes included in the
contact patch area. It also gives a rigid plane approaches the tire and compresses it until
the measured static loaded radius is reached.
Ilaria et al (2015) published a paper which shows the application of a modeFrontier to
identify cost-optimal levels in new residential buildings located in the Mediterranean
area. It gives multi-objective optimization methodology to assess energy and cost
effectiveness in new buildings. This is carried out to reach diverse types of highly
energy efficient external walls for the Mediterranean climate. modeFrontier helps to
simulate for economical high efficient buildings. Its solution provides a cost-optimal
design.
Dylan et al (2016) uses modeFrontier to find an optimize methodology for the
determination of cyclic plasticity model. This paper presents the improvements to
achieve the multi-component AF Model with Multiplier (MAFM). This is done through
a numerical optimization methodology. In this variety of strain/stress loading cases at
different plasticity levels have been examined. modeFrontier is used with the genetic
algorithm MOGA II algorithm. It helps to drastically improve the number of different
loading cases. It also recommends adjusting 1y, 2y and 4y when using the MAFM
model.

31
Martin et al (2016) identify the mechanical properties based on nanoindentation
experiments. This is presented to extract material properties from the sample material.
For this, the experiment is conducted in a multidisciplinary laboratory for space
research, SPACE-S. Mechanical properties of specimen materials are identified with
physical experimentation. Then the simulation and optimization is conducted. It
provides mechanical properties in the form of the Young modulus, work hardening
exponent and material hardness. modeFrontier provides the optimization module and
brought quick results in this methodology.

S.No. Project Authors Algorithm Company Location Year

1. Radom Robin Brorsson ANSYS, Saab AB Dubai 2008
optimization for MATLAB Avitronics
airborne jammers
2. Design Andr Mnicke & MOGA Componeering Italy 2008
Optimization of Harri Katajisto & Inc
Layered Composite Markku Palanter
Structures
3. LS-DYNA AND Marco Perillo, Vito LS- DYNA EnginSoft Italy 2009
modeFrontier for Primavera, Luca
material model Fuligno, Giulia
calibration at Fabbri, Casper
automobile Steenbergen,
Lamborghini Nicol Pasini
4. Multi-objective Ronan Le Goff, MOGA EnginSoft Italy 2009
optimization Thierry Burret,
applied to the mass David Garcia Ple
reduction of a Europen de
plastic part Plasturgie
5. Robust PILPV Vincent Gassmann, PI National Institute Italy 2011
Tension Control Dominique Knittel controllers, of Applies
with Elasticity GA Sciences,
Observer for Roll Strasbourg
toRoll Systems
6. Multi-objective P. Cavaliere, A. CFD University of Italy 2011
optimization of Perrone Salento
steel fusion welding
7. Integration of Dr Gerhard DIGIMAT Goldbeck Pharma 2012
materials and Goldbeck Consulting
engineering
modelling: getting
down to atoms
8. Investigation into S.V. Neilson, A.C. FEA RMIT University Melbourne 2012
optimized Orifici, C.H.
composite sarf Wang,
repairs with
practical constraints
9. Towards zero Bruno Lee, Jan TRNSYS, Eindhoven Netherland 2012
energy industrial L.M. Hensen MOGA University of
halls-simulation Technology
and optimization
with integrated
design approach
10. Beninpact suite a Silvia CFD EnginSoft Italy 2013
tool for ZEB Dematt,Cristina
performance Grillo, Angelo
assessment Messina, Antonio
Frattari,

32
 11. CAE Key to Andreas Vlahinos CAE, CAD, EnginSoft Italy 2014
Successful Additive ALM
Layer
Manufacturing
12. Analysis of web Dominique Knittel, CFD University of Italy 2014
wrinkles in Yannick Martz Strasbourg
industrial Roll-to-
Roll plants using
finite element
modeling
13. Materials Research Alexandre gpROMS Universidade Verona 2014
Centre, Modeling Velhinho, Gonalo Nova de Lisboa,
of transverse Rodrigues, Jos Faculdade de
segregation on Paulo Mota, Cincias e
centrifugally-cast Rodrigo Martins Tecnologia;
functionally graded CENIMAT/I3N
composites
14. Experimental and Elisabeth Massoni, GA CEMEF MINES Verona 2014
Numerical Dorian Depriester ParisTech
Simulation of
Titanium Flow
Forming
15. Simplified FE Bartolozzi, G., FE FIAT Chrysler Pharma 2015
Modeling of Danti, M., Nierop, automobiles
Rolling Tires for G., and Camia
the Simulation of
Dynamic Forces at
Hub Level
16. Assessment of cost- Ilaria Zaca, Delia CFD University of Italy 2015
optimality and DAgostino b, Salento
technical solutions Paolo Maria
in high Congedoa, Cristina
performance multi- Baglivo
residential
buildings in the
Mediterranean area
17. An Optimisation Dylan Agius, MAFM, RMIT University Italy 2016
Methodology for Mladenko Kajtaz, MOGA
the Determination Kyriakos I.
of Cyclic Plasticity Kourousis
Models Parameters
18. Identification of Martin Lamut GA, CFD Space-SI Australia 2016
mechanical
properties based on
Nanoindentation
experiment
Table 3: Reviewing of modeFrontier applications in material

The figure below gives about the expansion the modeFrontier over past years. From the
graph, it is realized that the use of this software is increasing year by year due to its
simplicity and quick optimization methods. This shows that modeFrontier application
has increased at very high rate in recent four years.

33
 Figure 13. modeFrontier applications in material sector
From the graph shown above it can be seen that there is high increasing demand for this
software per year. Due to its users friendly behaviour and quick response it is widely
accepted to various countries. The geographical expansion of this software can be seen
from the figure shown below.

Figure 14. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in material sector

4.4 Manufacturing
Amos (2008) uses modeFrontier to optimize the fatigue life of a diesel engine. The
main objective is to maximize the inter-cylinder walls. This also includes the
maximization of minimum bead pressure. This is during the low temperature phases of
combustion. The robust design of modeFrontier algorithms help to address the multi-
objective design optimization. This is done by allowing one variable and three constants
to be defined as stochastic. It automatically created a set of sample designs during the
optimization. This able to improve the Fatigue Safety Factor by 15%. The figure below
shows the amount of maximum pressure reduction due to the optimization technique.

34
 Figure 15. Parameter Optimization FE: Connecting Rod (Motoren, 2008)

Nikbay et al (2010) design an optimization of an aircraft wing. This is a reliability based

structure. In aircraft industry, there need to design new aircraft which are faster and
quieter. This paper proposed an implementation of a homemade RBDO code. This is
based on Reliability Index Approach (RIA). It is done into a structural optimization
framework. The modeFrontier optimization tool provides a reliable and efficient
structure of aircraft wing. It includes genetic algorithm and CFD.
Iwane et al (2011) describes a numeric approach to multiobjective optimization in
manufacturing design. This is done by using the modeFrontier software. This aims at
boosting the yield rate. This paper deals with a new optimization methods called
quantifier elimination. This is based on symbolic algorithm and numerical computation.
The total efficiency of the design process can be improved by reducing the number of
numerical yield-rate evaluations. modeFrontier improve the total efficiency of design
process. It produces accurate relations among design parameters or objective function.
Guan et al (2011) develop the most favorable material property parameters. This
develop finite element models of rat skull bone samples. This is used to predict the
reaction of traumatic brain injuries in humans. modeFrontier used to develop a material
based optimization methods. This is done to minimize the differences of three-point
bending test responses. modeFrontier automatically updated input parameters and
submitted to LS-DYNA. It also reduces the time needed in completely the task.
Kudriavtsev et al (2011) uses modeFrontier for optimization of radiative heating. This
is done for manufacturing of silicon solar cells. This paper deals with the minimization
of thermal variation. This is across single substrate and a group of substrates. This is
done during radiant heating stage. This optimization is done through a variety of high
temperature thermal processes. ANSYS workbench develops lamp heating surface to
surface design. This is a thermal conduction-radiation model. modeFrontier provides
unique insights into system behavior. This lead to innovative enabling design solutions.
Zeguer (2012) uses modeFrontier to find out whether upfront simulation and CAE
driven design. These are reality or long term dream. This paper explains the business
drivers for simulation. It deals with the MDO requirements and issues. The
35
requirements for MDO are: Own Excel template, create project workflow, post
processing / optimization. CAE that uses trial and error analysis and can be used to
drive the design. modeFrontier simulation code LS-DYNA support for business needs.
Alessandro et al (2012) present a structural design for stochastic improvement. This
includes trial and error procedures drafting, preliminary evaluations, verifications and
many more. This paper presents the probabilistic analysis and optimization of structural
details of aeronautical. The work is set to be run by ANSYS, LS-DYNA. The input
values are embedded in an input file for ANSYS preprocessor. This is processed by LS-
Dyna to simulate the riveting operation. modeFrontier perform 3-level DOE analysis of
the problem. It built the response surface of the problem to save time.
Aslam (2013) analyzes the manufacturing of supply chains using system dynamics and
multiobjective optimization. This paper focused on introducing a methodology to
address supply chain management problems. This is done within a truly Pareto-based
multi-objective optimization. In this the simulation is based on system dynamics. The
optimization utilizes multi-objective meta-heuristic search algorithm. For this
simulation software VensimInterface is coupled with modeFrontier. It leads to optimal
results in SCM decision-making.
Agazzi (2015) presents Field tests vs CFD results in gas applications. This is done by
EMbaffle technology. This is a patented shell and tube heat exchanger technology. This
is designed to improve performance and reduce pressure drops. The CFD analysis
outcomes granted a basic comprehension of the mechanism of turbulence generation.
This test campaign on gas fluids. This increases Reynolds number confirmed the
correctness of the HTRI SW algorithms. modeFrontier gives a straight comparison
between experimental tests data and CFD results.
Bresciani (2015) uses modeFrontier for knowledge management in LVSB R&D. This
is done by ABB SACE software simulated in modeFrontier. This software is based on
Excel spreadsheet. This paper deals with the ABB organized global divisions: Power
products, power system, discrete automation and motion. Low voltage products and
process automation. It basically deals with the different types of MCBs. In this
modeFrontier allow to evolve the existing calculation.
Desando et al (2016) describes the heat transfer numerical analysis applied to a
quenching process. For modern technology applications, there is high temperature
requirements of thermal and structural stresses. Because manufacturing process utilizes
this to produce more durable materials. This paper deals with the explanation of the
application of literature correlations with water and oil as quenching mediums. This is
done on different geometries. The main objective is to estimate the heat transfer
behavior during the thermal process. A numerical model with thermal transient features
has been implemented to simulate the quenching process. A mesh sensitivity is also

36
carried out. modeFrontier is used to evaluate the cell thickness influences and the
accuracy of the cooling rate curves.
Esposito (2016) conducts the simulation of real defects with the industrial computed
tomography. This is done with help of modeFrontier. The goal of the work is: first, to
produce a relayable procedure to perform structural simulation of real components. This
is done by considering their real defects, instead of the ideal CAD. Second, test this
procedure to assess its reliability. This follows the following procedure: selection of a
repeatable benchmark. This allows to obtain repeatable and verifiable results,
Tomographic scan of the benchmark. The benchmark of the procedure is the additive
manufacturing tensile sample with designed internal defects. modeFrontier is used for
strain gauge results from the defect. Simulation results from the defect using real
material properties and from the defect using average material properties. The figure
below gives the modeFrontier optimized structure. This shows the difference between
the tensile test result with and without optimization methods.

Figure 16. Structural simulation with ANSYS 17.0 (Esposito 2016).

No. Project Authors Algorithm Company Location Year

1. Advanced Amos FE Analysis BMW Austria 2008
numerical Giovannini
optimization
methods in the
rapid product
development
process of diesel
engines
2. Reliability based Melike RBDO code, Istanbul Istanbul 2010
structural Nikbay, RIA Technical
optimization of an Necati University
aircraft wing Fakkusoglu,
Muhammet
N. Kuru

37
3. A Symbolic- Hidenao Quantifier Fujitsu Japan 2011
Numeric Approach Iwane, elimination Laboratories
to Multi-Objective Hitoshi Ltd
Optimization in Yanami,
Manufacturing Hirokazu
Design Anai
4. Application of Fengjiao FE model, LS- Henry Ford USA 2011
optimization Guan, Xu DYNA Hospital
methodology and Han, Haojie
Specimen specific Mao,
finite element Christina
models for Wagner,
investigating Yener N.
material properties Yeni, King
of rat skul H. Yang
5. Multiobjective Vladimir ANSYS INTEVAC USA 2011
Optimization of Kudriavtsev,
radiative heating Terry Bluck,
for silicon solar
cells manufacturing
6. Upfront simulation Dr Tayeb CAE/ LS- Jaguar UK 2012
and CAE driven Zeguer, DYNA Landrover
design reality or Jaguar
long term dream Landrover
7. Stochastic Soprano LS- DYNA, Second Italy 2012
improvement of Alessandro ANSYS University
structural design and Caputo of Naples
Francesco
8. Analysis of Tehseen Pareto University Sweden 2013
manufacturing Aslam Optimization of Skovde
supply chains using
system dynamics
and multiobjective
optimization
9. Field tests vs CFD Daniele CFD EMbaffle Verona 2015
results in gas Agazzi, B.V.
applications for Brembana &
EMbaffle Rolle
technology
10. Knowledge Nicola CFD, MOGA ABB SACE Verona 2015
management in Bresciani
LVSB R&D (An
ABB SACE
experience)
11. Heat Transfer Alessio Numerical Polytechnic Parma 2016
Numerical Desando, analysis, CFD University
Analysis Applied Elena of Turin
to a Quenching Campagnoli,
Process,
12. The simulation of Fabio CFD, GA TEC Parma 2016
real defects with Esposito Eurolab
the Industrial
Computed
Tomography
Table 4: Sample of modeFrontier applications in manufacturing

38
The figure below gives about the expansion the modeFrontier over past years. From the
graph, it is realized that the use of this software is increasing year by year due to its
simplicity and quick optimization methods. This shows that modeFrontier application
has increased at very high rate in recent four years.

Figure 17. modeFrontier applications in manufacturing sector

From the graph and discussion above it is clear that the use of this software is increasing
every year. Furthermore, the use of this is not only increasing in limited countries for
the manufacturing process, it is also expanding in different countries. Most of
developing countries and developed countries are using this software to carry out the
optimization problems.

Figure 18. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in manufacturing sector

4.5 Transportation
In the field of transportation, the modeFrontier has several applications. According to
the analyst the global automotive and transportation industries are recovering so fast.
However, it also faces pressure to develop vehicles that are smarter, safer and cheaper.
This reduces the fuel emission and consumption. So, with the help of modeFrontier

39
anyone can reduce the development cycle time, lower cost, and increases the degree of
product innovation. These can be done by taking the advantage of computer-based
optimization, sensitivity analysis, and robust design. There are number of factors in this
system which needs to be optimized.
Francesco et al. (2014) uses modeFrontier in optimization of the liquid movement in
automotive fuel tank. A complex activity is needed for advanced modeling of liquid
movement in automotive fuel tank. This is done to enhance design and validation of
automotive fuel tanks. This includes fluid-dynamic simulations, track tests and a new
bench tests. The target is to prevent fuel spill to vapor canister and vapor pressure build
up. CFD simulations have been used to assess the accuracy of bench tests compared to
road tests. This allows to simulate vehicle accelerations. This is done by using a
combination of tank motion and tilt on all axes. Numerical analyses have been
performed to explore fluid dynamic inside the tank. This targeted to evolve the CFD
approach (modeFrontier) into a design validation and optimization tool.
Sylvain et al. (2014), state a complex system engineering simulation through
distribution. Co-simulations is a diverse tool which needs to model different
components of a vehicle. In addition, the complexity and size of such models require a
better use of computing resources. This is done with the objective of providing system
models quickly by assembling these system models in a plug-and-play architecture.
It also providing control over the models computing load distribution between multiple
cores and machines. CFD methods is used in modeFrontier. It helps to give a simulated
design within very less time.
Sylvain et al. (2014) demonstrate these functionalities through the example of a
Simulink vehicle model. This communicates with detailed sub-models in their expert
tools. In this case modeFrontier is used to interface different simulations processes
together and save time for optimization. In automotive manufacturing, Robotic Remote
Laser Welding (RLW) is emerging as a powerful and promising technology. This
welding is done with the help of modeFrontier software. RLW can easily create joints
in distinct locations of the product through simple robot repositioning. Laser beam
redirection from a remote distance. RLW takes advantage of the three main
characteristics of laser welding: high power beam capable of creating a joint in fraction
of second, non-contact and single side joining technology. The figure below shows the
system representation inside the software.

40
 Figure 19. System representation in Autonomie (Philips et al., 2014)

According to Pasquale et al. (2014), design a system for synthesis of robotic remote
laser welding. It needs simulation and optimization of assembly processes with non-
ideal compliant parts joined using RLW. This involves workstation configurator and
planner; part variation modeler, RLW Process Parameter Optimizer. In this
modeFrontier facilitate design optimization for improved part and assembly
performance. It also provides initial optimized locator strategy for input to assembly
fixture 3D design. It also reduces process and equipment commissioning time.
Oliver et al, (2014) demonstrate the dynamic testing of a car body. This is done on a
virtual test rig of a reliable fatigue assessment of mechanical components. This is done
by testing on hydro-pulse rigs. For this CAE methods are used in parallel. It is necessary
to correctly reproduce the loading and dynamic response of the virtual component. An
improved fatigue calculation of dynamically loaded parts by applying correctly
identified loads. This includes the nonlinear contact behavior within the deformable
structure. The correct loading is calculated by using the method of virtual iteration on
a simulation model of a test rig. The simulation process is done by modeFrontier
combines several technologies. An iteration loop for determining realistic loading
structure is carried out by FEMFAT Lab virtual module. The figure below shows the
analysis process done in modeFrontier.
According to Lombardi et al. (2014), the use of computational fluid dynamics
techniques is characterized by specific peculiarities. In the cooperation between the
University of Pisa and Piaggio an analysis of a CFD approach for the study of the
aerodynamics of a scooter is analyzed. This approach can be considered a useful
engineering tool in the scooter design. From the CFD a complete description of the
flows with and without the spoiler are obtained and compared. This approach which is
done by modeFrontier has advantage of providing a complete description of the flow
41
field. It also gives the forces acting on different elements of the scooter. Therefore, a
better understanding of the physical behavior is obtained. The figure below shows the
pressure calculated in the symmetry plane. This is the result which comes out from the
modeFrontier.

Figure 20. The total pressure in the symmetry plane (Baldini et al., 2014)

Bhartendu (2015) states that in the field of automotive there needs highly progressive
improvement in overall efficiency. This is done by integrating the intercooler with air
intake manifold. This will lead to an increase in overall systems performance. It also
opens the room to provide more technological alternatives for psychological comfort
of the end user. If the fluid dynamic behavior of the air is optimized, it will lead to
improvements in the heat exchange through intercooler. It also reduces the air
temperature going into the engine. It also minimizes the overall pressure loss of the
system. ANSYS tool used to analyze and optimize the complex phenomena. This will
make the flow uniform. By using the modeFrontier the turbulence of intercooler can
easily be reduced. This can be done by internally designing the upper planum. The
given figure shows the difference between the base approach design and the optimized
design.

Figure 21. Upper planum internally design (Bhartendu, 2015)

42
Emanuela et al, (2015) presented a paper for predicting the most influential structural
resonances for a variable oil pump. The adoption of criteria aimed at improving the
vibro-acoustic behavior of products. It has assumed a growing importance. The
calculation done with modeFrontier provides the list of natural frequencies together
with the respective modes of vibration of the structure. After an analysis of the sound
emission generated by the pump a consequence of the application of unitary impact
forces to a set of chosen points on the structure. The simulation process done with the
help of modeFrontier activity accompanied by an experimental activity. This acts as a
validation support of the calculation results. It makes the process simple.
Andrea et al. (2016) carried out a project in VM motori company for multiobjective
optimization of a V6 3.0L diesel engine under different operating condition. The
studied carried out on different operating conditions like full load, emission area and
transient condition. The influence of several engine design parameters on engine
performance in terms of Time to Torque, Torque and Air/Fuel ratio and Brake Specific
Fuel Consumption (BSFC) are observed. In an automated way, the integrated work of
the two software, GT-SUITE and modeFrontier are manage. The high number of
parameters involved and for the strong conflict of optimization objectives. It has been
possible in modeFrontier to choose the final engine configuration amongst all optimal
solution identified by the optimization software (Pareto frontier). The optimized engine
ensures a significant improvement of performance in transient condition at the same
time and reduces the fuel consumption and emissions.
Ferdinando (2016) focus on the increasing the use of alternative fuels for automotive
application. This allows an improvement of the environmental sustainability and the
strictest international standards. It requires high performance for the system and its
components in different operating condition. In the LPG gaseous injection system, the
fuel that comes from the tank is a mixture liquid-vapor. It must be completely vaporized
before it reaches the injectors. The evaporator-pressure regulator ensures the
completely vaporization of the fuel. The correct pressure of injection in the different
engine operating condition is installed on-board system. The evaporator developed by
Landi Renzo S.p.A. It is a heat exchanger of a liquid-bi-phase mixture. To optimize the
heat exchange and increasing the heat transfer to the LPG a conjugate heat transfer
analysis has been performed. This is done to simulate the different operating conditions
of the component in terms of water flow, water temperature, LPG flow rate and LPG
composition. The CFD simulations done by modeFrontier have allowed realizing an
optimized geometry ensuring the excellent performances in the presence of very low
environmental temperature. This simulation has proved to be an excellent tool to define

43
the characteristic curve of the evaporator performance. The figure below shows the
CFD model for the injection system in the automobiles.

Figure 22. CFD models (Ferdinando, 2016)

For an optimum design of exhaust system of a ship a study is carried out by Hasan et
al. (2016) in EnginSoft (Turkey) and Istanbul Technical University. During this study,
the 3-dimensional model of the system has been constructed. The CFD analyzes
covered flow mechanism of back pressure. By using optimization platform
modeFrontier the acoustics and back pressure at the same time are derived.

No. Project Authors Algorithm Company Location Year

1 Advanced Francesco Fortunato CFD Fiat Group Verona 2014

modeling of liquid Automobiles
movements in
automotive fuel
tanks

2 Complex System Sylvain Pagerit, P. CFD Argonne Verona 2014

Engineering Sharer, A. Rousseau National
Simulation Laboratory
through
Distributed
Cosimulations

3 Design Synthesis Pasquale Franciosa FEA University of Verona 2014

of Robotic Remote Warwick
Laser Welding
Assembly System
with Compliant
Non-Ideal Parts

4 Dynamic testing Oliver Grieshofer CAE, Engineering Verona 2014

of a car body on a FEMFAT Center Steyr
virtual test rig LAB GmbH & Co
KG

44
 5 Analysis of a G. Lombardi CFD University of Verona 2014
CFDapproach for Pisa
the study of the
aerodynamics of a
scooter

6 New Bhartendu Tavri ANSYS, Magneti Marelli Verona 2015

Methodology: MATLAB
Intercooler
Integration -
Space &
Efficiency
Optimization

7 Critical Emanuela Ligar, CFD, Pierburg Pump Verona 2015

frequencies and Riccardo Maccherini, MOGA Technology
acoustic emission Raffaele Squarcini
of an automotive
Variable
Displacement Oil
Pump: some
numerical
analyses and
validations

8 An automatic Andrea Negrisolo GT- Suite Duraldur Parma 2016

procedure for the
optimization of
pin bore profile
for highly loaded
pistons
9 Conjugate heat Ferdinando CFD LANDI RENZO Parma 2016
transfer analysis Ciardiello
of a LPG
evaporator-
pressure regulator
for automotive
application

10 Optimum Design Hasan Avsar, Nasser GA EnginSoft Parma 2016

of Exhaust System Ghassembaglou,
of a Ship Bulvar, Sanayi
Mahallesi, Pendik,
Levent
Kavurmacioglu

Table 5: Reviewing of modeFrontier applications in transportation

The figure below gives about the expansion the modeFrontier over past years. From the
graph, it is realized that the use of this software is increasing year by year due to its
simplicity and quick optimization methods. This shows that modeFrontier application
has increased at very high rate in recent four years.

45
 Figure 23. modeFrontier application in transportation sector

Transportation is very high demanding sector for any country. Each country has to
focus on this sector to enhance the service to the citizen and also to the tourist. The
graph shown above it is clear that its demand is increasing in each year. For the
countries like India and China where the population density is very high it requires
managing this sector. Therefore, MOO is requiring to efficiently manage it. From the
figure shown below it is clear that for such optimization problem mF is widely used in
different countries.

Figure 24. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in transportation sector.

4.6. Aerospace
Every country requires a powerful weapon system to protect its boundaries from the
enemy country. The weapon system can be waterways, airways or its army. Many
organizations and companies use to make this defense and aerospace equipment. Many
optimization techniques are needed to make it up to date and up to the requirements.
Many optimization techniques in several aspects are discussed below.
According to Bernardo (2014), the parameters affects the combustion at target
temperature with the reverse calculation of chemical equilibrium models. This is
approached using modeFrontier design space exploration and response surface
modeling techniques. The use of these techniques in modeFrontier significantly
simplified the design problem resulting in an ethanol-fueled engine. This is done as
46
propellant-efficient as a kerosene-fueled engine with the same thrust but designed
without such techniques. In 2008, the design of the L75 rocket engine is started. This
requires liquid oxygen/kerosene as propellant pair i.e. 75 KN of thrust in vacuum and
an estimated specific impulse of 324 s.
According to Giulia (2014), for underwater defense system design a project is carried
out by Wassi company. It is found that a modern underwater weapon system cannot be
separated from the use of FEM simulations. This is because of the costs associated with
the development, combined with the high performance and short lead time. It requires
the execution of design activities to minimize design change iterations. It also reduces
the risks associated with the test, often destructive. The use of FEM simulations and
modeFrontier also help the designer to understand some physical phenomena. This
helps to observe during test in the operative environment, CFD analysis are important
to limit the number of test. Also, the ANSYS transient dynamic analysis is used to
verify the installation and testing process. The figure below shows the optimized rubber
structure done with the help of CFD.

Figure 25. CFD streamlines on torpedo rubbers (Giulia, 2014)

According to Stefano et al, (2014), the optimization of a EMA (Electro-Mechanical

Actuator) system consists of two main components. First, recirculating ball screw and
second, electric motor is presented. The main parameters like efficiency, mass,
maximum force a consistent set of designs optimum can be considered. To achieve the
design optimization of an electro mechanical actuator several optimization algorithms
are applied in the Umbra Group Private limited. All the optimization process is done
there by the integrating the optimization software modeFrontier with the electrical
design Maxwell and an Umbra proprietary code FALICOST. In this case modeFrontier
presents the algorithms based on response surfaces methodology as FAST algorithm. It
also presents both NSGA- II controlled elitism and MOGT allow a wide exploration of
the design space. The two figures shown below shows the comparison of the original
and controlled algorithm. It also the its effect over the optimization methods.

47
 Figure 26. Original NSGA- II (Stefano, 2014)

=
Figure 27. Controlled Elitism NSGA- II (Stefano, 2014)

Raffaelo et al, (2014), demonstrate big evaluation of new production technology and
CAE in Aerospace industry. Today this industry represents one of the main test bench
for employment of innovative materials and automated production processes. The
design, engineering and production phases are complex. All the operations and
parameters must be managed effectively. But there is evolution in the manufacturing
processes and the continuous upgrades of the virtual prototyping tools. This allows to
support all the design phases efficiently. Compositi Avanzati, the company involved in
the design and production of composite material structures. The CAE and modeFrontier
software provide the element that should be removed or not through an iterative
numerical procedure.
Stefan (2015) explains, Lufthansa Technik carries out recalculations in a systematic
matter to improve maintenance costs and fuel burn of modern and mature engines. The
flow analysis of the fan module of a classic turbofan engine can be consider as an
example of it. This describes the general flow topology of that design and possible room
for improvements. This could not be detected with the tools available in the design
phase of that type in the late 70s. modeFrontier provides the efficient design of the
engine which reduces the cost. It also helps to reduce the time. It also uses genetic
algorithm and ANSYS algorithm.
Philip and Stefan, (2015) illustrates the use of numerical simulation in the maintenance
of civil aero engines. This allows sensible economic decisions about maintenance
workscopes. This affect the engine performance. CFD calculation which is done by
48
using the modeFrontier software can help in maintenance sector to find the right
decision and to offer the most cost- effective maintenance to the customer. This makes
necessary introduction of advanced optimization approaches to obtain overall optimal
designs.
Stefania (2015) proposed the Over-the-Wing-Nacelle which is a Multidisciplinary
Design Optimization for the preliminary design of an unconventional aircraft concept.
In this case, a complex MDA framework has been implemented through modeFrontier.
This is done to account the interdisciplinary interaction and to provide self-consistent
analyses. The problem of multi-objective optimization of an unconventional aircraft
has been solved through aeroelastic assessment using modeFrontier, FEMWING,
MSC.Nastran, FLOPS, Cart3D. Thus, the optimization criteria include minimum
empty weight and minimum fuel weight, taking into account of structural, aeroelastic
and mission constraints. modeFrontier give consistent and realistic tail sizes for
conceptual design. It also reduces FEMWING. modeFrontier helps aero- structural
analysis of the complete model, compromising airframe and subsystems weights from
FLOP. This provides structural static, aerospace static flexibility and flutter. The two
figure, shown below shows the effect of flutter analysis done with the help of software
in the MDO and MOO.

Figure 28. MDO- MOO (min EW and FW) without flutter analysis (Gamma, 2015).

Figure 29. MDO- MOO (min EW and FW) with flutter analysis (Gamma, 2015)

Michele (2015) explains the understanding of the complex physics for spray
atomization plays a significant role. This is of fundamental importance in different
industries. The aims of this is to deliver technologies for combustion emission

49
reduction. The CFS and ANSYS allow the commercial code in the field of sprays
atomization. modeFrontier predicts the spray distribution. It also helps in evaluation of
NOx, CO and soot emissions.
Fredric (2016) states that the prototype validation to product qualification can be used
for the development cycle of a product is performed by physical test. These are quite
costly but the demands are growing day by day. These are helpful for qualification tests
like endurance vibration testing to be more representative of the real world. These are
also growing in demand because they assess the durability of items based on FEA
simulation. HBM France explains how to set up a CAE-based test and how to correlate
the results with some physical measurements. FEA modelling is used for design and
also for virtual testing. modeFrontier make sure that the representation should be in real
environment. It also reduces test duration and simplify the test specifications. It also
validates boundary conditions, stiffness and density. It set up the magnitude of the stress
response. It validates the meshing and loading. This figure shows the role of
modeFrontier in finding the fatigue failure within the design).
Guiseppe et al, (2016) give the idea for the employment of CAE processes for the
development and optimization of high quality products has become worldwide famous.
There are a wide parameter ranges which needs to cover. For this a large number of
simulations must be performed which depends on the optimization strategy. It is often
unfeasible for SMEs to provide the required capacities for complex flow simulations.
A solution for this would be the usage of open source technology in a HPC cloud. The
aim of CloudSME project funded by EU Commission is to create the HPC-based
approaches to the rapid and effective deployment of CAE software in the cloud. In order
to enable this in particular SMEs companies the use of both at affordable conditions
(pay-on-demand basis) is necessary. In order to achieve this goal, 29 project partners
have been working on the implementation of different cases (MSaaS). The software
developer DHCAE Tools provides access from within their modelling environment. In
the cloudSME HPC environment, CastNet to open-source solver technology
(OpenFOAM for CFD, CalculiX of structural analysis) has been used for the simulation
and the technical design of model helicopter rotors and their blades. modeFrontier can
helps in extending services for existing customers. It also reduces effort for installation
guidance.
Giovanni et al. (2016) focused on a safety assessment performed on CubeSat satellites.
The simulation of blast waves in maintenance has increases its role in fluid dynamics.
This may be due to its due to its many important applications primarily in the aerospace,
defense and the oil & gas sectors. This is to evaluate the effects of the thermal runaway
phenomena originating inside a batter. This verify the interaction between the blast of
battery and the structure of CubeSat, and assess the derived space debris production.

50
To simulate wave and pressure development, battery structural failure and solid- fluid
parts ejection from the assembly. A finite element model of the ignition is built. The
software used to model the phenomenon is LS-Dyna. This approach can be subjected
to dangerous environment conditions leading to an explosive thermal runaway. This is
done so that a suitable containing structure can be easily integrated. modeFrontier
correlate experimental data and implement experimental data like materials, pressure,
times etc. It also helps in system correlations.

No. Project Authors Algorithm Company Location Year

1 Applications of Bernardo Souza CFD, GA DCTA/FUNDEP Verona 2014

modeFrontier in
liquid propellant
rocket engine
design

2 S-DYNA and Marco Perillo, Vito FEM, Enginsoft SpA, Verona 2014
modeFrontier for Primavera, Luca ANSYS, Automobili
material model Fuligno, Giulia CFD, LS- Lamborghini SpA
calibration at Fabbri, Casper DYNA
automobile Steenbergen,
Lamborghini, Nicol Pasini

3 Design Stefano Toro, FALICOST, Umbra Group Verona 2014

Optimization of an Stefano Siontas NSGA,
Electro MOGA
Mechanical
Actuator: what are
the suitable
algorithms to
solve this complex
constrained
problem of
optimization

4 The role of new Raffaele Acierno, CAE Compositi Verona 2014

production Fabio Rossetti Avanzati,
technologies and EnginSoft
CAE in the
evolution of
Aerospace
industry

5 DFAM: Design Stefano Scardino, GA, ITACAe Srl Verona 2015

for Additive Mauro Faga, ANSYS
Manufacturing of Federico Valente,
the case for a Ilaria Schiavi,
rugged pc for Manuel Lai
aeronautical
applications

6 Recalculation of Stefan Kuntzagk; CFD Lufthansa Technik Verona 2015

the fan design of a
classic aero engine
with high thrust-
class from a
51
 maintenance
perspective

7 Multi-Disciplinary Stefania Gemma FLOPS, Sapienza Verona 2015

and Multi- Cart3D, University of
Objective FEMWING Rome
Optimization of an
Unconventional
Aircraft Concept
using
modeFrontier

8 An overview of Michele Andreoli CFD, EnginSoft Verona 2015

the FIRST project: ANSYS
CFD can be a
valuable tool for a
deeper
understanding of
the atomization
process

9 Use Virtual Frederic Kihm, FEA, CAE, HBM France Parma 2016
Vibration Tests to
Optimize Physical
Shaker Tests

10 Model helicopter Giuseppe Padula CAE, University of Parma 2016

configuration and CLOUDSM Repubblica di San
optimisation using E, CFD, Marino
OpenFOAM- OPENFOA
based CFD solver M
technology in a
HPC-based Cloud

11 Cubesat battery Giovanni LS- DYNA Aviospace, Parma 2016

safety: Simulation Gambacciani
of blasting
phenomena in
vacuum
Table 6: Reviewing of modeFrontier applications in aerospace

The figure below gives about the expansion the modeFrontier over past years. From the
graph, it is realized that the use of this software is increasing year by year due to its
simplicity and quick optimization methods. In this initial rate of using this software is
very slow but from the previous three years the use of this software has increased with
high demand.

52
 Figure 30. modeFrontier application in aerospace

In this sector, the optimization method is increasing in each year. The demand of this
software is also increasing at geographical level. From the figure below it can be seen
that how modeFrontier is expanding throughout the globe.

Figure 31. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in aerospace

4.7 BioScience
Thor et al. (2012) uses multiobjective optimization with modeFrontier applied to
system biology. The main aim is to identify multiple solutions with acceptably small
errors, also to identify different sets of solutions. For this a modelling and simulation
software based on MathModelica software which run through modeFrontier. A
Partitive Clustering Analysis was carried out on the data. For Multivariate Analysis
(MVA), understood using the normal tools available in the Design Space. This can be
done by using Partitive Clustering Analysis. This is tool available in modeFrontier.
Valtorta et al. (2014) studied on numerical simulation of a transcatheter aortic valve.
This is the replacement of the aortic valve of the heart through the blood vessels. The
interaction of blood, stent and aorta are of importance in determining this valve for
implants lifetime. A numerical modeling procedure is developed together with CAD,
FEM. This is done for implanting a transcatheter percutaneous aortic valve. This study
53
discussed information about the evolution of forces, pressures and stresses during a
heart pulse. It also deals with their effects on working conditions, mechanical integrity
and lifetime assessment of the implant. modeFrontier used to find out the most critical
locations in the stent and compared the fatigue properties of the nitinol stent.
Antiga et al (2014) study about the image-based intracranial aneurysm modeling into
clinical settings. This study is carried out by Orobix Srl in collaboration with the
University of New York at Buffalo. This further developed a clinically-oriented
application for image-based modeling of intracranial aneurysm morphology and
hemodynamics. This allows to process a case in 5 to 10 minutes of user interaction
time. In this case modeFrontier helps in characterization of cerebral aneurysms for
assessing risk of rapture. This also use CFD simulations to perform neurosurgery.
Leyva et al (2014) gave a theory about emergence and dynamics in complex networks
of neurons. Complex networks of neural system in the large scale improve the
understanding of the integration-segregation function balance of different brain areas.
This also covers the microscale and dynamic of the living neural tissue. modeFrontier
is used to experimentally investigate the morphological evolution of self-organized
ensembles of cells into networks in vitro primary cultures neurons. Numerical models
of modeFrontier identify the physical processes ruling the structure transformations and
the evolution of the dynamics of the entire system.
Yazar et al (2014) use the modeFrontier for showing the efforts on medical education
simulation center establishment. This is done with the help of Gulhane Military Medical
Academy experience. In this campus of emergency and intensive care units,
transportation of the patients simulators with an ambulance made available. Under a
sophisticated scenario, a simulation process is done with the help of modeFrontier. Due
to this a CBRN training opportunities, training with real anesthesia gases, emergency
applications are provided. It also provides an opportunity to practice on real patients or
in order to overcome the medical malpractices.

No. Project Authors Algorithm Company Location Year

1 Multiobjective Adam Thor, Elin Math EnginSoft Nordic, Austria 2012

optimization with Nyman Modelica Linkping
modeFrontier University
applied to system
biology

2 Numerical D. Valtorta, J. CAD, FEM ADMEDES Verona 2014

simulation of a Grognuz1, U. SCHUESSLER
transcatheter aortic Baenninger1, B. GmbH
valve Schwenter, M.
Wind

3 Taking image-based Luca Antiga, CFD Orobix Verona 2014

intracranial Simone Manini,

54
 aneurysm modeling Lorenzo Botti,
into clinical settings Pietro Rota

4 Emergence and I. Leyva, I. Numerical Centre for Verona 2014

dynamics in Sendia-Nadal, Analysis Biomedical
complex networks D. de Santos- Technology
of neurons Sierra, A. Navas

5 Efforts on Medical Fatih Yazar, CBRN Gulhane Military Verona 2014

Education Ahmet Korkmaz, Medical Academy
Simulation Center Sleyman
Establishment Ceylan, Orhan
Kozak

Table 7: Reviewing of modeFrontier applications in Bioscience

The figure below gives about the expansion the modeFrontier over past years. From the
graph, it is realized that the use of this software is increasing year by year due to its
simplicity and quick optimization methods.

Figure 32. modeFrontier application in bioscience

The map below shows the geographical expansion of this software in the field of
foundry sector. It is clear from the map that the demand of this software is increasing
in every part of the world.

Figure 33. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in bioscience

55
4.8 Foundry Industry
Piccininni (2014) carried out a numerical simulation of the cooling phase of a sand
casting. This is done for the evaluation of residual stresses. The prediction of residual
stress enables the negatively influence on the performance of the component and its
manufacturing. These predictions come from the numerical simulations. These
simulations are based on robust numerical models of modeFrontier. For this, both
mechanical and thermo-physical properties of the investigated alloy are implemented.
A reliable temperature evolves during different casting zones which is the key factor in
order to effectively and efficiently model the thermal stresses. In the casting procedure,
an optimized inverse analysis procedure is used based on finite element within the
modeFrontier workflow. modeFrontier allows to determine the interface heating
transfer Coefficients. The Finite Element model reproduce the thermal field of the
casting during the cooling.
Spaccasassi et al (2014) uses modeFrontier software for aerospace castings simulation.
This paper deals with the exploitation of MAGMA5 simulator for Aerospace
Premium Castings. It also presents an Aluminum Engine Gear Box. It focuses on the
filling and solidification phases. In this case, modeFrontier helps in time reduction and
quality improvements on the firsts prototypes and start-up phase.
Boaster et al (2014) did a thermal analysis of a step-like test block in super duplex
material. This is done by subjecting a solution of annealing heat treatment and water
quenched together. The aim of this work to follow the thermal evolution of a step-like
super duplex test block. The numerical simulation is done by using the software
Magmasoft in modeFrontier. The test block is conducted in 4 different parts
corresponding to each step and samples for mechanical, corrosion, metallographic tests.
modeFrontier used for the analysis of each metallographic sample. It also reveals the
correspondence between evaluations obtained by the observation of CCT curves and
the intermetallic phases.
Treachi et al (2014) designed a predictive method for residual stress of railway wheels.
This is done with the use of CAE instrument using modeFrontier. The residual stresses
on the railway wheel are mainly due to the parameters of the heat treatment process.
This basically consists of an austenitizing followed by rim quenching and tempering.
This process is simulated through Magmasoft using modeFrontier. The results obtained
from this simulation compared with the residual stresses distribution calculated through
ANSYS according to prescriptions of the US standard AAR S-669.
Fiorese et al (2015) defines the role of analytical computation of the plunger kinematic
parameters in HPDC. It is the most used process for manufacturing Al alloy
components. It is also considered a defect generating process. This is because it

56
detects the high scrap percentage. This paper proposed an analytical approach for
computing the novel parameters like mechanical properties and porosity of the castings.
This starts from the plunger displacement curve or its notable points. Optimization
process using modeFrontier is achieved by choosing the best plunger kinematic
parameters affecting quality of castings.
Jakaj (2015) proposed an idea for simulation and process control in steel foundry. The
main aspect is to analyze about Oil & Gas sector. Materials such as Ti and Ni alloy
require during the manufacturing process due to their consequences of errors on final
on-service behavior. This paper deals with the use of virtual simulation done with the
help of modeFrontier. This allows the designer to process the production and obtain the
maximum cast quality increasing the production yield.
Santi (2015) deals in cost reduction using virtual optimization for automotive
component. In cold chamber of an aluminum alloy, the target production process causes
the high-pressure die casting. The paper proposed a new casting system and a print
increase. The simulation approach is done by modeFrontier. It permits an effective
description of the work-flow. A rapid development of the design is done. The work-
flow of the design develops a structural automotive component.
Trevisan (2015) use modeFrontier for core production. In this Optical 3D metrology is
used which is assisted by Virtual simulation. This gives the possibility to measure and
virtualize accurately real part geometries. This is why the 3D scanning is used as the
starting point to investigate on the production process with the simulation code. The
mesh obtained with a Comet L3D. 5M is optimized into MAGMA, Core& Mold
simulation in modeFrontier software. This also helps in minimization of energy
consumption.
Miceli (2016) studied the role of modeFrontier for the optimization of process
parameters in pouring of slim steel ingots. The purpose of study is to Optimize the
pouring parameters in a slim round multi sides ingot in 11CrMo9-10 steel. This is done
to obtain maximum compositional homogeneity. Optimize casting parameters via
virtual DoE. This is done with the help of various processes like solidification, pouring,
validation Segregation of carbon, Molybdenum, Chromium, Manganese. The main
target of optimization to have homogeneity of composition. The goal of modeFrontier
is to minimize the difference between maximum and minimum value of the
concentration of Mn in the ingot. The figure below shows the effect of optimization on
the given design.

57
 Figure 34. Convention effect of optimization (Miceli, 2016)

Bertuzzi (2016) uses modeFrontier software for structural optimization of heavy section
ductile iron components. This paper discusses the integration and optimization of
casting process that can improve their design. This design reduces the components like
mass and cost. Further, it maintains a high safety and quality target. The main aim of
work done is to find the most efficient shape and coupled with the casting process. This
allows large freedom in terms of geometry complexity. This paper analyzed and
compared. This is based on three different optimization workflows applied to a ductile
iron casting. First, a structural optimization without considering local mechanical
properties. Second, mechanical properties are introduced in the optimization loop. This
is used to calculate the component reliability. Third, structural and process
optimization. These are fully coupled. The casting process is optimized in the "virtual
foundry". This is done to reach and improve the structural target. modeFrontier helps
to reduce the total cost and increase the quality level of the component.
Polli (2016) describes the problems in solving and optimizing the use of MagmaSoft in
hot chamber zinc diecasting. The process of realizing the products through high
pressure injection of fluid metal into the mould is called "Hot-chamber zinc die
casting". The fundamental help in mould design is to analyze and predict the behavior
of the metal during filling and solidification. This paper describes the products affected
by typical defects of this process. It deals with shrinkage porosity, cavitation and
turbulent flow. CFD simulation by MagmaSoft within modeFrontier has been used to
analyze the problem and find suitable solutions.
Quaglia (2016) use modeFrontier to describe the integration between numerical
simulation and sampling in the die casting tool standard production process. "Die
casting technology" use to convert many components into light alloys production
aluminum and magnesium. This uses the process simulation MAGMA5 modeFrontier
software. It helps to analyze and compare the results of the numerical simulations. It
also reduces the production time.

58
 No. Project Authors Algorithm Company Location Year

1 Numerical Piccininni GA, CFD Politecnico di Verona 2014

simulation of the Bari
cooling phase of a
sand casting for
the evaluation of
residual stresses

2 Aerospace Danilo MAGMA 5 AvioAero Verona 2014

Castings Spaccasassi,
Simulation Roberto Pilone

3 Thermal analysis Matteo Bosatra, MagmaSoft Fondinox Verona 2014

of a step-like test Marco Fusar
block in Poli
superduplex
material subjected
to a solution
annealing heat
treatment and
water quenched

4 Residual stress of Mirko Treachi, MagmaSoft, Lucchini RS Verona 2014

railway wheels Alberto Ronchi ANSYS
A predictive
method,

5 Analytical Elena Fiorese, CFD, CAE University of Verona 2015

computation of Dario Richiedei, Padova
the plunger Franco Bonollo
kinematic
parameters
affecting quality
in HPDC

6 Simulation and Edmond Jaka GA, MOGA ECA Verona 2015

Process Control in
Steel Foundry

7 Cost Reduction Mauro De Santi Numerical Studio DSM Verona 2015

using virtual Analysis
Optimization for
Automotive
component

8 Core production Lorenzo MAGMA, EnginSoft SpA Verona 2015

assisted by virtual Trevisan, Comet L3D
simulation Andrea
Pasqualetto

9 Optimization of Daniele Miceli, DoE, Numerical EnginSoft SpA Parma 2016

process Acciaierie Analysis
parameters in Rubiera
pouring of slim
steel ingots

10 Structural Giacomo Structural SACMI Parma 2016

optimization of Bertuzzi Optimization IMOLA
heavy section
ductile iron

59
 components. How
the integration and
optimization of
casting process
can improve their
design

11 Problem solving Stefano Polli MagmaSoft, Bruschi Parma 2016

and optimization: CFD
the use of
MagmaSoft in hot
chamber zinc
diecasting

12 The integration Gianluca MAGMA 5 SAEN Parma 2016

between Quaglia
numerical
simulation and
sampling in the die
casting tool
standard
production
process

Table 8: Reviewing of modeFrontier applications in Foundry

The figure below gives about the expansion the modeFrontier over past years. From the
graph, it is realized that the use of this software is increasing year by year due to its
simplicity and quick optimization methods.

Figure 35. modeFrontier application in foundry

The map below shows the geographical expansion of this software in the field of
foundry sector. It is clear from the map that the demand of this software is increasing
in every part of the world.

60
 Figure 36. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in foundry

4.9 Metal Forming

Meng et al (2011) uses optimization techniques on an axisymmetric forging with a
hammer. This is done with initial billet and forging die design for product quality
control. The main objective is to obtain some optimal parameters of the initial billet and
forging dies shape. To develop the metal forming process, the optimization system
requires several numerical tools like CATIA, V5TM, ABAQUS, modeFrontier. This
paper gives an idea of a two-step axisymmetric metal forming project. By using
simulation model of modeFrontier 581 correct real simulation results are obtained.
Based on all the real values the surrogate meta-models and Pareto points are built for a
two-objective optimization process. A solution in all Pareto points give the best values.
Sartori et al (2014) describe the external piloting for ring rolling application with
FORGE. This process has the ability to maintain the centered ring and drive the grow
of height and diameter. It avoids non-round shapes and defects. This paper discusses
the interface during ring rolling production process in real-time. During the calculation,
the position of some virtual sensors pass informations (position, loads) to an external
routine. This able to calculate corrections of the kinematic of all the tools and write
back these corrections in Forge. modeFrontier guarantees the results obtained in the
simulation are close to the real one.
Valsecchi (2014) design and optimize the hard metal tools for cold metal forming
processes. Hard metal is a powder metallurgy material of Tungsten Carbide and a
binding element like Cobalt. These are used for cold metal forming. This paper deals
with the analysis of application issues and customer needs. This is done in order to
provide advices on the best tool design or configuration. It introduced the FEM
simulator Trasvalor ColdForm using modeFrontier. It straightens the capabilities of
CAE tools design. It analyses the wear and stress on the tools in order to improve their
design. The figure below shows the comparison of optimized design to the given design.
This shows that the optimized design has the decreased cross section area and the
constraints are decreased for the optimized design.
61
 Figure 37. Simulation result validation of a rifled pipe (Valsecchi, 2014).

Reggiani et al (2014) optimize the extrusion process. In light alloy extrusion process
used for structural applications. This guarantees adequate mechanical characteristics.
This shows the impact of a limited number of input parameters on a specific output.
This paper deals with the profile quality and the die life. The main aim is to extend this
contribution to account for several input and output variables. This is achieved by
COMSOL Multiphysics integrated with modeFrontier. The optimized solutions are
extracted from the Pareto frontier.
Fracasso et al (2014) uses forging optimization for tool joints. This paper deals with
Forge 3D method. It is a reliable design instrument that uses to fulfill customer
satisfaction. This is used to check the complete die filling at the end of a reverse
extrusion operation for a tool joint production. modeFrontier analyzes a global error in
production within 5%.
Perrotta (2015) uses finite element analysis in fastener industry. This paper aims to
show the main benefits achieved by Forge 3D simulations. This shows successful
analysis of process chains optimization and detection and correction of microscopic
folds through the grain flow simulation. Forge optimization done with the help of
modeFrontier demonstrates proper heating conditions of the initial billet and predict an
unexpected material behavior at high temperature. It helps in saving time and cost.
Marini and Maggio (2015) described a winning synergy between multibody simulation
and finite element analysis to design mechanical presses. Multibody dynamics is a
simulation process used to investigate the mechanism parts move and the forces behind
the motion. During this the working loads are directly transferred to a Finite Element
Analysis software for the structural assessment. ANSYS Workbench environment in
modeFrontier, propose an approach to made a reliable sizing of the mechanical parts
while reducing the overall design time.
Pegie (2015) uses FORGE NxT simulation techniques to find out the latest features
about graphical user interface. FORGE NxT v1.0 was delivered in 2014. This is
widely used in the field of induction heating, open die forging with real manipulators,
flat rolling, mandrel forging. This is delivered in Q1-2015 with a major update
62
regarding sensors and marking grids. This gives a baseline for the future result and
optimization techniques.
Ba (2016) provides a wide range of forging and drop forging products. This paper
discusses related to markets like transport railways and marine, oil & gas and energy.
These demands shaft, rings, bushes, valve bodies, wheels, pipes, connecting rods,
hooks, gears and planet carriers. The implementation of numerical simulation within
modeFrontier allows the material usage and quality prediction.
Fioletti (2016) uses modeFrontier to Develop a new shaped ring rolling processes via
numerical simulation. This paper introduces the experience of a SME during the
introduction of Forge FEM forming simulation tool. This tool is used for the
development of a new shaped ring rolling processes.

No. Project Authors Algorithm Company Location Year

1 Initial billet and Fanjuan Catia, VSTM, University of Italy 2011

forging dies shape Meng, Carl ABAQUS Technology of
optimization Labergere, Troyes
application on an and Pascal
axis symmetrical Lafon
forging with a
hammer
2 External Piloting Angelo CAD, MOGA MURARO Spa, Verona 2014
with FORGE for Sartori, Transvalor S.A.,
Ring Rolling Patrice Lasne, EnginSoft Spa
Application: A Marcello
collaboration Gabrielli
between Muraro and
Transvalor
3 Design and Antonello FEM, CAE Ceratizit Italia Verona 2014
optimization of hard Valsecchi
metal tools for cold
metal forming
processes
4 Optimization of the B. Reggiani, COMSOL University of Verona 2014
extrusion process M. Broccoli, Bologna
by means of a novel L. Donati, L.
comprehensive Tomesani
approach
5 Tool Joints Forging L. Fracasso, FORGE 3D Hydromec Verona 2014
Optimization C. Contri,
Hydromec
6 Finite Element Fabrizio FORGE 3D VIMI Fasteners Verona 2015
Analysis in fastener Perrotta
industry
7 A Winning Synergy Davide ANSYS EnginSoft SpA Verona 2015
between Multibody Marini,
Simulation and Fabiano
Finite Element Maggio
Analysis to Design
Mechanical Presses

63
 8 FORGE NxT: Latitia Pegie FORGE NxT TRANSVALOR Verona 2015
Latest features
about graphical user
interface
9 Advantages and Stefano Ba modeFrontier, F.O.C. Ciscato SpA Parma 2016
outlooks of CFD
implementation of
numerical
simulation on steel
hot forging
10 Development of Fabio Fioletti FEM FELB Parma 2016
New Shaped Ring
Rolling Processes
via Numerical
Simulation

Table 9: Reviewing of modeFrontier applications in metal foaming

The figure below gives about the expansion the modeFrontier over past years. From the
graph, it is realized that the use of this software is increasing year by year due to its
simplicity and quick optimization methods.

Figure 38. modeFrontier application in metal foaming

The map below shows the geographical expansion of this software in the field of metal
foaming sector. It is clear from the map that the demand of this software is increasing
in every part of the world.

64
 Figure 39. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in metal foaming

4.10 Electrical Engineering

Civita et al (2008) uses modeFrontier for studying FERMI@Elettra undulator frame
project. This needs installation of linear and elliptical polarization undulators. This
paper focuses on mechanical structure. This guarantees minimum displacement of the
girders. It supports the magnet arrays. modeFrontier helps to achieve minimum
transversal deformation. It simulates LPU and EPU frame. This makes the same
topology and bar dimension.
Poian et al (2008) design an antenna through multiobjective optimization using
modeFrontier. In this case, the optimization is a full batch process. This is monitored
from a run-log graphic console. In this case, modeFrontier provides clear, well-defined
and non-weighted approach. It helps to understand helps the physics and explore the
design space problems.
Bocchio (2010) uses modeFrontier to optimize System-on-Chip Platform. This is an
integration of all components of an electronic system into a single IC. It contains digital,
analog, radio frequency functions and mixed signal. This paper deals with low power
processor design space. These design spaces are analyzed with M3Explorer for
statistical analysis. All designs were evaluated by modeFrontier on a computer cluster
at ST for obtaining the real Pareto front. modeFrontier optimization algorithm helps to
reduce DoE. This means reduction in time- to- market.
Benkhelifa (2010) uses modeFrontier for MEMS design optimization integration. This
includes motion, sound, biochemistry, radio waves, light, computation and chemistry.
This all is on a single chip. modeFrontier gives highest power generated from MEMS.
The optimization results also predicts maximum power that can be generated from this
model.
Percebon et al (2011) presents a new topology for high torque permanent magnetic gear.
This gives high performance of magnetic gears. It proposed a topology which involves
series of simulations with ANSYS. This is an electromagnetic solver. modeFrontier is
65
used to achieve high torque values. It also improves the robustness for rotor
eccentricities. The figure below gives the optimized magnetic gear structure obtained
through the software.

Figure 40. Optimized magnetic gear topology (Ferraz et al, 2011)

Tessarolo et al (2011) design a surface permanent magnet slotless alternator. This is

used for a small power wind generation. This is done through modeFrontier. Wind
generation has been gaining increasing importance. This paper deals with the
development of a prototype slotless surface permanent magnet generator. This is
conceived for a 20-kW power station. In this case, design optimization, carried out with
stochastic algorithms. modeFrontier helps to optimize the electric generation system
between wind turbines and the grid. It also used CFD and MOGA algorithm to have the
efficient gear structure.
Valerio et al (2012) configure a low cost dual polarized printed antennas. This is used
for ultra-wide-band (UWB) arrays. The development of UWB antennas provides a new
solution. This paper discusses the various arrangements of printed dipoles of different
lengths. This form an approximately rhombic-shaped element. This reduces the
7mutual interactions among adjacent elements in array environment. modeFrontier
achieves the best input matching at the desired frequency band. It uses a MOGA method
with multi search elitism. This enhances the robustness.
Berbecea (2013) uses multi- level approach for the optimal system design in railways.
In this paper two optimization approach are mentioned: first, metamodelbased design
optimization and second, decompositionbased complex systems optimal design. The
metamodelbased optimization approach of modeFrontier intended to address the
optimization of devices. In this case, the FEA in electromagnetics helps the design
engineer make an informed decision.
Garstecki et al (2013) shows how the engineers of Whirlpool are involved modeFrontier
in modeling and simulation of household appliances. These modeling products provide

66
optimized solutions at a system level. Modeling of Attribute performance starts with a
specific performance metric with empirical test data. The Attribute models are further
integrated into the modeFrontier full system flow. In this case, CAE models used to
generate response surface output. modeFrontier combines the attribute models. It
evaluates product performance without specific requirements. It also allows to reach a
high level of performance given product requirements.
Kato (2014) design optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motors for HEV
and EV. The main challenge discussed in this paper is the design of fuel economy
optimized HEV and EV motors. Furthermore, this paper describes a design search
method which enables automatic searches for motor dimensions that will optimize fuel
economy. Optimization is conducted in modeFrontier using 7 design variable
parameters. Also, genetic algorithm and MOGA- II are made to find minimum loss
design. modeFrontier produced design that is based on criteria of weight and fuel
economy. It also adds a new value to design environment of motors for HEVs and EVs.
The figure below gives the optimized structure of the motor.

Figure 41. Fuel economy and weight optimization by GA using 7 designs variables (Kato, 2014)

Tallini (2014) describes multiobjective electromagnetic optimization of RF

components. The main challenge in doing this to identify the best robust RF design
solutions. The solution can be obtained by coupling the CST STUDIO SUITE with
modeFrontier using the direct integration node. The algorithms are piloted with the CST
simulations. This is to reach the design objectives while respecting the set constraints.
modeFrontier sensitivity analysis tools identify the variables affecting the RF
component design. It allows engineers to save time and focus on their specific tasks.
Craciun (2014) uses multiobjective optimization approach for medium voltage
reclosers. The main challenge described in this paper is to find the right configuration
for the components. Recloser lifetime enables excellent switching properties and
improvs energy performance. According to the paper, ABB engineers built a two-step
optimization framework. This incorporates the energy efficiency constraints by
working initially on the actuator model. The paper deals with the optimizing the FEM
with modeFrontier software. The numerical simulation is completed with physical
67
calibration with a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) optimization process. This ensures the
entire system desired performance. modeFrontier helps to achieve the optimal timing
and switching frequencies for the closing operation. It also enhances the performance,
robustness and lifetime of the recloser design.
Mezzarobba (2016) uses modeFrontier for optimization of a SPM machine. This is done
by using a non- isotropic magnetic wedge. To estimate the cogging torque analytical
methods are required. This torque minimization requires genetic optimization
approach. FEA simulations predicts the cogging torque. This paper suggests that the
analytical optimization done in modeFrontier gives the same result as of FEA but it less
time.

No Project Authors Algorithm Company Location Year

1 Fermi @ elettra D. La Civita, R. FERMI @ Trieste SCpA Italy 2008
undulator frame Bracco, B. Elettra
study Diviacco, G.
Tomasin, D.
Zangrando,
Sincrotrone
2 Multiobjective M. Poian, S. Pareto Thales Alenia Thales 2008
optimization for Poles, F. optimizatio Space
antenna design Bernascon, E. n
Leroux, W.
Steff, M.
Zolesi
3 Optimization of Sara Bocchio M3 AST Ultra Low Italy 2010
System-on-Chip explorer Power Platform
Platform using algorithm
modeFrontier
4 modeFrontier: A Dr Elhadj MEMS Cranfield Trieste 2010
Facilitator for Benkhelifa University
MEMS Design
Optimisation
Integration
5 Modelling of a Leandro ANSYS Universidade Trieste 2011
Magnetic Gear Alberto Federal de Santa
Considering Rotor Percebon, Catarina
Eccentricity Rodrigo Ferraz,
Mauricio
Valencia
Ferreira da Luz
6 Multiobjective Tessarolo A., CFD, University of Trieste 2011
design optimization Venuti V, Luise MOGA Trieste, Ansald
of a surface F., Raffin P
permanent magnet
slotless alternator
for small power
wind generator
7 New configuration Guido Valerio, MOGA, SELEX S.I. S.P. A Italy 2012
of low cost dual Simona FEA
polarized printed Mazzocchi,
antennas for UWB Alessandro
arrays Galli, Matteo

68
 Ciattaglia,
Marco Zucca
8 Multi- level Alexandru CFD, GA University Lille Italy 2013
approaches for Berbecea NorddeFrance
optimal system
design in railway
applications
9 Attribute Modeling Greg Garstecki CAE Whirlpool Italy 2013
and System Level MOGA II, Corporation
Performance GA
Optimization for
Household
Appliances
10 Design Shingo Kato MOGA II, Honda R&D Co. Italy 2014
optimization of GA Ltd
permanent magnet
synchronous
motors for HEV
and EV
11 Multiobjective Davide Tallini CST CST AG Computer Italy 2014
electromagnetic STUDIO Simulation
optimization of RF SUITE Technology
components
12 Multiobjective Octavian FEM, HIL ABB Italy 2014
optimization of Craciun
medium voltage
reclosers
13 Optimization of a Tessarolo, A., FEA, GA International Switzerland 2016
SPM machine using Branz, L., & Conference in
a non-isotropic Mezzarobba, IEEE.
magnetic wedge M.
with an analytical
method for cogging
torque estimation
Table 10: Reviewing of modeFrontier applications in electrical engineering

The figure below shows the application of modeFrontier in the electrical engineering
sector from the 2008 to 2016. This shows that the use of it is becoming very famous
and it is widely used for MOO.

Figure 42: modeFrontier application in electrical engineering

69
The map below shows the geographical expansion of this software in the field of
electrical engineering. It is clear from the map that the demand of this software is
increasing in every part of the world.

Figure 43. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in electrical engineering

70
CHAPTER 5. SURVEY RESULT

5.1 State of optimization in industry

This section discusses the number of year that different sectors are using the
modeFrontier software for optimization. From the below figure, it can be seen that this
software is widely used for more than five years. In starting two years its use was
restricted only to 17%. In next three years, its use was increased by 16%.

Figure 44. Percentage of industry sectors with different years of experience in using modeFrontier

modeFrontier is used at different configuration level in the companies. These levels can
be component, system and sub- system. From the figure shown below, it can be seen
that only 52% of all the companies deals with the service level.

Figure 45. Percentage of companies using optimization at different configuration levels .

71
During the survey, it is also seen that different companies uses modeFrontier in
different domains. Design and manufacturing are found to most common domain for
optimization. The figure shown below design and manufacturing domains needs more
optimization.

Figure 46. Percentage of companies using optimization in different domains.

modeFrontier is combination of different of different algorithms and methods. This

survey also gives an idea about the percentage of different algorithms and methods used
by the companies for optimization problems. The figure shown below states that NSGA
algorithm is widely used for solving this problem.

Figure 47. Percentage of companies using different techniques for modeFrontier.

5.2 Geographical expansion of modeFrontier

This software is developed in Europe. Due to its simplicity in past few years its demand
goes on increasing. Now this software is widely spread and most demanding software
for optimization problems. This is use in every continent. It is widely spread in
72
developed and many developing countries. The figure shown below gives different
geographical areas where modeFrontier is used for optimization problems. The first
figure shows the expansion of the software in 2008 in different countries and continents.
The second figure shows the expansion of this software. From both the figure it can be
seen that the software is drastically used for optimization problems in different
countries.

Figure 48. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in 2008.

Figure 49. Geographical expansion of modeFrontier in 2016

Note: In all the geographical maps shown above, darker the color represents larger the
intensity of modeFrontier application at that place.

5.3 modeFrontier applications in different sectors

This software is used in different sectors. The survey is done in ten different sectors.
Among those sector this software is widely applicable in energy sector. Furthermore,
other than the mentioned sectors it is also widely used for research institution and
universities these days. The graph shown below states the application of this software
in different sectors from the year 2008 to 2016.

73
Figure 50. modeFrontier application in different sectors

74
CHAPTER 6. DISCUSSION

6.1 General use of modeFrontier

Optimization is becoming very important task to solve the engineering problems. It is
a daily task in the companies. From more than 10 years the companies related to
different sectors are using this method. Now a day almost every companies are using
multi objective optimization approach. Out of these companies more than 86% 0f the
companies are using mF software to carry out the MOO problems. Furthermore, we can
see that 15% of the companies are only optimizing at component level. The deployment
of mF enables virtual testing, physical experiments and management of a process. This
provides many benefits like time reduction, cost reduction, design and performance
optimization. Its meta- modelling technique provides in re-using the historical database.
It also can be used for better and deeper understanding of the available data. It
accelerates the design to market.

6.2. Advantageous to company

Today, many companies are using this software for many optimization problems. Many
companies use virtual prototyping methods for design process. mF provides the
combination of virtual prototyping and decision process. This makes it an emerging
tool for MOO approach. It has the ability to revolutionize the product development.
Many companies are using this software. For process integration, it has the ability to
verify 5000 design configurations in the same time as taken to verify 50 configurations
with techniques. Avio company saves 15% air mass flow in gas turbine blade cooling
by using this software. Indesit company save 38% time in experimental campaigns of
a full glass oven by using this software. By using this software ABB company reduces
maximum force for a damper by 30%. Many more companies like FIAT group, HPE
of Piero Ferrari, Sulzer pumps, Piaggio & C., use this software for different purposes.

6.3. Optimization and modelling techniques

Among all the companies surveyed the modelling approach is almost used by every
companies. This approach mostly uses CAD/ CAE, FEA and CFD methods. These are
mostly used to solve uncertainly related problems. 70% of the metaheuristic problems
are solved by EA. The EA involves the algorithm like NSGA- II, GA, MOGA and
CMS- ES. This software widely used also in the academic and research fields. Most
importantly this software is used for academic problems. The evaluation time for robust
problems is longer than standard problems. mF uses NSGA- II algorithm to minimize
this time. Only in less than 10% of problem an implicit knowledge is requires among
50% of the companies. Therefore, mF is expanding in different part of world because

75
of its simplicity and less time requirement than the other methods to solve the
optimization problems.

76
CONCLUSION
This Thesis work is focused on multiobjective optimization method through
modeFrontier software. The environment of modeFrontier provide an easy workflow
linking together to the different modules. This helps the user to save their time and use
resource efficiently. It shows the way to set up and run any type of application methods.
It is concluded that Computational Fluid Dynamics application (CFD) is used in many
processes of multiobjective optimization. It helps to maximize the driving force and
minimize the heeling moments. This paper also discuss various methods in which
optimization problem are used to solve. The modeFrontier provides a quick and
efficient optimized solution. Therefore, it is becoming popular now a day. The
modeFrontier act as an integration platform for multiobjective optimization. It also
offers flexibility by integration with the third-party engineering tools. This enables the
automation of simulation process. It also facilitates to take analytical decision. This
thesis work survey the research done with the help of different algorithm like MOGA,
CFD, ANSYS etc. in modeFrontier. In case of many numerical simulation,
modeFrontier play a vital role in different sectors. From the above discussion, it can be
concluded that the role of modeFrontier is increasing year by year. This is because of
its simplicity, efficiency and quick response. It consists of multiple optimization
algorithm and technique. It can also be concluded that modeFrontier is a widely-used
software for multiobjective optimization in different fields, out of which the use in
energy sector is very high and demanding.

77
REFERENCES
1. Tessarolo, A., Branz, L., & Mezzarobba, M. (2016, September). Optimization of a
SPM machine using a non-isotropic magnetic wedge with an analytical method for
cogging torque estimation. In Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2016 XXII International
Conference in IEEE.
2. Andrea Piazza, (2016, October) SIDEL, Fluid-structure interaction analysis of
polymeric membrane, International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
3. Andrea Negrisolo, Duraldur, (2016, October) An automatic procedure for the
optimization of pin bore profile for highly loaded pistons, International CAE
Conference, Parma, Italy.
4. Andreas Vlahinos, (2014, October) EnginSoft, CAE Key to Successful Additive
Layer Manufacturing, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
5. Andrea Fusi, Alessandro Ussi, Francesco Grasso, Florent Pasteur, (2015, October)
C.S.T. Compression Service Technology, University of Florence DINFO, Siemens
Product Lifecycle Management Software, New Method for Current Pulsation
Calculation in Induction Machines Driving Reciprocating Compressor, International
CAE Conference, Verona - Italy.
6. Andr Mnicke & Harri Katajisto & Markku Palanter, (2008, October)
Componeering Inc, Design Optimization of Layered Composite Structures,
modeFrontier Users' meeting, Trieste, Italy.
7. Alexandre Velhinho, Gonalo Rodrigues, Jos Paulo Mota, Rodrigo Martins, (2014,
October) Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Cincias e Tecnologia;
CENIMAT/I3N - Materials Research Centre, Modeling of transverse segregation on
centrifugally-cast functionally graded composites, International CAE Conference,
Verona, Italy.
8. Amos Giovannini, (2008, June) BMW, Advanced numerical optimization methods
in the rapid product development process of diesel engines, modeFrontier Users'
meeting, Austria.
9. Alessio Desando, Elena Campagnoli, (2016, October) Politecnico di Torino, Heat
Transfer Numerical Analysis Applied to a Quenching Process, International CAE
Conference, Parma, Italy.
10. Adam Thor, Elin Nyman, (2012, May) EnginSoft Nordic, Linkping University,
Multiobjective optimization with modeFrontier applied to system biology,
modeFrontier Users' meeting.
11. Angelo Sartori, Patrice Lasne, Marcello Gabrielli, (2014, October) MURARO Spa,
Transvalor S.A., EnginSoft Spa, External Piloting with FORGE for Ring Rolling
Application: A collaboration between Muraro and Transvalor, International CAE
Conference, Verona, Italy.

78
12. Antonello Valsecchi, Ceratizit Italia, (2014, October) Design and optimization of
hard metal tools for cold metal forming processes, International CAE Conference,
Verona, Italy.
13. Alexandru BERBECEA, (2013, June) Universit Lille NorddeFrance, Multi- level
approaches for optimal system design in railway applications, ModeFrontier User
Meeting, Italy.
14. Abdullah Konaka, David W. Coitb, Alice E. Smith, (2006, September) RELX
group, Multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithms: A tutorial.
15. Bernardo Souza, (2013, June) DCTA/FUNDEP, Applications of modeFrontier in
liquid propellant rocket engine design, modeFrontier User Meeting, Italy.
16. Bogdan Cranganu-Cretu and Jasmin Smajic, (2008, August) ABB Schweiz AG,
New opportunities in an old industry power products- Challenges in field analysis and
optimization, 13th IGTE Symposium, Switzerland.
17. Bruno Lee, Jan L.M. Hensen, Eindhoven University of Technology, Towards zero
energy industrial halls-simulation and optimization with integrated design approach,
user meeting, 2013.
18. Bogdan Ene-Iordache, Andrea Remuzzi, (2016, October) IRCCS - Istituto di
Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
19. B.Lee, M.Trcka and J.L.M.Hensen, (2012, November) Department of the Built
Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Industrial Halls with Varying
Process Loads and Occupancy Patterns, 1st Asia conference of the international building
performance simulation association, Shanghai.
20. Bartolozzi, G., Danti, M., Nierop, G., and Camia, (2015, November) FIAT Chrysler
automobiles, Simplified FE Modeling of Rolling Tires for the Simulation of Dynamic
Forces at Hub Level, SAE Technical Paper.
21. B. Reggiani, M. Broccoli, L. Donati, L. Tomesani, (2014, October) University of
Bologna, Optimization of the extrusion process by means of a novel comprehensive
approach, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
22. Bhartendu Tavri, (2015, October) Magneti Marelli, New Methodology: Intercooler
Integration - Space & Efficiency Optimization, International CAE Conference, Verona,
Italy.
23. Davide Brambilla, (2010, November) Facolta di Ingegneria Industriale,
Preliminary evaluation of real gas effect in a gasdynamic nozzle, usermeeting,
Australia.
24. David C. Miller, John C. Eslick, Andrew Lee, Juan E. Morinell, (2015, June) U.S.
Department of Energy, A modular framework for the analysis and optimization of
power generation systems with CCS, usermeeting, Australia.

79
25. Dr Gerhard Goldbeck, (2012, October) Goldbeck Consulting, Integration of
materials and engineering modelling: getting down to atoms, modeFrontier Users'
meeting, Trieste, Italy.
26. Dylan Agius, Mladenko Kajtaz, Kyriakos I. Kourousis, (2016, May) RMIT
University, An Optimisation Methodology for the Determination of Cyclic Plasticity
Models Parameters, modeFrontier Users' meeting, Melbourne, Australia.
27. Dr Tayeb Zeguer, (2012, October) Jaguar Landrover Upfront simulation and CAE
driven design reality or long dream, modeFrontier Users' meeting, Italy.
28. Danilo Spaccasassi, Roberto Pilone, (2014, October) AvioAero, Aerospace
Castings Simulation, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
29. Dominique Knittel, Yannick Martz, (2014, October) University of Strasbourg,
Analysis of web wrinkles in industrial Roll-to-Roll plants using finite element
modeling, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
30. D. Valtorta, J. Grognuz1, U. Baenninger1, B. Schwenter, M. Wind, (2014, October)
CADFEM (Swisse) AG, ADMEDES SCHUESSLER GmbH, Numerical simulation of
a transcatheter aortic valve, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
31. D. La Civita, R. Bracco, B. Diviacco, G. Tomasin, D. Zangrando, (2008, June)
Sincrotrone, Trieste SCpA, Fermi@ ELETTRA undulator frame study, Proceedings of
EPAC08, Genoa, Italy.
32. Davide Marini, Fabiano Maggio, (2015, October) EnginSoft SpA, A Winning
Synergy between Multibody Simulation and Finite Element Analysis to Design
Mechanical Presses, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
33. Dr. Gabriele Eichfelder, (2008, October) University of Erlangen, Adaptive
Scalarization Methods in Multiobjective Optimization, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
34. Dr Elhadj Benkhelifa, (2014, May) Cranfield University, ModeFrontier: A
Facilitator for MEMS Design Optimisation Integration, ModeFrontier User Meeting,
Trieste.
35. Davide Tallini, (2014, May) CST AG Computer Simulation Technology,
Multiobjective electromagnetic optimization of RF components, modeFrontier User
Meeting, Italy.
36. Daniele Agazzi, (2015, October) Brembana & Rolle, Field tests vs CFD results in
gas applications for EMbaffle technology, International CAE Conference, Verona,
Italy.
37. Daniele Miceli, Acciaierie Rubiera, (2016, October) Optimization of process
parameters in pouring of slim steel ingots, International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
38. E K Boulougouris, A D Papanikolaou, A Pavlou, (2009, April) Technological
Educational Institute of Athens, National Technical University of Athens, Energy
efficiency parametric design tool in the framework of holistic ship design optimization,
Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, Greece.
80
39. Edwin Odom, Steven Beyerlein, and Joe Law, (2010, December) University of
Idaho, Hybrid FSAE vehicle realization, Journal of Engineering for the Maritime
Environment, USA.
40. Elhadj Benkhelifa, Mansour Moniri, Ashutosh Tiwari, Alfonso G. de Rueda, (2011,
November) Staffordshire University, Evolutionary multiobjective design optimization
of energy harvesting MEMS, UK.
41. Elisabeth Massoni, Dorian Depriester, (2014, October) CEMEF MINES ParisTech,
Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Titanium Flow Forming, International CAE
Conference, Verona, Italy.
42. Elena Fiorese, Dario Richiedei, Franco Bonollo, (2015, October) University of
Padova, Analytical computation of the plunger kinematic parameters affecting quality
in HPDC, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
43. Edmundo Queiroz de Andrade, (2012, May) Petrobras, Optimization procedure for
alternative configurations of risers, UM12, Austria.
44. Emanuela Ligar, Riccardo Maccherini, Raffaele Squarcini, (2015, October)
Pierburg Pump Technology, Critical frequencies and acoustic emission of an
automotive Variable Displacement Oil Pump: some numerical analyses and validations,
International CAE Conference, Verona.
45.Edmond Jaka, (2015, October) ECA, Simulation and Process Control in Steel
Foundry, International CAE Conference, Verona.
46. Eickhoff T, Franczak B, Krause U, Riedel C, Rsch W and Steiner R, (1996,
October) Accelerator development for the GSI therapy project GSI Report.
47. Fabio Esposito, (2016, October) TEC Eurolab, The simulation of real defects with
the Industrial Computed Tomography, International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
48. Ferdinando Ciardiello, (2016, October) LANDI RENZO, Conjugate heat transfer
analysis of a LPG evaporator-pressure regulator for automotive application,
International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
49. Fishburn, P. C. (1974). Lexicographic orders, utilities and decision rules: A survey.
Management Science.
50. Francesco Perrone, (2015, October) EMbaffle, Grid geometry effects on pressure
drops & heat transfer in an EMbaffle heat exchanger, International CAE Conference,
Italy.
51. F. Lampitelli, (2016, October) Electrolux, Impact simulations on home appliances
to optimize packaging protection, International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
52. Francesco Fortunato, Luigi Di Matteo, Assunta Andreozzi, (2015, October),
Advanced modeling of liquid movements in automotive fuel tanks, International CAE
Conference, Verona, Italy.
53. Fengjiao Guan, Xu Han, Haojie Mao, Christina Wagner, Yener N. Yeni and King
H. Yang, (2011, November) Wayne State University, Henry Ford Hospital, Application
81
of optimization methodology and specimen specific finite element models for
investigating material properties of rat skul, modeFrontier Users' meeting, Italy.
54. Fatih Yazar, Ahmet Korkmaz, Sleyman Ceylan, Orhan Kozak, Gulhane, (2014,
October) Military Medical Academy, Efforts on Medical Education Simulation Center
Establishment, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
55. Fabrizio Perrotta, (2015, October) VIMI Fasteners, Finite Element Analysis in
fastener industry, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
56. Fanjuan Meng, Carl Labergere, and Pascal Lafon, University of Technology of
Troyes, Initial billet and forging dies shape optimization application on an axis
symmetrical forging with a hammer, modeFrontier usermeeting conference, Italy,
2011.
57. Fabio Fioletti, (2016, October) FELB, Development of New Shaped Ring Rolling
Processes via Numerical Simulation, International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
58. Francesco Fortunato, (2014, October) Fiat Group Automobiles, Advanced
modeling of liquid movements in automotive fuel tanks, International CAE Conference,
Italy.
59. Giovanni Mercurio, Patrice Richir, Joint Research Centre - European Commission,
Uranium Enrichment Cascades Modeling with Optimized Stage- Mixing Parameters
for Non- Proliferation Analysis, International CAE Conference, Verona, 2014
60. Guilherme Jenovencio, Rodrigo Ferraz, ESSS, Composites structural optimization
modeFrontier + ANSYS composite pre-post, modeFrontier usermeeting, August 2012.
61. Giacomo Bertuzzi, (2016, October) SACMI IMOLA, Structural optimization of
heavy section ductile iron components. How the integration and optimization of casting
process can improve their design, International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
62. Gustavo Myrria Neto, (2015, December) Universidade Federal de Santa Caterina,
Development of system control for compressor valves, usermeeting conference,
Austria.
63. Gianluca Quaglia, (2016, October) SAEN, The integration between numerical
simulation and sampling in the die casting tool standard production process,
International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
64. Guido Valerio, Simona Mazzocchi, Alessandro Galli, Matteo Ciattaglia, Marco
Zucca, (2012, May) Selex S.I. S.P.A, New configurations of low-cost dual polarized
printed antennas for UWB arrays, ModeFrontier User Meeting, Italy.
65. Greg Garstecki, (2013, May) Whirlpool Corporation, Attribute Modeling and
System Level Performance Optimization for Household Appliances, modeFrontier user
meeting, Italy.
66. Giuseppe Carlo, (2008, October) Calafiore, Politecnico di Torino, Multi-period
portfolio optimization with linear control policies, Automatica Volume 44, Beijing.

82
67. Giuseppe Padula, (2016, October) University of Repubblica di San Marino, Model
helicopter configuration and optimisation using OpenFOAM-based CFD solver
technology in a HPC-based Cloud, International CAE Conference, Parma.
68. Giovanni Gambacciani, (2016, October) Aviospace, Cubesat battery safety:
Simulation of blasting phenomena in vacuum, International CAE Conference, Parma.
69. Gramegna, Nicola, Emilia Della Corte, and Silvia Poles, (2011, March)
Manufacturing process simulation for product design chain optimization, modeFrontier
usermeeting, Italy.
70. G. Lombardi, (2014, October) University of Pisa, Analysis of a CFD approach for
the study of the aerodynamics of a scooter, International CAE Conference, Verona.
71. Hasan Avsar, Nasser Ghassembaglou, Bulvar, Sanayi Mahallesi, Pendik, Levent
Kavurmacioglu, (2016, October) EnginSoft, Optimum Design of Exhaust System of a
Ship, International CAE Conference, Parma.
72. Hopson, (2014, July) Tutorial- Optimizing models with modeFrontier.
73. Hidenao Iwane, Hitoshi Yanami, Hirokazu Anai, (2011, February) Fujitsu
Laboratories Ltd, A Symbolic-Numeric Approach to Multi-Objective Optimization in
Manufacturing Design, Springer Basel AG.
74. I. Leyva, I. Sendia-Nadal, D. de Santos-Sierra, A. Navas, (2015, October) Centre
for Biomedical Technology, Emergence and dynamics in complex networks of neurons,
International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
75. Igor Pehnec, Damir Vuina, eljan Lozina, (2008, January) University of Split,
Workflow- Based Shape Optimization of Airfoils and Blades using Chained Bezier
Curves, Croatia.
76. Igor Pehnec, Damir Vuina, eljan Lozina, (2009, January) University of Split,
Coupled Evolutionary Shape Optimization and Reverse Engineering in Product
Design and Virtual Prototyping, Springer, Croatia.
77. Ilaria Zaca, Delia DAgostino b, Paolo Maria Congedoa, Cristina Baglivo, (2015,
October) University of Salento, Assessment of cost-optimality and technical solutions
in high performance multi-residential buildings in the Mediterranean area, Joint
Research Centre (JRC) European Commission, Ispra, VA, Italy.
78. Jeroen van Hellenberg Hubar, (2011, December) Eindhoven University of
Technology, Design concept for optimizing the renewable micro generation
technologies to supply and off grid community energy demand, Netherlands.
79. Johan Andersson, (2015, March) Linkoping University, A survey of multiobjective
optimization in engineering design, Technical Report No: LiTH-IKP.
80. Keeney, R.L. and Raiffa, H. (1976) Decisions with Multiple Objectives:
Performances and Value Trade-Offs, Wiley, New York.
81. Kevin Chen, Dannie Durand, and Martin Farach, (2004, June) Colton, A Program
for Dating Gene Duplications and Optimizing Gene Family Trees, Journal of
Computational Biology.
83
82. Kiran Bhat, Ian Stroud, Jumyung Um, (2014, October) Ecole Poly technique,
Fdrale de Lausanne, Cambridge University, ECO evaluation for remote laser
welding, International CAE Conference, Italy.
83. Keeney, R.L. and Raiffa, H. (1976) Decisions with Multiple Objectives:
Performances and Value Trade-Offs, Wiley, New York.
84. Kaisa Miettinen, Francisco Ruiz, Andrzej P. Wierzbicki, (2008, May)
Multiobjective Optimization: Interactive Approaches, Heidelberg, Springer.
85. Frederic Kihm, (2016, October) HBM France, Use Virtual Vibration Tests to
Optimize Physical Shaker Tests, International CAE Conference, Parma.
86. Leonid Korelshteyn, Alexey Babenko, (2016, October), Piping System Research &
Engineering Co (NTP Truboprovod), Automatic selection of closure relations for
TUFFP two phase flow Unified model, International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
87. Luciano Moro, P. Boscariol, J. Srnec Novak, F. De Bona, A. Gasparetto, (2014,
October) Fire doors for naval applications: numerical analysis and innovative solutions,
International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
88. Lorenzo Trevisan, Andrea Pasqualetto, (2015, October) EnginSoft SpA, Core
production assisted by virtual simulation, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
89. Luca Antiga, Simone Manini, Lorenzo Botti, Pietro Rota, (2014, October) Orobix,
Taking image-based intracranial aneurysm modeling into clinical settings, International
CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
90. L. Fracasso, C. Contri, Hydromec, (2015, October) Hydromec, Tool Joints Forging
Optimization, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
91. Latitia Pegie, (2015, October) TRANSVALOR, FORGE NxT: latest features
about graphical user interface, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
92. Leandro Alberto Percebon, Rodrigo Ferraz, (2011, May)Mauricio Valencia Ferreira
da Luz, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Modelling of a Magnetic Gear
Considering Rotor Eccentricity, ModeFrontier User Meeting, Trieste.
93. Mark Matzopoulos, Tom Williams, (2008) Process Systems Enterprise Limited,
Investigting the design space using gPROMS first principles models in modeFrontier,
modeFrontier users' meeting, Trieste,
94. Mathew James Dickson, Franz Konstantin Fuss, (2010) RMIT University, Effect of
acceleration on optimization of Adidas bounce shoes, modeFrontier usermeeting,
Australia.
95. Michela Costa, Luigi Allocca, Ugo Sorge, (2012, May) Stituto Motori CNR,
University of Naples Federico II, Increasing energy efficiency of a gasoline direct
injection engine through optimal synchronization of single or double injection
strategies, modeFrontier usermeeting
96. Mattiussi Alessandro, Simeoni Patrizia, Rosano Michele, (2013, October)
University of Udine, Curtin University, A decision support system for sustainable
84
energy supply combining multiobjective and multi attribute analysis- an Australian case
study, modeFrontier usermeeting, Australia.
97. Martin Bnner, (2014, October) NTB, Institute for Computational Engineering,
Optimization & Automatic Design of Fluid-Dynamical Systems: Towards Optimal
Shapes for Wind Turbine Blades, International CAE Conference, Italy.
98. Marco Rottoli, Thomas Odry, (2016, October) Brembana & Rolle, CFD analysis of
annular distributors for shell&tube heat exchangers, International CAE Conference,
Parma.
99. Michele Raciti, Ansaldo Energia, (2016, October) An analytical and FEM
modelling of a large turbogenerator for the determination of the induced currents in
rotor components, International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
100. Michele Andreoli, (2015, October) EnginSoft, An overview of the FIRST project:
CFD can be a valuable tool for a deeper understanding of the atomization process,
International CAE Conference, Verona.
101. Manolo Venturin, Raffaele Liberatore, (2016, October) EnginSoft, Mariarosaria
Ferrara University, Multiobjective optimization of a hydrogen production process
powered by solar energy, International CAE Conference, Parma, Italy.
102. Marco Fanciulli, Giacomo Indiveri, Christian Mayr, Themis Prodromakis, Sabina
Spiga, Grazia Tallarida, Ralf Zeitler, (2016, October) University of Padova, Real
neurons-nanoelectronics Architecture with Memristive Plasticity, International CAE
Conference, Parma, Italy.
103. Marco Perillo, Vito Primavera, Luca Fuligno, Giulia Fabbri, Casper Steenbergen,
Nicol Pasini, (2009, October) Enginsoft SpA, Automobili Lamborghini SpA, LS-
DYNA and modeFrontier for material model calibration at automobile Lamborghini,
modeFrontier Users' meeting, Trieste, Italy.
104. Melike Nikbay, Necati Fakkusoglu, Muhammet N. Kuru, (2010, October) Istanbul
Technical University, Reliability based structural optimization of an aircraft wing,
modeFrontier Users' meeting, Istanbu.
105. Martin Lamut, (2016, October) Space-SI, Identification of mechanical properties
based on Nanoindentation experiment, modeFrontier Users' meeting, Melbourne,
Australia.
106. Matteo Bosatra, Marco Fusar Poli, (2015, October) Fondinox, Thermal analysis
of a step-like test block in superduplex material subjected to a solution annealing heat
treatment and water quenched, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
107. Mirko Treachi, Alberto Ronchi, (2014, October) Lucchini RS, Residual stress of
railway wheels A predictive method, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.

85
108. Mauro De Santi, (2015, October) Studio DSM, Cost Reduction using virtual
Optimization for Automotive component, International CAE Conference, Verona,
Italy.
109. M. Poian, S. Poles, F. Bernascon, E. Leroux, W. Steff, M. Zolesi, (2008)
ESTECO, CST, Thales Alenia Space, Multiobjective optimization for antenna design,
modeFrontier usermeeting, Italy.
110. Mosavi, A. (2010). Multiple criteria decision-making preprocessing using data
mining tools.
111. Mosavi, A., & Vaezipour, A. (2012). Reactive search optimization; application to
multiobjective optimization problems.
112. Mosavi, A. (2014). Data mining for decision making in engineering optimal
design. Journal of AI and Data Mining.
113. Mosavi, A., Milani, A. S., Hoffmann, M., & Komeili, M. (2012, June). Multiple
criteria decision making integrated with mechanical modeling of draping for material
selection of textile composites. In Proceedings of 15th European Conference on
Composite Materials.
114. Mosavi, A. (2010). On engineering optimization the splined profiles.
In Proceedings of International modeFRONTIER Users Meeting.
115. Mosavi, A. (2013). A multicriteria decision making environment for engineering
design and production decision-making, International Journal of Computer
Applications, 69(1).
116. Mosavi, A. (2009, November). Hydrodynamic design and optimization:
application to design a general case for extra equipments on the submarine's hull.
In Computer Technology and Development, 2009. ICCTD'09. International Conference
on IEEE.
117. Mosavi, A. (2013). A MCDM software tool for automating the optimal design
environments, with an application in shape optimization. In Proceedings of
International Conference on Optimization and Analysis of Structures.
118. Mosavi, A. (2013). Optimal Engineering Design. Tech. Rep. 2013. University of
Debrecen, Hungary.
119. Mosavi, A., & Hoffmann, M. (2010). Design of curves and surfaces by
multiobjective optimization; utilizing IOSO and modeFRONTIER packages. In Poster
in Proceedings of Enginsoft International Conference on CAE Technologies for
Industries, Bergamo, Italy.
120 Mosavi, A. (2013). Brain-computer optimization for solving complicated
geometrical decision making problems. In Proceedings of PEME VI. Ph. D.
Conference.

86
121. Nicola Bresciani, (2015, October) ABB Sace, Knowledge management in LVSB
R&D, An ABB SACE experience, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
122. Octavian Craciun, (2014, May) ABB, Multiobjective optimization of medium
voltage reclosers, modeFrontier User Meeting, Italy.
123. Oliver Grieshofer, (2014, October) Engineering Center Steyr GmbH & Co KG,
Dynamic testing of a car body on a virtual test rig, International CAE Conference,
Verona, Italy.
124. Paolo Monti, Aldo Marciano, Agostino Morrone, Cristian Rossetti, (2015,
October) Saipem SpA, The structural modelling of pipelay vessels dedicated to the
laying of long and deep water submarine pipelines, Verona, Italy.
125. P. Cavaliere, A. Perrone, (2011, March) University of Salento, Multi-objective
optimization of steel fusion welding, Workshop IGF, Forni di Sopra (UD), Italy.
126. Piccininni, (2014, October) Politecnico di Bari, Numerical simulation of the
cooling phase of a sand casting for the evaluation of residual stresses, International
CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
127. Pasquale Franciosa, (2014, October) University of Warwick, Design Synthesis of
Robotic Remote Laser Welding Assembly System with Compliant Non-Ideal Parts,
International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
128. Peter F. Drucker, (1985) Claremont Graduate University, Innovation and
Entrepreneurship, American Management Consultant, 1985
129. Roel C.G.M. Loonen, Marija Trcka, and Jan L.M. Hensen,(2012) Eindhoven
University of Technology, Exploring the potential of climate adaptive building shells,
um12.
130. Robin Brorsson, (2008) Saab AB AVITRONICS, Radom optimization for
airborne jammers, usermeeting, Jrfll.
131. Raffaele Acierno, Fabio Rossetti, (2014, October) Compositi Avanzati, EnginSoft;
The role of new production technologies and CAE in the evolution of Aerospace
industry; International CAE Conference,Verona.
132. Ronan Le Goff, Thierry Burret, David Garcia, (2009, October) Ple Europen de
Plasturgie, EnginSoft France, Multi-objective optimization applied to the mass
reduction of a plastic part, EnginSoft International Conference, Italy.
133. S. RuzikaM. M. Wiecek, (2005, September) Approximation Methods in
Multiobjective Programming, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications.
134. S. Marie & E Courteille, (2009) Universit Europenne de Bretagne, Fuel
Consumption Minimization Procedure of Sail-assisted Motor Vessel based on a
Systematic Meshing of the Explored Area, INSA-LGCGM, France.
135. Silvia Poles, (2011) EnginSoft, Multidisciplinary and Multiobjective
Optimization of a Wind Turbine, modeFrontier usermeeting.

87
136. Stefano Garbin, (2016, October) Campagnolo, The role of numerical simulation
in product development: Example from bicycle industry, International CAE
Conference, Parma, Italy,
137. Stefania Gemma, (2015, October) Sapienza University of Rome, Multi-
Disciplinary and Multi-Objective Optimization of an Unconventional Aircraft Concept
using modeFrontier, International CAE Conference, Verona.
138. S.V. Neilson, A.C. Orifici, C.H. Wang, (2012) RMIT University, Investigation
into optimized composite sarf repairs with practical constraints, 28th International
congress of the aeronautical sciences, Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
139. Silvia Dematt, Cristina Grillo, Angelo Messina, Antonio Frattari, (2013, October)
EnginSoft, Beninpact suite a tool for ZEB performance assessment, modeFrontier
Users' meeting, Trieste, Italy.
140. Sylvain Pagerit, P. Sharer, A. Rousseau, (2014, October) Argonne National
Laboratory, Complex System Engineering Simulation through Distributed
Cosimulations, International CAE Conference, Verona, Italy.
141. Stefan Kuntzagk, (2015, October) Lufthansa Technik AG, Recalculation of the fan
design of a classic aero engine with high thrust-class from a maintenance perspective,
International CAE Conference, Verona.
142. Soprano Alessandro, Caputo Francesco, (2012) Second University of Naples,
Stochastic improvement of structural design, modeFrontier Users' meeting, Italy.
143. Stefano Polli, Bruschi, (2016, October) Problem solving and optimization: the use
of MagmaSoft in hot chamber zinc diecasting, International CAE Conference, Parma,
Italy.
144. Stefano Ba, (2016, October), F.O.C. Ciscato SpA, Advantages and outlooks of
implementation of numerical simulation on steel hot forging, International CAE
Conference, Parma, Italy.
145.Stefano Toro, Stefano Siontas, (2014, October) Umbra Group, Design
Optimization of an Electro Mechanical Actuator: what are the suitable algorithms to
solve this complex constrained problem of optimization, International CAE
Conference, Verona.
146. Stefano Scardino, Mauro Faga, Federico Valente, Ilaria Schiavi, Manuel Lai,
(2015, October) ITACAe Srl, DFAM: Design for Additive Manufacturing of the case
for a rugged pc for aeronautical applications, International CAE Conference, Verona.
147. Sara Bocchio, (2010, June) AST Ultra Low Power Platform, Optimization of
System-on-Chip Platform using modeFrontier, modeFrontier user meeting, Italy.
148. Shingo Kato, (2014, May) Honda R&D Co. Ltd., Design optimization of
permanent magnet synchronous motors for HEV and EV, ModeFrontier User Meeting.

88
149. Tales G. do Couto, Bruno Farias, Alberto Carlos G.C. Diniz, Marcus Vinicius G.
de Morais, (2013, May) University of Braslia, Optimization of wind farm layout using
genetic algorithm, user meeting.
150. Teresa Donateo, Federica Tornese, Domenico Laforgia, (2013, May) Universit
del Salento, Computer aided conversion of an engine from diesel to methane,
usermeeting.
151. Tehseen Aslam, (2013, May) University of Skovde, Analysis of manufacturing
supply chains using system dynamics and multiobjective optimization, modeFrontier
Users' meeting, Sweden.
152. Tessarolo A., Venuti V, Luise F., Raffin P., (2011, May) Multiobjective design
optimization of a surface permanent magnet slotless alternator for small power wind
generator, ModeFrontier User Meeting, Trieste.
153. Vincent Gassmann, Dominique Knittel, (2011, September) National Institute of
Applies Sciences, Strasbourg, Robust PILPV Tension Control with Elasticity
Observer for RolltoRoll Systems, 18th IFAC World Congress, Milano Italy.
154. Vladimir Kudriavtsev, Terry Bluck, (2011, November) Intevac, Multiobjective
optimization of radiative heating for silicon solar cells manufacturing, modeFrontier
Users' meeting.
155. Vincenzo Colozzo, (2016, October) Electrolux, Impact simulations on home
appliances to optimize packaging protection: a case study, International CAE
Conference, Italy.
156. Yasushi Fujishima,(2008, October)CD-adapco, Application of multidisciplinary
optimization to rotor design of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, users'
meeting, Trieste Italy.
157. Yasuko Sugase-Miyamoto, Zheng Liu, Barry J. Richmond, Matthew C. Wiener,
Lance M. Optican, (2008, May) National Institutes of Health USA, Merck Research
Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Short term memory trace in rapidly adapting
synapses of inferior temporal cortex, usermeeting conference.
158. Xiao-Peng Ganb, Ashutosh Tiwaria, Paula Noriega Hoyosa, Windo Hutabarata, ,
Chris Turnera, , Nadir Inceb, Neha Prajapatb, (2015, May), Cranfield University,
Survey on the use of computational optimisation in UK engineering companies, CIRP
Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, UK
159. Yacov Y. Haimes, (1979, January) Chankong, Kuhn-Tucker multipliers as trade-
offs in multiobjective decision-making analysis, Automatica, Germany
160. Zhang, Bin Wu, Zhe Li, Jun Huang, (2013, August) Tsinghua University Jianbo,
Simultaneous estimation of multiple thermal parameters of large format laminated
Lithium ion batteries, modeFrontier usermeeting, Beijing

89